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907 results for “Pine”
Data from: Bat activity is related to habitat type and structure in managed pine barrens in New England
<p><strong>Background. </strong>Several insectivorous bat species are found in New England, yet research on them is still scarce. Current research shows the ecological importance of bats due to their control of insect populations, but they are endangered by habitat loss and White Nose Syndrome, among other threats. Pine barrens are an uncommon ecosystem found in New England that supports other rare taxa and could be important for these bat species.</p> <p><strong>Methods. </strong>With hand-held audio recorders, we surveyed for bats in Montague Plains Wildlife Management Area in Massachusetts and Concord Pine Barrens in New Hampshire in June 2022. Our study objectives were to 1) describe the most common bat species and 2) compare bat activity across different habitat types at two managed pine barrens in New England. In particular, we examined bat activity related to habitat type (scrub oak, mature pitch pine, treated pitch pine, hardwood forest), habitat structure (i.e., canopy closure), and time since prescribed fire. We analyzed our data through linear mixed effects modeling and Fisher’s exact tests.</p> <p><strong>Results. </strong>Overall, we were able to measure the presence of five out of the nine total species found in the area, including the endangered <em>Myotis lucifugus</em> (little brown bat). We recorded 293 bat calls, with the majority of calls from big brown bats (71%). We found significant differences (P < 0.05) in bat activity in relation to habitat types and structure. The index of bat activity was greatest in pitch pine and hardwood forests and lowest in scrub oak and treated pitch pine habitats. With preliminary data, we also found that there was more bat activity in areas that had not been burned recently.</p> <p><strong>Discussion.</strong> These findings demonstrate the importance of pine barrens as an ecosystem that supports bats in New England. According to the activity of bats in our study, closed canopy and mature pitch pine habitats may be prioritized in conservation efforts at managed barrens for bat species. Further research is recommended to better understand the relationship between prescribed fires, which are common in managed barrens, and bat activity.</p>
Data for: At a fine scale, hardwood patches support wildlife diversity in longleaf pine woodlands
<p>Restoring and maintaining biodiversity in a changing world is increasingly challenging due to the competing needs of species for suitable space and resources. One ecosystem that has seen considerable anthropogenic changes in extent and structure is the longleaf pine (<em>Pinus</em> <em>palustris</em>) ecosystem. Understanding how wildlife responds to restoration is important to informing forest restoration and conservation. We monitored game birds and mid-large-sized mammal occupancy in and around hardwood patches embedded within a longleaf pine woodland at The Jones Center at Ichauway in Newton, GA. We found that 11 species use the transition zone between the longleaf pine and hardwood hammocks. Gray squirrels (<em>Sciurus</em> <em>carolinensis</em>), Virginia opossums (<em>Didelphis</em> <em>virginiana</em>), nine-banded armadillos (<em>Dasypus</em> <em>novemcinctus</em>) occupancy increased along the gradient while and fox squirrel (<em>Sciurus</em> <em>niger</em>) declined. Our results suggest that oak patches and transitional zones are important to maintaining biodiversity within the longleaf pine ecosystem.</p>
Data for: How do harvesting methods applied in continuous-cover forestry and rotation forest management impact soil carbon storage and degradability in boreal Scots pine forests?
