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Fig. 5 in Astyanax goyanensis (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1944), new combination and Astyanax courensis, new species (Ostariophysi: Characiformes): two Characidae from the upper rio Tocantins basin, Central Brazil

Fig. 5. Astyanax courensis, new species, UFRGS 11499, holotype, female, 54.2 mm SL; rio dos Couros at Parque Portal da Chapada, tributary of rio Tocantinzinho, upper rio Tocantins basin, Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Goiás State, Brazil.

Fig. 6 in A redescription of Astyanax gymnodontus (Eigenmann, 1911), new combination, a polymorphic characid fish from the rio Iguaçu basin, Brazil

Fig. 6. Map of Southern Brazil and adjoining countries showing the geographic distribution of Astyanax gymnodontus in the rio Iguaçu basin (rectangle in focus). Bold lines are national borders. Squares = examined material; triangles = distribution showed by Severi & Cordeiro (1994); and dot = type-locality of Psalidodon gymnodontus. Some symbols represent more than one lot or locality.

Fig. 3 in A redescription of Astyanax gymnodontus (Eigenmann, 1911), new combination, a polymorphic characid fish from the rio Iguaçu basin, Brazil

Fig. 3. Plots of scores obtained by canonical discriminant analysis of all measurements from the three morphotypes.

Fig. 5 in A redescription of Astyanax gymnodontus (Eigenmann, 1911), new combination, a polymorphic characid fish from the rio Iguaçu basin, Brazil

Fig. 5. Some examples of dental and lip polymorphisms displayed by Astyanax gymnodontus, with the number of the lot (all of NUP collection), SL in mm, and the number of premaxillary teeth in the outer row, on the left and right sides (in parentheses). Left column, well-developed lips: (a) 1583, 65.2 (0-0), (b) 4062, 97.1 (1-0), (c) 1653, 64.2 (1-1), (d) 618, 128.5 (1-3), (e) 3766, 97.5, (2-1), (f) 1643, 105.4 (2-3), (g) 3686, 92.2 (4-3), (h) 2719, 99.9 (4-4); middle column, ill-developed lips: (i) 2297, 53.8 (0-1), (j) 1582, 93.2 (0-2), (k) 1582, 85,2 (0-3), (l) 4348, 80.1 (1-1), (m) 2050, 66.2 (1-2), (n) 1579, 72.0 (1-3), (o) 1643, 99.0 (3-3), (p) 635, 65.4 (3-4); right column, lacking lips: (q) 1583, 99.9 (0-0), (r) 3766, 100.2 (1-0), (s) 1583, 98.0 (2-0), (t) 1579, 75.1 (3-0), (u) 3707, 68.0 (1-1), (v) 3037, 97.4 (2-2), (w) 1583, 80.4 (4-4).

Fig. 2 in A redescription of Astyanax gymnodontus (Eigenmann, 1911), new combination, a polymorphic characid fish from the rio Iguaçu basin, Brazil

Fig. 2. Plots of scores obtained by principal components analysis of all measurements from the three morphotypes.

Fig. 1 in A redescription of Astyanax gymnodontus (Eigenmann, 1911), new combination, a polymorphic characid fish from the rio Iguaçu basin, Brazil

Fig. 1. Landmarks (letters) determined for delimiting trusses, and measurements (numbers) between them (adapted from Fowler, 1948). Descriptions of measurements are provided in Table 1.

Fig. 4 in A redescription of Astyanax gymnodontus (Eigenmann, 1911), new combination, a polymorphic characid fish from the rio Iguaçu basin, Brazil

Fig. 4. Astyanax gymnodontus, (a) "Astyanax sp. F" morphotype NUP 4122, 92.3 mm SL, Salto Santiago Reservoir; (b) "Psalidodon sp." morphotype NUP 3707, 110.6 mm SL, Jordão Reservoir; and (c) "P. gymnodontus" morphotype NUP 4062, 91.0 mm SL, rio Jordão.

Figure 9 in Combined phylogenetic analysis of a new North American fossil species confirms widespread Eocene distribution for stem rollers (Aves, Coracii)

Figure 9. Strict consensus cladogram of 24 most parsimonious trees (length = 345; consistency index = 0.499; retention index = 0.474; rescaled consistency index = 0.237) from the analysis using the morphological data set. Bootstrap support values are presented above and Bremer support values are presented below the branch they refer to. Note that the crown clade Coracioidea (Coraciidae + Brachypteraciidae) is not labelled; the position of Geranopterus alatus with respect to this clade is unresolved. †, extinct taxa; NA, North American Coracii.

Figure 6 in Combined phylogenetic analysis of a new North American fossil species confirms widespread Eocene distribution for stem rollers (Aves, Coracii)

Figure 6. Distal wing elements of Paracoracias in dorsal view. Anatomical abbreviations: I:1, left manual phalanx I:1; II:1, manual phalanx II:1; II:2, manual phalanx II:2; cmc, carpometacarpus; r, radius; u, ulna; ul, ulnare.

Figure 4 in Combined phylogenetic analysis of a new North American fossil species confirms widespread Eocene distribution for stem rollers (Aves, Coracii)

Figure 4. Cervical series, thoracic region, and sacrum of Paracoracias. Anatomical abbreviations: c, coracoid; cev, cervical vertebrae; f, frontal; fe, femur; fu, furcula; h, humerus; i, ischium; k, keel; lp, lateral process of sternum; p, pubis; r, radius; s, scapulae; sa, sacrum; u, ulna; up, uncinate processes.

