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632 results for “Policies”
Effect of the free healthcare policy on the health services' utilisation by children under five years in Burkina Faso
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Knowledge from non-English-language studies broadens contributions to conservation policy and helps to tackle bias in biodiversity data
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Data from: Modeling the impact of birth control policies on China's population and age: effects of delayed births and minimum birth age constraints
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Data from: The viewer doesn’t always seem to care - response to fake animal rescues on YouTube and implications for social media self-policing policies
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Science to inform policy: linking population dynamics to habitat for a threatened species in Canada
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Brazilian municipal health policies during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Data from: US-Mexico second-hand electric vehicle trade: Battery circularity and end-of-life policy implications
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The effects of the Medicare NCS reimbursement policy: utilization, payments, and patient access
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Qualitative raw data and behavioral analysis for understanding VMMC policy decision-making
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Full list of signatories to: Pe'er et al. "Action needed for the EU Common Agricultural Policy to address sustainability challenges" (Preprint version)
<p>This is the list of signatories to the Scientists' Statement on the EU's Common Agricultural Policy:</p> <p>"Action needed for the EU Common Agricultural Policy to address sustainability challenges" (Pe'er et al. 2019).</p> <p>The preprint version (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3666258) has been made available online between 4.11.2019 and 19.2.2020.</p> <p>Signatories were requested to read the full statement prior to adding their name in its support; and to provide a proof that they are scientists.</p> <p>A final version of the paper has been published in March 2020 in the journal People and Nature.</p> <p> </p>
Effectiveness of Open Science Policies at ESEC/FSE 2019
<p>This report summarizes how the ESEC/FSE 2019 open science policies came to life and how they resulted in openness for the conference. In particular, I provide how authors of 277 papers provided data at peer review time, and how authors of 74 published papers provided their papers and data openly. Finally, I discuss on the obtained results, and provide lessons learned for the development of SIGSOFT open science policies.</p> <p>See: <a href="https://ineed.coffee/5836/effectiveness-of-open-science-policies-at-esec-fse-2019/">https://ineed.coffee/5836/effectiveness-of-open-science-policies-at-esec-fse-2019/</a></p>
COP21: Results and Implications for Pathways and Policies for Low Emissions European Societies
<p>This database contains national and global level modelling scenario results produced under the COP21:RIPPLES project <a href="https://www.cop21ripples.eu/">https://www.cop21ripples.eu/</a></p> <p>The data is also hosted in the IIASA RIPPLES Scenario Explorer <a href="https://data.ene.iiasa.ac.at/cop21ripples/#/login">https://data.ene.iiasa.ac.at/cop21ripples/#/login</a></p> <p>The National Determined Contributions (NDCs) provide important indications regarding the future GHG emissions and related policies, in relation to the international energy market, technological, economic, trade and financial context. This key information on the development trajectories of major economies is essential for EU policy development as it will determine the global context in which EU policies will evolve. Nevertheless, the NDCs adopt a medium-term horizon and do not provide all the required information to fully characterize the detailed energy system pathways that meet the Paris Agreement (PA) goals. NDCs therefore fall short of characterizing the global trajectories at a sufficiently granular and long-term perspective for informing EU policies.</p> <p>To close this knowledge gap, COP21:RIPPLES aims at analysing the underlying transformations required in the different sectors of the economy to meet the PA mitigation targets. To this purpose, COP21:RIPPLES uses existing scenarios as well as a number of new national and global scenarios. These new scenarios are not conceived themselves as an output of the project but rather as methodological tool to answer specific questions across different Work Packages. For description of the models and scenarios included in each Excel file, see the documentation "RIPPLES_ScenarioExplorer_Doc_v4.docx".</p> <p>For more information on these models and scenarios, see the COP21:RIPPLES Deliverables D2.6, D3.2 and D3.5.</p>
Features of research data policies of Earth science and biodiversity academic society journals