<p>Forest management affects soil carbon (C) storage through forest composition, microclimate and litter inputs. How two major forest management systems, continuous-cover forestry (CCF) and clear-cut-based rotation forest management (RFM), differ in their impact on soil C in boreal forests is still poorly understood, however. We compared their effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and quality in boreal Scots pine <span>(<em>Pinus sylvestris</em></span> L.) dominated forests in eastern Finland. We tested the hypotheses that (1) colder microclimates and continuous litter inputs will lead to higher SOC stocks in CCF plots than in clear-cuts and (2) the more labile litter in clear-cuts with varying ground vegetation will enhance SOC decomposition rates. We sampled uncut mature forests, clear-cuts, retention-cuts and gap-cuts, in which we analysed SOC concentrations and calculated the stocks. We measured stand characteristics such as diameter-at-breast height, basal area, dominant tree height, and understorey species coverage of the various treatments and modelled the above- and belowground litter inputs based on these parameters. We used laboratory incubation and sequential fractionation of SOC to assess its degradability under standardized conditions. To estimate the decomposition rate in the various environments we incubated cellulose bags in situ. We assessed the impact of microclimate on SOC decomposition, using data from soil-temperature and soil-moisture field measurements. We quantified the microbial biomass C pool, using chloroform fumigation extraction to gain insight on the impact of forest management practice on soil microbes. The SOC concentrations and SOC stocks did not differ significantly between the treatments, despite the presence of a warmer microclimate and lower litter inputs in the clear-cut plots. However, we found differences in the quality of the SOC. Soils in clear-cut sites showed lower proportions of labile SOC compounds than did the other treatments. As hypothesized, the decomposition rates were elevated in clear-cuts, but were equally as high within the canopy gaps on gap-cut stands. Our work highlights that forest management affects the quality, degradability, long-term accumulation and storage of SOC. We conclude that the accumulation of labile compounds in uncut forests and retention-cuts, combined with the decreased decomposition rates, indicate a higher potential for future C accumulation in the soil than in clear-cuts.</p>
Data for Radiation and temperature drive diurnal variation of aerobic methane emissions from Scots pine canopy
<p>Aerobic methane emissions from plant foliage may play an important role in the global methane cycle, but their size and the underlying source processes remain poorly understood. Here, we quantify methane fluxes from the shoots Scots pine trees, a dominant tree species in boreal forests, identify source processes and environmental drivers, and evaluate the potential of leaf emissions to constrain methane emissions at the ecosystem-level eddy covariance flux measurements. We show that shoot-level measurements conducted in forest, garden, or greenhouse settings; on mature trees and saplings; manually and with an automated CO<sub>2</sub> -, temperature-, and water-controlled chamber system; and with multiple methane analysers all resulted in comparable daytime flux rates (0.094±0.035 to 0.241±0.090 nmol CH<sub>4</sub> g<sup>-1</sup> foliar dw h<sup>-1</sup>). We find that methane emissions from Scots pine shoots exhibit a pronounced diurnal cycle that closely follows photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and is further modulated by temperature. These diurnal patterns indicate that methane production is associated with diurnal cycle of sunlight, suggesting that methane is either a byproduct of photosynthesis-associated biochemical reactions (e.g. the methionine cycle) or produced through non-enzymatic photochemical reactions in plant biomass. Moreover, we identified a light-dependent component in stand-level methane fluxes, which showed an order-of-magnitude agreement with shoot-level measurements (0.968±0.031 nmol CH<sub>4</sub> g<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>), and which provides an upper limit to shoot methane emissions.</p> <p> </p>
Fig. 6 in Red wood Ants (Formica rufa-group) prefer mature pine forests in Variscan granite environments (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 6 – Preferred terrain exposure of RWA nests in a, MG (n=2,328) and b, FB (n=2,829) study area.
