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Fig. 9 in On The Last Instar Larvae Of Some Dinidoridae Species (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea)
Fig. 9. Last instar larva of Sagriva vittata.
Figs 7—8 in On The Last Instar Larvae Of Some Dinidoridae Species (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea)
Figs 7—8. Last instar larvae of: 7 — Condius xanthopterus, 8 — Megymenum spinosum.
Late instar monarch caterpillars sabotage milkweed to acquire toxins, not to disarm plant defense
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Sabotaging milkweed by monarch caterpillars (<em>Danaus</em> <em>plexippus</em>) is a famous textbook example of disarming plant defense. By severing leaf veins or petioles, monarchs are thought to prevent the flow of toxic latex to their feeding site. Here we show that sabotaging by monarch caterpillars is not only an avoidance strategy. While young caterpillars appear to avoid latex, late-instar caterpillars actively ingest exuding latex, presumably to increase sequestration of toxic latex cardenolides used for defense against predators. Comparisons with caterpillars of the related but non-sequestering common crow butterfly (<em>Euploea</em> <em>core</em>) revealed three lines of evidence supporting our hypothesis. First, monarch caterpillars sabotage inconsistently and therefore the behavior is not obligatory to feed on milkweed, whereas sabotaging precedes each feeding event in <em>Euploea</em> caterpillars. Second, monarch caterpillars shift their behavior from latex avoidance in younger stages to eager drinking in later stages, whereas <em>Euploea</em> caterpillars consistently avoid latex and spit it out during sabotaging. Third, monarchs reared on detached leaves without latex, sequestered more cardenolides when caterpillars imbibed latex offered with a pipette. Thus, we conclude that monarch caterpillars have transformed the 'sabotage to avoid' strategy of their relatives into a 'sabotage to consume' strategy implying a novel behavioral adaptation to increase sequestration of cardenolides for defense.</span></p>
Data from: Heating up parasitoid-host interactions: high temperature increased mortality of late-instar braconid larvae and reduced ladybird recovery rate
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Habrobracon hebetor ectoparasitism paralyzing effect on Corcyra cephalonica of different instar larvae
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Food quality effects on instar-specific life histories of a holometabolous insect
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Comparative analysis of larval growth in Lepidoptera reveals instar-level constraints
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Late instar monarch caterpillars sabotage milkweed to acquire toxins, not to disarm plant defence
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FIGURES 11–12 in The Plecoptera of Panama. IV. Description of the last nymphal instar for two species of Anacroneuria Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from the Caldera River, Chiriquí, Panamá
FIGURES 11–12. Abdomen of Anacroneuria planicollis. 11. Abdomen, ventral view, male, 12. Abdomen, ventral view, female. (st: sternite, scale: 1.0 mm).
FIGURES 25–27 in The Plecoptera of Panama. IV. Description of the last nymphal instar for two species of Anacroneuria Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from the Caldera River, Chiriquí, Panamá
FIGURES 25–27. Anacroneuria quetzali (adult female). 25. Body, dorsal view, 26. Head, dorsal view, 27. Subgenital plate, eighth sternite, ventral view (Scale: 1.0 mm).
FIGURES 16–19 in The Plecoptera of Panama. IV. Description of the last nymphal instar for two species of Anacroneuria Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from the Caldera River, Chiriquí, Panamá
FIGURES 16–19. Prothoracic leg of Anacroneuria quetzali (male). 16. Prothoracic leg, dorsal view, 17. Prothoracic leg, ventral view, 18. Femur, dorsal view, 19. Coxa, ventral view. (cx: coxa, tr: trochanter, fm: femur, scale: 1.0 mm).
FIGURES 13–15 in The Plecoptera of Panama. IV. Description of the last nymphal instar for two species of Anacroneuria Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from the Caldera River, Chiriquí, Panamá
FIGURES 13–15. Nymph of Anacroneuria quetzali (male). 13. Body, dorsal view, 14. Head, dorsal view, 15. Antenna, dorsal view. (hd: head, th: thorax, ad: abdomen, pr: pronotum, lbr: labrum, ant: antenna, e: eye, scale: 1.0 mm).
