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FIGURE 6 in Two new and potentially highly threatened Megophrys Horned frogs (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Indochina's highest mountains

FIGURE 6. Megophrys fansipanensis sp. nov. in situ. (A) Unvouchered calling male, (B) type locality at 2242 m asl, Mount Fansipan, Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam, (C) 2714 m asl, Mount Fansipan, Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam, and (D) garbage and gravel quarrying at 2714 m asl, Mount Fansipan, Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam.

FIGURE 9 in Two new and potentially highly threatened Megophrys Horned frogs (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Indochina's highest mountains

FIGURE 9. Megophrys hoanglienensis sp. nov. in preservative (holotype VNMN 2018.02). (A) Dorsal view, (B) ventral view. 10 mm scale bar.

FIGURE 2. A in Two new and potentially highly threatened Megophrys Horned frogs (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Indochina's highest mountains

FIGURE 2. A maximum likelihood tree for ~550 bp section of 16S (mtDNA) gene for Megophrys fansipanensis sp. nov. and Megophrys hoanglienensis sp. nov. along with representatives of all Panophrys species for which comparative sequences are available. Representatives of all other subgenera are included as outgroups. Node support indicated on the tree; <70 not given, ± 70 = grey and 1.00 = black.

FIGURE 4 in Two new and potentially highly threatened Megophrys Horned frogs (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Indochina's highest mountains

FIGURE 4. Megophrys fansipanensis sp. nov. in preservative (holotype VNMN 2018.01). (A) Lateral view of head, (B) palmar surface of right hand, and (C) plantar surface of left foot. 5 mm scale bar.

FIGURE 1 in Two new and potentially highly threatened Megophrys Horned frogs (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Indochina's highest mountains

FIGURE 1. Distribution of Megophrys fansipanensis sp. nov. in the Hoang Lien Range, northern Vietnam.

FIGURE 8 in Two new and potentially highly threatened Megophrys Horned frogs (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Indochina's highest mountains

FIGURE 8. Distribution of Megophrys hoanglienensis sp. nov. on Mount Fansipan, Mount Ky Quan San and Che Tao Commune, northern Vietnam.

FIGURE 10 in A new species of the genus Megophrys Gunther, 1864 (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Mount Wuyi, China

FIGURE 10. Examples of variation in the dorsal pattern, which usually resembles a "Y" or asymmetrical "X." Clockwise from upper left: specimen #: HM208970, NJFU2015201, WUYI2015101, HM208971, HM208972.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of the genus Megophrys Gunther, 1864 (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Mount Wuyi, China

FIGURE 3. Majority-rule consensus tree recovered through concatenated Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses of the 16S and 12S mitochondrial loci. For a full listing of samples in the analysis, including outgroup taxa in collapsed nodes, see Supplementary Materials Table S1. Nodal support values are listed as posterior probabilities (BI) above bootstrap support (ML). Well-supported nodes (<0.95 / <95) are denoted with a black dot. Support values on nodes with very low support (>0.15 />10) are omitted. Where BI and ML analyses did not recover the same topology, the figure defaults to the BI topology with bootstrap value omitted.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of the genus Megophrys Gunther, 1864 (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Mount Wuyi, China

FIGURE 6. Representative advertisement call of Megophrys boettgeri from the study area at ~20°C ambient air temperature (i) 10 s waveform of relative amplitude (Rel. amp.) over time, (ii) waveform and (iii) corresponding 2 s spectrogram of call expanded from first section shown in i.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of the genus Megophrys Gunther, 1864 (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Mount Wuyi, China

FIGURE 1. Location of Wuyishan, the type locality, represented by black star in southeastern China, as well as the localities of the closest related species to M. ombrophila sp. nov.: M. obesa represented by the black circle, and M. sp. nov. 8 and 9 per Liu et al. (2018) represented by the black square.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of the genus Megophrys Gunther, 1864 (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Mount Wuyi, China

FIGURE 5. Waveform and spectrogram of advertisement call of NJFU2015502 in captivity, in response to the original call from the field.

FIGURE 9. A in A new species of the genus Megophrys Gunther, 1864 (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Mount Wuyi, China

FIGURE 9. A. View of the adult male holotype WUY2014201 of Megophrys ombrophila sp. nov. in life, among leaf litter. B: Dorsolateral view of the holotype in life. C: Hand of the holotype. D: Dorsal view of holotype in preservation. E: Ventral view of holotype in preservation. F: Foot of the holotype. G: Close up view of supraocular tubercles and supratympanic fold (HM 208556). H. Phenotypic variation within the species (WUYI2014102). I. Specimen found by JHY (HM171540) in May 2012.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of the genus Megophrys Gunther, 1864 (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Mount Wuyi, China

FIGURE 7. Representative advertisement call of Megophrys kuatunensis from the study area at ~20°C ambient air temperature (i) 10 s waveform of relative amplitude (Rel. amp.) over time, (ii) waveform and (iii) corresponding 2 s spectrogram of call expanded from first section shown in i.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of the genus Megophrys Gunther, 1864 (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Mount Wuyi, China

FIGURE 4. Advertisement call of Megophrys ombrophila sp. nov. from the field at ~20°C ambient air temperature (i) 10 s waveform of relative amplitude (Rel. amp.) over time, (ii) waveform and (iii) corresponding 2 s spectrogram of call expanded from first section shown in i.

FIGURE 10 in A new species of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Borneo allied to M. nasuta (Schlegel, 1858)

FIGURE 10. Non-vouchered specimens Megophrys kalimantanensis sp. nov. from Tama-on waterfall in Meratus Mountain Range, showing inguinal amplexus position.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Borneo allied to M. nasuta (Schlegel, 1858)

FIGURE 7. Lateral, ventral right foot and ventral right hand views of female paratype of Megophrys kalimantanensis sp. nov., (A) MZB. Amph 25728 (SVLh 112.5 mm) and (B) MZB. Amph 21487 (SVLh 59.6). Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Borneo allied to M. nasuta (Schlegel, 1858)

FIGURE 5. Dorsal (A), ventral (B), lateral head (C), ventral right hand (D) and ventral right foot (E) views of male holotype of Megophrys kalimantanensis sp. nov. (MZB. Amph 31765 (SVLh 91.0 mm). Scale bar = 10 mm (A−B) and 5 mm (C−E).

FIGURE 4. A in A new species of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Borneo allied to M. nasuta (Schlegel, 1858)

FIGURE 4. A male holotype of Megophrys kalimantanensis sp. nov. (MZB. Amph 31765, SVLh 91.0 mm) in life.

FIGURE 8 in A new species of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Borneo allied to M. nasuta (Schlegel, 1858)

FIGURE 8. Lateral (A, D), dorsal (B, E) and ventral (C, F) views of Megophrys kalimantanensis sp. nov. tadpoles (A−C) MZB. Amph 30511.1, stage 36 and (D−F) KUHE 53577, stage 45. Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Borneo allied to M. nasuta (Schlegel, 1858)

FIGURE 3. Plot of the first-two principal component with convex hull within two populations of adult male (A) and female (B) Megophrys spp. based on the size-corrected morphometric variables, blue (Megophrys kalimantanensis sp. nov.) and gray (Megophrys nasuta) (loading scores of the characters, see table 3).