Figure 2 in Combined phylogenetic analysis of a new North American fossil species confirms widespread Eocene distribution for stem rollers (Aves, Coracii)

Figure 2. Holotype specimen of Paracoracias occidentalis (AMNH 30572). Anatomical abbreviations: II:1, manual phalanx II:1; cev, cervical vertebrae; cmc, carpometacarpus; cv, caudal vertebrae; f, frontal; fe, femur; h, humerus; k, keel; lp, lateral process of sternum; m, mandible; pe, pelvis; pmx, premaxilla; r, radius; s, scapulae; tbt, tibiotarsus; tmt, tarsometatarsus; u, ulna.

Figure 5 in Combined phylogenetic analysis of a new North American fossil species confirms widespread Eocene distribution for stem rollers (Aves, Coracii)

Figure 5. Pectoral girdle and limbs of Paracoracias. Anatomical abbreviations: I:1, manual phalanx I:1; II:1, manual phalanx II:1; II:2, manual phalanx II:2; c, coracoid; cmc, carpometacarpus; fu, furcula; h, humerus; lp, lateral process of sternum; r, radius; s, scapulae; t, tracheal ring; tbt, tibiotarsus; u, ulna; ul, ulnare.

Figure 3 in Combined phylogenetic analysis of a new North American fossil species confirms widespread Eocene distribution for stem rollers (Aves, Coracii)

Figure 3. Skull of Paracoracias. Anatomical abbreviations: cv, caudal vertebrae; f, frontal; hy, hyoid; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, mandible; na, naris; pal, palatine; pmx, premaxilla; por, postorbital process; pt, pterygoid; py, pygostyle; scl, sclerotic ring.

Figure 7 in Combined phylogenetic analysis of a new North American fossil species confirms widespread Eocene distribution for stem rollers (Aves, Coracii)

Figure 7. Pelvic limb of Paracoracias in lateral view. Anatomical abbreviations: I:1, pedal phalanx I:1; II:1, pedal phalanx II:1; fb, fibula; fe, femur; h, humerus; tbt, tibiotarsus; tmt, tarsometatarsus; u, ulna.

Figure 8 in Combined phylogenetic analysis of a new North American fossil species confirms widespread Eocene distribution for stem rollers (Aves, Coracii)

Figure 8. Strict consensus cladogram of two most parsimonious trees (length = 4882; consistency index = 0.424; retention index = 0.798; rescaled consistency index = 0.340) from the combined analysis using all morphological and sequence data (ND2, RAG-1, and c-myc). Bootstrap support values are presented above and Bremer support values are presented below the branch they refer to. Note that the crown clade Coracioidea (Coraciidae + Brachypteraciidae) is not labelled; the position of Geranopterus alatus with respect to this clade is unresolved. †, extinct taxa; NA, North American Coracii.

Figures 45–52. Callanga ashaninka. 45–48 in Notes, new records, new combinations, a new genus and three new species in Hemilophini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)

Figures 45–52. Callanga ashaninka. 45–48) Holotype male. 45) Dorsal habitus. 46) Ventral habitus. 47) Lateral habitus. 48) Head, frontal view. 49–52) Paratype female. 49) Dorsal habitus. 50) Ventral habitus. 51) Lateral habitus. 52) Distal antennomeres.

Figures 34–44. Callanga and Lapazina spp. 34–36 in Notes, new records, new combinations, a new genus and three new species in Hemilophini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)

Figures 34–44. Callanga and Lapazina spp. 34–36) Callanga tenebrosa, paratype female. 34) Dorsal habitus. 35) Lateral habitus. 36) Distal antennomeres. 37–39) Callanga trichocera, paratype female. 37) Dorsal habitus. 38) Lateral habitus. 39) Distal antennomeres. 40) Callanga trichocera, paratype male, dorsal habitus. 41–43) Lapazina fuscipennis, female. 41) Dorsal habitus. 42) Lateral habitus. 43) Distal antennomeres. 44) Lapazina fuscipennis, male, dorsal habitus.

Figures 13–16. Schmidarius kondratieffi, holotype female. 13 in Notes, new records, new combinations, a new genus and three new species in Hemilophini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)

Figures 13–16. Schmidarius kondratieffi, holotype female. 13) Dorsal habitus. 14) Ventral habitus. 15) Lateral habitus. 16) Head, frontal view.

Figures 17–28. Males. 17–18 in Notes, new records, new combinations, a new genus and three new species in Hemilophini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)

Figures 17–28. Males. 17–18) Phoebe alba. 17) Eye and gena. 18) Metatarsus. 19) Phoebe cava, eye and gena. 20) Phoebe mafra, holotype, eye and gena. 21–22) Phoebe cornuta. 21) Eye and gena. 22) Metatarsus. 23–24) Phoebe goiana, holotype. 23) Eye and gena. 24) Metatarsus. 25–26) Phoebe bicornis. 25) Eye and gena. 26) Metatarsus.

Figures 7–12. Lamacoscylus humilis. 7–9 in Notes, new records, new combinations, a new genus and three new species in Hemilophini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)

Figures 7–12. Lamacoscylus humilis. 7–9) Male. 7) Dorsal habitus. 8) Ventral habitus. 9) Antennomere III. 10–12) Female. 10) Dorsal habitus. 11) Ventral habitus. 12) Antennomere III.