Pinus pinea cone, seed and pine nut morphometry and health
<p>Seven plantations were monitored in winters of the 2010-2020 period, except for 2016. Ten healthy 3-year-old cones were randomly harvested per plantation each year, following former study [28]; in few years the number of collected cones was lower than 10 due to harvesting complexities. Cones were collected from different trees and immediately weighed (fresh weight), as indicated by several authors. Harvested cones were processed at INFOR’s laboratory to extract seeds (in-shell pine nuts) and pine nuts (kernels) each year, totaling 560 cones in the study period. Seed number per cone was counted and seed and pine nuts were weighed and measured in the laboratory. Empty and damaged seeds were also quantified to monitor cone health.</p>
Data from: Evolution of five environmentally responsive gene families in a pine-feeding sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)
<p>A central goal in evolutionary biology is to determine the predictability of adaptive genetic changes. Despite many documented cases of convergent evolution at individual loci, little is known about the repeatability of gene family expansions and contractions. To address this void, we examined gene family evolution in the redheaded pine sawfly <em>Neodiprion lecontei</em>, a non-eusocial hymenopteran and exemplar of a pine-specialized lineage evolved from angiosperm-feeding ancestors. After assembling and annotating a draft genome, we manually annotated multiple gene families with chemosensory, detoxification, or immunity functions before characterizing their genomic distributions and molecular evolution. We find evidence of recent expansions of bitter gustatory receptor (GR), clan 3 cytochrome P450 (CYP3), olfactory receptor (OR), and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) subfamilies, with strong evidence of positive selection among paralogs in a clade of gustatory receptors possibly involved in the detection of bitter compounds. In contrast, these gene families had little evidence of recent contraction via pseudogenization. Overall, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that in response to novel selection pressures, gene families that mediate ecological interactions may expand and contract predictably. Testing this hypothesis will require the comparative analysis of high-quality annotation data from phylogenetically and ecologically diverse insect species and functionally diverse gene families. To this end, increasing sampling in under-sampled hymenopteran lineages and environmentally responsive gene families and standardizing manual annotation methods should be prioritized.</p>
Dataset: Plant-mediated effects of fire and fragmentation drive plant–pollinator interaction β-diversity in fire-dependent pine savannas
<p>Interaction β-diversity is a measure essential for understanding and conserving species interactions and ecosystem functioning. Interaction β-diversity explains the variation in species interactions across spatial and temporal gradients, resulting from species turnover or interaction rewiring. Each component of interaction β-diversity has different ecological implications and practical consequences. While interaction β-diversity due to species turnover is related to assembly processes and fragmentation, rewiring can support high biodiversity and confer resilience to ecological networks. However, it is unclear whether both components respond to the same or different ecological drivers. Here, we assessed the ecological drivers of plant–pollinator interaction β-diversity and its components across 24 sites in 9 longleaf pine (LLP) savannas in north and central Florida. We evaluated the effects of flowering plant composition and flower abundance, vegetation, fire regime, soil moisture, terrain characteristics, climate, spatial context and geographic location. We used path analysis to evaluate the drivers of spatial interaction β-diversity and its main components. We then used generalized linear mixed models to assess the temporal patterns of spatial β-diversity among sites within preserves. We found that plant–pollinator networks in LLP savannas are highly variable across space and time, mainly due to species turnover and possibly in response to abiotic gradients and dispersal boundaries. Flower abundance and flowering plant composition, geographic location, fire seasonality, soil moisture, and landscape context were the main drivers of plant–pollinator β-diversity, highlighting the role of fire management and habitat connectivity in preserving plant–pollinator networks.</p>
Understanding Pine Bark Extract as an Alternative Treatment (UPBEAT) Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00425945. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data and code from: Adaptive potential and genomic vulnerability of keystone forest tree species to climate change: A case study in Scots pine
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Data from: The ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus ammoniavirescens influences the effects of salinity on loblolly pine in response to potassium availability
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Data from: Relationships between rhizosphere microbial communities, soil abiotic properties and root trait variation within a pine species
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Data From: Contrasting physiological traits of shade tolerance in Pinus and Podocarpaceae native to a tropical Vietnamese forest: Insight from an aberrant flat-leaved pine
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Ericaceous dwarf shrubs contribute a significant but drought-sensitive fraction of soil respiration in a boreal pine forest
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Data from: In situ genetic association for serotiny, a fire-related trait, in Mediterranean maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton)
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Body mass and triglycerides predict departure of free-living nomadic pine siskins
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Data from: <em>Veronica paczoskiana</em> is no more than a pine forest ecotype of <em>V. spicata</em> that evolved independently in forest-steppes of Ukraine and the Altai region
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Data from: Bioturbation by mammals and fire interact to alter ecosystem-level nutrient dynamics in longleaf pine forests
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Data from: Post-release movement and habitat selection of translocated pine martens Martes martes
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Temporal nitrogen dynamics in intensively managed loblolly pine early stand development
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.