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FIGURES 12–16. 12 in Two new neotropical genera of the shore-fly tribe Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae)

FIGURES 12–16. 12. External male terminalia (epandrium, cerci, surstylar plate), posterior view. 13. Same, lateral view. 14. Enlargement (ca. 50%) of surstylus, lateral view (Chile. Palo Colorado). 15. Same, lateral view (Chile. Rio Bueno, N of Orsono). 16. Same, lateral view (Chile. Termas de Puyehue).

FIGURES 1–6 in Two new neotropical genera of the shore-fly tribe Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae)

FIGURES 1–6. Paraephydra freitasi (Oliveira). 1. Head, anteroblique view. 2. Thorax, dorsal view. 3. External male terminalia (epandrium, cerci, surstylar plate), posterior view. 4. Same, lateral view. 5. Enlargement (ca. 50%) of surstylus, lateral view. 6. Internal male terminalia (fused hypandrium, gonite, aedeagus).

FIGURES 7–10 in Two new neotropical genera of the shore-fly tribe Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae)

FIGURES 7–10. Paraephydra stauros, sp. nov. 7. External male terminalia (epandrium, cerci, surstylar plate), posterior view. 8. Same, lateral view. 9 Enlargement (ca. 50%) of surstylus, lateral view. 10. Internal male terminalia (fused hypandrium, gonite, aedeagus).

FIGURE 3. Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986 in Description of the immature stages of Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) and an updated key to larvae of Neotropical Leptoceridae genera

FIGURE 3. Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986. Pupa: A—labrum and mandibles, dorsal; B—hook plates IIIa–Va, dorsal and lateral; C—hook plates VIa, dorsal; D—hook plate Vp, dorsal; E—abdominal segment IX and anal processes, lateral; F— same, dorsal; G— same, ventral.

FIGURE 4 in Description of the immature stages of Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) and an updated key to larvae of Neotropical Leptoceridae genera

FIGURE 4. Simplified illustrations of the known Neotropical leptocerid genera. A—Grumichella, metanotum (modified from Holzenthal 1988b); B—Nectopsyche, metanotum (modified from Wiggins 1996); C—Hudsonema flaminii, metanotum (modified from Holzenthal 1986b); D—Triplectides, pronotum (modified from Holzenthal 1988a); E—Notalina, metanotum; F—Triplectides, hind leg (modified from Holzenthal 1988a); G—Amazonatolica hamadae, hind leg (modified from Holzenthal & Pes 2004).

FIGURE 2. Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986 in Description of the immature stages of Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) and an updated key to larvae of Neotropical Leptoceridae genera

FIGURE 2. Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986. Larva: A–head, dorsal; B–mandibles; C–head, ventral, without mandibles; D–thorax, dorsal; E–metasternum, ventral.

FIGURE 5 in Description of the immature stages of Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) and an updated key to larvae of Neotropical Leptoceridae genera

FIGURE 5. Simplified illustrations of the known Neotropical leptocerid genera. A—Atanatolica, anal proleg (modified from Holzenthal 1988b); B—Grumichella, anal proleg (modified from Holzenthal 1988b); C—Oecetis, head, dorsal; D—Amphoropsyche, fore tibia and tarsus (modified from Holzenthal 1986c); E—Triaenodes, lateral hump sclerite of abdominal segment I (modified from Holzenthal & Andersen 2004); F—Nectopsyche, lateral hump sclerite of abdominal segment I (modified from Holzenthal 1995); G—Brachysetodes, lateral hump sclerite of abdominal segment I (modified from Holzenthal 1985).

FIGURE 1. Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986 in Description of the immature stages of Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) and an updated key to larvae of Neotropical Leptoceridae genera

FIGURE 1. Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986. Larva: A—larval case; B—larval body, legs removed, lateral; inset, lateral sclerite of abdominal segment I enlarged; C—foreleg; D—middle leg; E—hind leg; F—abdominal segments IX and X, showing tergite IX, dorsal; G—abdominal proleg and anal claw, lateral.

