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FIGURE 3. Corybas kaiganganianus. A. Habit. B. Flower lateral view. C. Dorsal sepal, flattened. D. Cataphyll, flattened. E. Floral bract, flattened. F in Corybas kaiganganianus (Orchidaceae), a new, rare helmet orchid from Samar Island, Philippines
FIGURE 3. Corybas kaiganganianus. A. Habit. B. Flower lateral view. C. Dorsal sepal, flattened. D. Cataphyll, flattened. E. Floral bract, flattened. F. Column, showing pollinarium and stigma. G. Column lateral view, showing anther cap. H. Leaf. (Illustration by Danilo N. Tandang).
FIGURE 2. Corybas kaiganganianus. A. Habitat. B–C in Corybas kaiganganianus (Orchidaceae), a new, rare helmet orchid from Samar Island, Philippines
FIGURE 2. Corybas kaiganganianus. A. Habitat. B–C. Plant in natural habitat. D. Base of the labellum showing the four-ridged ovary, conical spurs, lateral sepals emerging between the conical spur and the lateral petals. E. Lateral view of sterile plant. F. Cataphyll. G. Front view at anthesis. H. Lateral view at anthesis. I. Back view at anthesis. J. Top view at anthesis. K. Back view of labellum. L. View of the hairs at the labellum. M. Labellum flattened abaxial view. N. Labellum flattened adaxial view. (Photography by MD delos Angeles.)
FIGURE 1 in Corybas kaiganganianus (Orchidaceae), a new, rare helmet orchid from Samar Island, Philippines
FIGURE 1. Type locality of Corybas kaiganganianus on Samar Island, Philippines (generated by Ren Divien Obeña using QGIS).
FIGURE 2. A-B in Taxonomical remarks on Promenaea microptera (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae): the rediscovery of a poorly known micro-endemic orchid from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 2. A-B: Flowering specimens of Promenaea microptera Reichenbach in Nova Friburgo, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Photographed by Jorge Rodrigues Gastin.
FIGURE 1 in A new mycorrhizal species of Ceratobasidium (Ceratobasidiaceae) associated with roots of the epiphytic orchid Gomesa recurva from Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 1. Bayesian phylogenetic tree inferred with alignment of the nucleotide sequences of the ITS region. Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP≥0.95) and Maximum Likelihood boostrap support (ML≥60) are indicated at the nodes (PP/ML). The isolates in this study are highlighted in bold. Type strains of species are indicated after to the culture collection number (T). The tree was rooted with Waitea circinata IMI 375117.
FIGURE 2. Ceratobasidium gomesae COAD 3147 in A new mycorrhizal species of Ceratobasidium (Ceratobasidiaceae) associated with roots of the epiphytic orchid Gomesa recurva from Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 2. Ceratobasidium gomesae COAD 3147. (a) Three-day-old PDA culture; (b) Hyphae stained with SYBR Green I and Calcofluor showing binucleate cells (N = nuclei; S = septa); (c) Hyphae with branching at right angles; (d) Monilioid cell chains in CMA. Scale bars C and D = 20 µm; B = 25 µm.
Maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree of Argyrodes lanyuensis from Philippines and Orchid Island Taiwan using BEAST 1.10
<p>Oceanic islands are unique geographic systems that promote local adaptations and allopatric speciation in many of their highly endemic taxa. This is a common case in the Philippine Archipelago, where numerous unrelated taxa on islands have been inferred to have diversified in isolation. However, few cases have been reported in invertebrates especially among parasitic organisms. Here, we tested for biogeographical structure in novel populations of the "generalist" kleptoparasitic spider, <i>Argyrodes lanyuensis </i>Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 1998<span> in the Philippines</span>. Results showed that, in addition to Orchid Island, this species has a wide geographic distribution in the Philippine Archipelago. The estimated divergence time of this lineage using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (mt-CO1) suggests that this species diverged <i>ca</i> 3.12 MYA, during the Pliocene. Two reciprocal monophyletic clades were elucidated in <i>A. lanyuensis</i>, but with limited differentiation across Pleistocene Aggregate Island Complex (PAIC) boundaries and modern-day islands. However, in our analyses of morphological variation, we identified two phenotypically differentiated units in males (Orchid Island, Taiwan+Luzon, Philippine PAIC populations versus Palawan+West Visayan+Mindanao PAIC populations). We infer that this species diverged in the southern portion of the Philippine Archipelago and only recently colonized Orchid Island. Our study provides new information on the extensive distribution of <i>A. lanyuensis</i> outside Orchid Island, Taiwan, but we documented a very limited geographically associated genetic variation. Our study points to behavioral phenomena such as foraging behavior as essential contributor to the evolutionary process of species diversification, in contrast to the traditionally invoked geographic drivers of divergence.</p>
Subspecies and Distribution. C. r rapax G. M. Allen, 1923 — S China including the mainland (Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, and Guangxi) and Hainan I, adjacent N Myanmar, NE India (Meghalaya, but exact locality not known), and S Vietnam. It might have a larger range than currently recognized. C.r.kurodaiJameson&G.S.Jones,1977—Taiwan1 C.r.lutaoensisFangYinping&LeeLingling,2002—GreenI(Lutao),offSETaiwanI. C. r. tadae Tokuda & Kano, 1936 — Orchid I (Lanyu), off SE Taiwan I. in Soricidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C. r rapax G. M. Allen, 1923 — S China including the mainland (Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, and Guangxi) and Hainan I, adjacent N Myanmar, NE India (Meghalaya, but exact locality not known), and S Vietnam. It might have a larger range than currently recognized. C.r.kurodaiJameson&G.S.Jones,1977—Taiwan1 C.r.lutaoensisFangYinping&LeeLingling,2002—GreenI(Lutao),offSETaiwanI. C. r. tadae Tokuda & Kano, 1936 — Orchid I (Lanyu), off SE Taiwan I.
FIGURE 9. Uncifera acuminata. A. Flowering plants. B in New orchids in the flora of Vietnam (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae)
FIGURE 9. Uncifera acuminata. A. Flowering plants. B. Leaf, adaxial and abaxial side. C. Intact inflorescences. D. Intact flower, frontal view. E. Intact flower, side view. F. Separated flower, side view. G. Median sepal, abaxial and adaxial side. H. Lateral sepal, adaxial and abaxial side. I. Petal, abaxial and adaxial side. J. Separated lip, side, half side view and view from above. K. Flattened lip, view from above. L. Lip apex, adaxial side. M. Column, side view. N. Anther cap, side view. O. Pollinarium, side view. All photos by Truong Ba Vuong (BV 338), photo correction and design by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak.
FIGURE 7. Schoenorchis hungii. A. Intact flowering plant. B. Flattened flowering plant. C in New orchids in the flora of Vietnam (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae)
FIGURE 7. Schoenorchis hungii. A. Intact flowering plant. B. Flattened flowering plant. C. Portion of inflorescence with different magnification. D, E. Flower buds with intact floral bract. F. Flattened floral bract. G. Intact flowers, frontal and side views. H. Intact flower, view from below. I. Flower with median sepal removed, view from above. J. Flower with lateral sepal removed, side view. K. Flowers with lateral sepal and petal removed, side view. L. Flattened sepals and petals. M. Separated lip and column, view from above. N. Base of lip and column, view from above. O. Sagittal section of the flower. P. Anther cap, view from different sides. Q. Pollinarium, view from different sides. All photos, photo correction and design by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak (plant used for the preparation of the type herbarium specimen AL 410).
FIGURE 6. Malleola micrantha. A. Flowering plant, all leaves from adaxial side. B in New orchids in the flora of Vietnam (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae)
FIGURE 6. Malleola micrantha. A. Flowering plant, all leaves from adaxial side. B. Apical half of flowering plant, all leaves from abaxial side. C. Inflorescence. D. Leaves from adaxial and from abaxial side. E. Leaf apex, adaxial side. F. Instant flowers from different sides. G. Flattened sepals and petals. H. Pedicel, ovary, column and lip, side view. I. Separated lip, view from above. J. Lip, sagittal section. K. Pedicel, ovary and column, frontal and half side views. L. Anther cap, half side view and view from below. M. Pollinarium, view from different sides. All photos by Truong Ba Vuong from the type specimen (BV 407), photo correction and design by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak.
