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983 results for “Lice”
FIGURES 39–50 in Neotropical jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) associated with plants of the tribe Detarieae (Leguminosae, Detarioideae)
FIGURES 39–50. Adult Colophorina spp.; 39–42, forewing; 43–46, head, dorsal view; 47–50, fore leg.—39, 43, 47, C. bororo sp. nov.; 40, 44, 48, C. guarani sp. nov.; 41, 45, 49, C. tapuio sp. nov.; 42, 46, 50, C. tupi sp. nov.—Scales 39–42 = 0.4 mm; 43–46 = 0.2 mm; 47–50 = 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 71–77 in Neotropical jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) associated with plants of the tribe Detarieae (Leguminosae, Detarioideae)
FIGURES 71–77. Jataiba spp.; 71, habitus adult, in profile; 72, 73, head, dorsal view; 74, 75, forewing; 76, male terminalia, in profile; 77, immature habitus, dorsal view.—71, 73, 75–77, J. uncigera sp. nov.; 72, 74, J. hymenaeae sp. nov.—Scales 61–70 = 0.05 mm; 71 = 0.05 mm; 72, 73 = 0.1 mm; 74, 75 = 0.4 mm; 76 = 0.2 mm; 77 = 1.0 mm.
FIGURES 1–10 in Neotropical jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) associated with plants of the tribe Detarieae (Leguminosae, Detarioideae)
FIGURES 1–10. Adult psyllids associated with Detarieae; 1, 3–6, head, dorsal view; 2, head, frontal view; 7–10, forewing.—1, Platycorypha scalprata sp. nov.; 2, P. pycnopeus sp. nov.; 3, Colophorina bororo sp. nov.; 4, 8, Apsyllopsis mexicana; 5, 9, Jataiba uncigera sp. nov.; 6, Mitrapsylla gloriae sp. nov.; 7, Colophorina tupi sp. nov.; 10, Mitrapsylla viridis sp. nov.—Scales 1–6 = 0.2 mm; scales 7–10 = 0.3 mm.
FIGURES 51–60 in Neotropical jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) associated with plants of the tribe Detarieae (Leguminosae, Detarioideae)
FIGURES 51–60. Terminalia and caudal plate of Colophorina spp.; 51–54, male terminalia, lateral view; 55–48, female terminalia, lateral view; 59, 60, caudal plate of last instar immature; ss = sectaseta.—51, 55, 59, C. bororo sp. nov.; 52, 56, C. guarani sp. nov.; 53, 57, C. tapuio sp. nov.; 54, 58, 60, C. tupi sp. nov.—Scales 51–54 = 0.1 mm; 55–58 = 0.1 mm; 59, 60 = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 78–95 in Neotropical jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) associated with plants of the tribe Detarieae (Leguminosae, Detarioideae)
FIGURES 78–95. Male proctiger, paramere and aedeagus of Jataiba spp.; 78–83, male proctiger, in profile; 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, inner face of paramere, in profile; 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, distal portion of aedeagus, in profile.—78, 84, 85, J. basifistula sp. nov.; 79, 86, 87, J. cearensis sp. nov.; 80, 88, 89, J. cognata sp. nov.; 81, 90, 91, J. hymenaeae sp. nov.; 82, 92, 93, J. incisa sp. nov.; 83, 94, 95, J. uncigera sp. nov.—Scales 78–83 = 0.1 mm; 84–95 = 0.05 mm.
FIGURES 22–26 in Neotropical jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) associated with plants of the tribe Detarieae (Leguminosae, Detarioideae)
FIGURES 22–26. Eggs of psyllids associated with Detarieae; 22, Apsyllopsis mexicana; 23, Colophorina guarani sp. nov.; 24, Platycorypha amazonica sp. nov.; 25, Jataiba uncigera sp. nov.; 26, Mitrapsylla sp.—Scales 0.2 mm; 24–26 = scale 26.
FIGURES 18‒25 in Jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) of Kerman, Iran, with the description of one new Cacopsylla species
FIGURES 18‒25. Cacopsylla paraspiculata sp. nov.: 18-19. Inner and outer surface of paramere, in profile. 20. Parameres, in rear view. 21. Distal segment of aedeagus, in profile. 22. Female terminalia, in profile. 23. Valvulae, in profile. 24. Habitus of male. 25. Habitus of female.
FIGURES 1‒5. 1. Colposcenia orientalis, Forewing. 2. Craspedolepta tadshikistanica, Forewing. 3 in Jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) of Kerman, Iran, with the description of one new Cacopsylla species
FIGURES 1‒5. 1. Colposcenia orientalis, Forewing. 2. Craspedolepta tadshikistanica, Forewing. 3. Cacopsylla paraspiculata sp. nov., Forewing. 4. Cacopsylla paraspiculata sp. n., Head. 5. Cacopsylla paraspiculata sp. nov., Male terminalia, in profile.