FIGURE 15 in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 15. Geographic distribution of the species of Plutofoenus, Spinolafoenus and Trilobitofoenus.

FIGURE 9 in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 9. First metasomal segment in ventral view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b: Plutofoenus edwardsi. S2: first metasomal sternum; T2: first metasomal tergum. Without scale. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 14 in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 14. Propodeum and metacoxa in dorsal view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b–c: Plutofoenus edwardsi; d: Gasteruption sp. I; e: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; f: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 10 in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 10. Subgenital sternum in ventral view. a: notched, Y-shaped; b: notched, V-shaped; c: simple. Without scale. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 8 in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 8. Propleuron in ventral view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni. Without scale. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 12 in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 12. Mesonotum in dorsal view. a: Plutofoenus chaeturus; b: P. e d w a rd s i; c: P. paraguayensis; d: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; e: Trilobitofoenus alvarengai; f: T. plaumanni; g: T. sericeus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 7. a–b in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 7. a–b: Left fore wing (scale bar: 1.0 mm). a: Pseudofoenus infumatus; b: Gasteruption bispinosum; c–h: Left fore wing discal cell (without scale); c: G. bispinosum; d: G. p a r v u m; e: Plutofoenus edwardsi; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni; h: T. alvarengai. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic

FIGURE 5. a–b in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 5. a–b: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni habitus. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 6. a–g in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 6. a–g: Head in anterior view. a: Aulacus sp. A; b: Pseudofoenus infumatus; c: Gasteruption bispinosum; d: G. nasutum (without scale); e: Plutofoenus edwardsi; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni; h–i: Left mandible in frontal view (without scale). h: G. bispinosum; i: Plutofoenus edwardsi. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 4. a–b in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 4. a–b: Spinolafoenus ruficornis habitus. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 2. a–c in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 2. a–c: Gasteruption bispinosum, delimitation of the measurements and some characters of cladistic analysis. a: lateral view; b: head in dorsal view; c: propleuron in ventral view; d: Gasteruption nasutum, left hind tarsus. Measurements: Head: i: head length; ii: eye length; iii: malar space height; iv: distance between posterior ocellus and occipital margin (dorsal view); v: distance between posterior ocelli (dorsal view); vi: scape length; vii: pedicel length; viii: first flagellomere length; ix: second flagellomere length; Mesosoma: x: propleuron length; xi: propleuron width (ventral view); xii: mesosoma length (excluding propleuron); xiii: mesosoma height (distance between metasoma insertion and base of middle coxa); xiv: pronotum length (distance between anterior margin of pronotum and tegula); xv: distance between anterior margin of pronotum and metasoma insertion; xvi: hind coxa length; xvii: hind coxa width; xviii: hind femur length; xix: hind tibia length; xx: hind tibia width; xxi: hind first tarsomere length; Metasoma: xxii: metasoma length; xxiii: ovipositor sheath length; xxiv: body length (measurements i+x+xv+xxii). The following ratios were used in the species descriptions: xxiv/xxiii, i/ii, ii/iii, iv/v, viii/vi, viii/vii, viii/ix, xii/xiii, x/xi, x/xiv; xvi/xvii, xix/xx, xix/xviii, xix/xxi, xxii/xii, and xxiii/xxii. Arabic numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 1 in Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer

FIGURE 1. Most parsimonious tree for the cladistic analysis of Gasteruptiinae (length=116 steps; CI=0.448, RI=0.806). Character numbers are above circles and respective synapomorphic states are below circles; black circles indicate exclusive synapomorphies and white circles indicate shared synapomorphies or reversions. Absolute Bremer support values are given between parentheses. AT: Afrotropical; AU: Australasian-continental; AU-NG: Australasian-Papua- New Guinea; NA: Nearctic; NT: Neotropical; PA: Paleartic; OR: Oriental.