FIGURES 5–8 in The Plecoptera of Panama. IV. Description of the last nymphal instar for two species of Anacroneuria Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from the Caldera River, Chiriquí, Panamá
FIGURES 5–8. Prothoracic Anacroneuria planicollis (male). 5. Prothoracic leg, dorsal view, 6. Foreleg, ventral view, 7. Femur, dorsal view, 8. Coxa, ventral view. (cx: coxa, tr: trochanter, fm: femur, scale: 1.0 mm).
FIGURES 9–10 in The Plecoptera of Panama. IV. Description of the last nymphal instar for two species of Anacroneuria Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from the Caldera River, Chiriquí, Panamá
FIGURES 9–10. Anacroneuria planicollis thorax (male). 9. Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum, dorsal view, 10. Gills, side view. (hd: head, th: thorax, pr: pronotum, ms: mesonotum, mt: metanotum, sc: supracoxal gill, tg: thorax gill, ad: abdomen, scale: 1.0 mm).
FIGURES 2–4 in The Plecoptera of Panama. IV. Description of the last nymphal instar for two species of Anacroneuria Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from the Caldera River, Chiriquí, Panamá
FIGURES 2–4. Nymph of Anacroneuria planicollis (male). 2. Body, dorsal view, 3. Head, dorsal view, 4. Antenna, dorsal view. (hd: head, th: thorax, ad: abdomen, pr: pronotum, lbr: labrum, ant: antenna, e: eye, scale: 1.0 mm).
FIGURE 22. Leptus eyes comparison. A in Multi-instar descriptions of cave dwelling Erythraeidae (Trombidiformes: Parasitengona) employing an integrative approach
FIGURE 22. Leptus eyes comparison. A: Leptus sidorchukae sp. nov. male, arrow heads indicating the eyes. B: Leptus sp. male UFMG-AC 1300406, arrow heads pointing the eyes. Scale: 200 µm.
FIGURE 21 in Multi-instar descriptions of cave dwelling Erythraeidae (Trombidiformes: Parasitengona) employing an integrative approach
FIGURE 21. Charletonia rocciai Treat & Flechtmann, 1979 male. A: Ti I distally posterior; B: Ti I distally anterior; C: Junction between Ge I and Ti I; D: Ti II distally; E: Junction between Ge II and Ti II. Scale: 10 µm.
FIGURE 18 in Multi-instar descriptions of cave dwelling Erythraeidae (Trombidiformes: Parasitengona) employing an integrative approach
FIGURE 18. Charletonia rocciai Treat & Flechtmann, 1979 deutonymph. A: Junction between Ge I and Ti I; B: Junction between Ti I and Ta I; C: Ta I; D: Junction between Ge II and Ti II; E: Junction between Ti II and Ta II; F: Tarsi-palp; G: Dorsal Setae; H: Ventral Setae. Scales: 25 µm.
FIGURE 19 in Multi-instar descriptions of cave dwelling Erythraeidae (Trombidiformes: Parasitengona) employing an integrative approach
FIGURE 19. Charletonia rocciai Treat & Flechtmann, 1979 female. A: Idiosoma general view; B: Female genital and anal pore; C: Palp dorsal view, arrow head pointing to palp genu with weak punctuations; D: Palp ventral view; E: Gnathosoma ventral view; F: Gnathosoma dorsal view and crista; G: Eye and dorsal setae; H: Ti I and Ta I, with white lines pointing the relative position of the vestigiala (κ); Scale: A= 1000 µm; B= 100 µm; C,D,E, F and H= 200 µm; G= 50 µm.
FIGURE 17 in Multi-instar descriptions of cave dwelling Erythraeidae (Trombidiformes: Parasitengona) employing an integrative approach
FIGURE 17. Charletonia rocciai Treat & Flechtmann, 1979 deutonymph. A: General view. B: Detail from the dorsal part of the idiosoma showing the crista metopica. C: Ti I and Ta I. D: Gnathosoma and palp dorsal view. E: Gnathosoma and palp ventral view. Scales: A= 500 µm; B–E= 100 µm.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.