FIGURES 6‒11 in Jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) of Kerman, Iran, with the description of one new Cacopsylla species
FIGURES 6‒11. Colposcenia orientalis: 6. Male terminalia, in profile. 7-8. Inner and outer surface of paramere, in profile. 9. Distal segment of aedeagus, in profile. 10. Female terminalia, in profile. 11. Valvulae, in profile.
Psocodea Phylogenomic dataset from: Phylogenomics of parasitic and non-parasitic lice (Insecta: Psocodea): combining sequence data and Exploring compositional bias solutions in Next Generation Datasets
<p>This dataset includes all alignments used for the phylogenomic analysis of Psocodea. In this dataset, includes all result files of phylogenomic analyses completed. This includes maximum likelihood, astral, MCMCtree, quartet sampling, and all gene trees. Any relevant input files are included, and any materials are available upon request.</p> <p>The insect order Psocodea is a diverse lineage comprising both parasitic (Phthiraptera) and non-parasitic members (Psocoptera). The extreme age and ecological diversity of the group may be associated with major genomic changes, such as base compositional biases expected to affect phylogenetic inference. Divergent morphology between parasitic and non-parasitic members has also obscured the origins of parasitism within the order. We conducted a phylogenomic analysis on the order Psocodea utilizing both transcriptome and genome sequencing to obtain a data set of 2,370 orthologous genes. All phylogenomic analyses, including both concatenated and coalescent methods suggest a single origin of parasitism within the order Psocodea, resolving conflicting results from previous studies. This phylogeny allows us to propose a stable ordinal level classification scheme that retains significant taxonomic names present in historical scientific literature and reflects the evolution of the group as a whole. A dating analysis, with internal nodes calibrated by fossil evidence, suggests an origin of parasitism that predates the K-Pg boundary. Nucleotide compositional biases are detected in third and first codon positions and result in the anomalous placement of the Amphientometae as sister to Psocomorpha when all nucleotide sites are analyzed. Likelihood-mapping and quartet sampling methods demonstrate that base compositional biases can also have an effect on quartet-based methods.</p>
Data from: Size matters for lice on birds: coevolutionary allometry of host and parasite body size
Body size is one of the most fundamental characteristics of all organisms. It influences physiology, morphology, behavior, and even interspecific interactions such as those between parasites and their hosts. Host body size influences the magnitude and variability of parasite size according to Harrison's Rule (HR: positive relationship between host and parasite body sizes) and Poulin's Increasing Variance Hypothesis (PIVH: positive relationship between host body size and the variability of parasite body size). We analyzed parasite-host body size allometry for 581 species of avian lice (~15% of known diversity) and their hosts. We applied phylogenetic generalized least squares methods to account for phylogenetic non-independence controlling for host and parasite phylogenies separately and variance heterogeneity. We tested HR and PIVH for the major families of avian lice (Ricinidae, Menoponidae, Philopteridae), and for distinct ecological guilds within Philopteridae. Our data indicate that most families and guilds of avian lice follow both HR and PIVH; however, Ricinids did not follow PIVH and the "body lice" guild of Philopterid lice did not follow HR or PIVH. We discuss mathematical and ecological factors that may be responsible for these patterns, and we discuss the potential pervasiveness of these relationships among all parasites on Earth.
Data from: Integrating phylogenomic and population genomic patterns in avian lice provides a more complete picture of parasite evolution
Parasite diversity accounts for most of the biodiversity on earth, and is shaped by many processes (e.g. cospeciation, host-switching). To identify the effects of the processes that shape parasite diversity, it is ideal to incorporate both deep (phylogenetic) and shallow (population) perspectives. To this end, we developed a novel workflow to obtain phylogenetic and population genetic data from whole genome sequences of body lice parasitizing New World ground-doves. Phylogenies from these data showed consistent, highly resolved species-level relationships for the lice. By comparing the louse and ground-dove phylogenies, we found that over long-term evolutionary scales their phylogenies were largely congruent. Many louse lineages (both species and populations) also demonstrated high host-specificity, suggesting ground-dove divergence is a primary driver of their parasites' diversity. However, the few louse taxa that are generalists are structured according to biogeography at the population level. This suggests dispersal among sympatric hosts has some effect on body louse diversity, but over deeper time scales the parasites eventually sort according to host species. Overall, our results demonstrate that multiple factors explain the patterns of diversity in this group of parasites, and that the effects of these factors can vary over different evolutionary scales. The integrative approach we employed was crucial for uncovering these patterns, and should be broadly applicable to other studies.