FIGURE 2 in New orchids in the flora of Vietnam (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae)
FIGURE 2. Cleisostoma equestre. Details of flower. A. Flower, half-side view. B. Flowers, side view. C. Flower, view from above. D. Flower, view from below. E. Flattened sepals and petals. F. Separated lip, view from above. G. Lip, tangential section, view from below (part with median lobe is removed). H. Lip, tangential section, view from above (part with side-lobes is removed). I. Lip, view from below. J. Separated lip, side view. K. Separated lip, sagittal section. L. Column, frontal view. M. Column, side view. N. Column with half-opened anther cap, pollinarium stipe removed. O. Column with opened anther cap and intact pollinarium. P. Anther cap, frontal view and vied from behind. Q. Pollinarium stipe, adaxial side. R. Pollinarium stipe, abaxial side. S. Pollinarium stipe, half-side view. T. Pollinia. All drawn from the specimen (AL 1123a) by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak).
FIGURE 1. Ascocentropsis malipoensis. A in New orchids in the flora of Vietnam (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae)
FIGURE 1. Ascocentropsis malipoensis. A. Flowering plant (AL 1295), B. Flower, half side view (AL 1187). Chiloschista parishii var. minutiflora. C. Inflorescence. D. Portion of inflorescence with fully open flowers (Nguyen Van Canh, Nguyen Hoang Tuan, s.n.). Chiloschista sweelimii. E–G. Flowering plant, inflorescence and flower, half side view (Nguyen Van Canh s.n.). Cleisostoma equestre. H. Flowering plant, I. Flower, frontal view (AL 1123a). Photos by Nguyen Phi Tam (A), L. Averyanov (B), Nguyen Van Canh (C, D, H, I), and anonymous photo (E–G).
FIGURE 5. Malleola micrantha. A. Flowering plant. B. Intact flower, half side view. C in New orchids in the flora of Vietnam (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae)
FIGURE 5. Malleola micrantha. A. Flowering plant. B. Intact flower, half side view. C. Flower, side view, lateral sepal and petal reflexed. D. Flower, frontal view. E. Separated lip, side view. F. Lip, sagittal section. G. Separated lip, view from above. H. Lip, tangential section, upper part removed. I. Anther cap, view from above and from below. J. Pollinarium, abaxial side. K. Pollinarium, adaxial side. L. Pollinarium stipe, adaxial side, pollinia removed. All drawn from the type specimen (BV 407) by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak.
FIGURE 4 in New orchids in the flora of Vietnam (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae)
FIGURE 4. Cleisostoma furcatum. Flowering plants, inflorescences and details of flower. All photos made by Truong Ba Vuong from the plants used for the preparation of type voucher specimens (BV 355a), design and correction by Truong Ba Vuong, L. Averyanov and T. Maisak.
FIGURE 3. Platystele peruviana. A. Frontal view and natural color. B. Lateral view. C in Platystele peruviana sp nov. (Orchidaceae), the smallest orchid from Peru
FIGURE 3. Platystele peruviana. A. Frontal view and natural color. B. Lateral view. C. Front detail of the column and the lip. D. Lateral detail of the column and the lip. by F. Rizo Patrón (FRV52, HOXA).
FIGURE 4. Specific characteristics from P in Platystele peruviana sp nov. (Orchidaceae), the smallest orchid from Peru
FIGURE 4. Specific characteristics from P. peruviana. Photos taken from the type (dry specimen) A. Front view of the complete flower showing the lip and the glenion. B. back view of the complete flower showing the connate portion of lateral sepals. C. View of the lip and the glenion. D. Photo of the roots from the type (fresh specimen).
FIGURE 2 in Platystele peruviana sp nov. (Orchidaceae), the smallest orchid from Peru
FIGURE 2. Platystele peruviana Rizo Patrón. Drawn from the plant that served as Type. Illustration by F. Rizo Patrón.
Supplementary material 1 from: Croce A, Nazzaro R (2017) An atlas of orchids distribution in the Campania region (Italy), a citizen science project for the most charming plant family. Italian Botanist 4: 15-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/ib.4.14916
Relations between the 4 tables of the MS Access database used to store the data of the project and respective fields : Data type: Image
Supplementary material 3 from: Croce A, Nazzaro R (2017) An atlas of orchids distribution in the Campania region (Italy), a citizen science project for the most charming plant family. Italian Botanist 4: 15-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/ib.4.14916
References considered for the bibliographic records : Data type: (measurement/occurence/multimedia/etc.)
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