Data from: Biogeography and host-related factors trumps parasite life-history: limited congruence among the genetic structures of specific ectoparasitic lice and their rodent hosts
Parasites and hosts interact across both micro- and macroevolutionary scales where congruence among their phylogeographic and phylogenetic structures may be observed. Within southern Africa, the four-striped mouse genus, Rhabdomys, is parasitized by the ectoparasitic sucking louse, Polyplax arvicanthis. Molecular data recently suggested the presence of two cryptic species within P. arvicanthis that are sympatrically distributed across the distributions of four putative Rhabdomys species. We tested the hypotheses of phylogeographic congruence and cophylogeny among the two parasite lineages and the four host taxa, utilizing mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. Despite the documented host-specificity of P. arvicanthis, limited phylogeographic correspondence and nonsignificant cophylogeny was observed. Instead, the parasite–host evolutionary history is characterized by limited codivergence and several duplication, sorting and host-switching events. Despite the elevated mutational rates found for P. arvicanthis, the spatial genetic structure was not more pronounced in the parasite lineages compared with the hosts. These findings may be partly attributed to larger effective population sizes of the parasite lineages, the vagility and social behaviour of Rhabdomys, and the lack of host-specificity observed in areas of host sympatry. Further, the patterns of genetic divergence within parasite and host lineages may also be largely attributed to historical biogeographic changes (expansion-contraction cycles). It is thus evident that the association between P. arvicanthis and Rhabdomys has been shaped by the synergistic effects of parasite traits, host-related factors and biogeography over evolutionary time.
FIGURES 1–4. Myrsidea yoshizawai. 1, Entire dorsoventral male. 2, Male genital sac sclerite. 3, Male genitalia. 4 in Four new species of Myrsidea Waterston chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from the Malagasy warblers (Passeriformes)
FIGURES 1–4. Myrsidea yoshizawai. 1, Entire dorsoventral male. 2, Male genital sac sclerite. 3, Male genitalia. 4, Female metanotum and dorsoventral abdomen.
FIGURE 12–15. Myrsidea mcleannanii n in Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) from typical antbirds and ground antbirds (Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae, Formicariidae) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of three new species of the genera Formicaphagus and Myrsidea
FIGURE 12–15. Myrsidea mcleannanii n. sp. 12—male genitalia; 13—male genitalia sclerite; M. klimesi n. sp. 14—male genitalia; 15—male genitalia sclerite. Scales 0.10 mm (Figs 12, 14), 0.05 mm (Figs 13, 15).
FIGURE 8–11. Myrsidea mcleannanii n in Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) from typical antbirds and ground antbirds (Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae, Formicariidae) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of three new species of the genera Formicaphagus and Myrsidea
FIGURE 8–11. Myrsidea mcleannanii n. sp. 8—female; 9—prosternal plate; M. klimesi n. sp. 10—female; 11 —prosternal plate. Scales 1 mm (Figs 8, 10), 0.10 mm (Figs 9, 11).
FIGURE 1–4. Formicaphagus tyrannina n in Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) from typical antbirds and ground antbirds (Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae, Formicariidae) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of three new species of the genera Formicaphagus and Myrsidea
FIGURE 1–4. Formicaphagus tyrannina n. sp. 1—male; 2—male genitalia; 3—female; 4—female ventral terminalia; 5—dorsal anterior plate; 6—7 Dorsal anterior plate: 6—F. donpetersi; 7—F. arnoldi. Scales 1 mm (Figs 1, 3), 0.01 mm (Figs 5–7), 0.05 mm (Figs 2, 4).
FIGURES 5–9. Myrsidea larvatae. 5 in Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) from buntings, cardinals and tanagers (Passeriformes: Emberizidae, Cardinalidae, Thraupidae) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of two new species of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae)
FIGURES 5–9. Myrsidea larvatae. 5, Female dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen. 6, Male genital sac sclerite. 7–9. M. mitrospingi. 7, Male. 8, Male genitalia. 9, Male genitalia sac sclerite.
FIGURES 1–4. Myrsidea poliogasteri. 1 in Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) from buntings, cardinals and tanagers (Passeriformes: Emberizidae, Cardinalidae, Thraupidae) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of two new species of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae)
FIGURES 1–4. Myrsidea poliogasteri. 1, Female dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen. 2, Male. 3, Male genitalia. 4, Male genital sac sclerite.
FIGURES 3–7 in Chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from parrots and parakeets of the genera Cyanoliseus and Enicognathus in Chile and Argentina, with descriptions of a new species
FIGURES 3–7. Paragoniocotes enicognathidis sp. nov. 3 and 4 male left antenna, dorsal and frontal views (arrows indicate lappet-like projection on distal posterior margin of segments III and V), 5 and 6 male external genitalia (5 whole view, dorsal and ventral, arrow shows caudal portion of endomeral complex folded in resting position; 6 photograph of the endomeral complex, arrow shows caudal portion of endomeral complex spread in activity), 7 female vulva and spinelike adjacent setae.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.