<p>Dataset related to Hübner (2020) Earth science and biodiversity journals can improve support for data publication. Preprint: https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3818</p> <p>This study reviews research data policies and author instructions of 31 journals from the Earth sciences and from biodiversity that are published by German learned societies or research institutions. The statements on data publishing of the journal´s data policies / author guidelines were matched to 14 pre-defined features of journal research data policies from Hrynaszkiewicz, I. et al. (2020) Developing a Research Data Policy Framework for All Journals and Publishers. Data Science Journal, 19: 5, pp. 1–15. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2020-005">https://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2020-005</a>.</p>
Top 100-Ranked Clinical Journals' Preprint Policies as of April 23, 2020
<p>Objective: To determine the top 100-ranked (by impact factor) clinical journals' policies toward publishing research previously published on preprint servers (preprints). </p> <p>Design: Cross sectional. Main outcome measures: Editorial guidelines toward preprints, journal rank by impact factor.</p> <p>Results: 86 (86%) of the journals examined will consider papers previously published as preprints (preprints), 13 (13%) determine their decision on a case-by-case basis, and 1 (1%) does not allow preprints. </p> <p>Conclusions: We found wide acceptance of publishing preprints in the clinical research community, although researchers may still face uncertainty that their preprints will be accepted by all of their target journals.</p>
Impact of national drug pricing policy 2018 on access to medicines in Lahore Division, Pakistan: A pre-post survey study using WHO/HAI methodology
<p><span><b>Objective: </b>To evaluate the impact of new national drug pricing policy (NDPP) 2018 on the access to medicines in terms of prices, availability, and affordability.<b> </b></span></p> <p><span><b>Design: </b>Two cross-sectional surveys were undertaken before and after the launch of NDPP 2018, using a modified WHO/HAI methodology.</span></p> <p><span><b>Setting: </b>Four districts of Lahore division, Pakistan. </span></p> <p><span><b>Participants: </b>16 public sector hospitals and 16 private sector retail pharmacies. </span></p> <p><span><b>Measures: </b>The pre- and post-survey data on prices and availability of Lowest Price Generics (LPGs) and Originator Brands (OBs) of 50 medicines were obtained by visiting the same public and private sector health facilities (n=32). Out of 50, 46 surveyed medicines were from National Essential Medicines List (NEML). Inflation-adjusted median unit prices (MUPs) and median price ratios (MPRs) from 2019 were used for price comparison. Affordability was calculated in terms of number of days' wages required to get a standard treatment by the lowest paid unskilled government worker.</span></p> <p><span><b>Results:</b> The overall mean percent availabilities remained poor in both years i.e. far less than 80%. In public sector, the mean percent availability of OBs improved from 6.8% to 33.1% whereas, in case of LPGs it was reduced from 35.1% to 9%. In private sector, the mean percent availability of both OBs and LPGs demonstrated slight improvements in 2019 i.e. 55.0% to 58.3% and 20.3% to 32.3%. The adjusted MUPs and MPRs of OBs significantly increased by a median of 4.29% (Wilcoxon test p=0.001, p=0.0001). Whereas, the adjusted MUPs and MPRs of LPGs were increased by a median of 15.7% (p=0.002, p=0.0002). Overall the affordability of many medicines for common ailments reduced significantly in 2019.</span></p> <p><span><b>Conclusion</b><b>s</b><b>: </b>The availability of medicines slightly improved, except in the case of LPGs which was reduced at public sector. The implementation of NDPP 2018 led to increase in drug prices, making the standard treatment for some of the most prevalent ailments unaffordable. So verily, the drug pricing policy must be reviewed to ensure access to essential medicines.</span></p>
On the impact of release policies on bug handing activity: A case study of Eclipse
<p>This repository contains the data used in our paper entitled ["On the impact of release policies on bug handing activity: A case study of Eclipse"]</p> <p># Structure</p> <p>The repository contains :</p> <p>1. `raw_data`: a repository containing all the raw data of our study before processing.<br> 2. `data_processing`: a repository containing all the raw data of our study during processing.<br> 3. `data`: a repository containing all the data of our study after all processing steps.<br> 4. `figs`: The generated figures from the notebooks for the paper.<br> 5. The various Jupyter notebooks containing all the scripts used to gather the data and answer each research question.</p>
Spatial-temporal growth, distribution, and diffusion of marine microplastic research and national plastic policies
<p>Plastic accounts for 80% of material waste in the ocean. The field of marine microplastic research is relatively new and is growing rapidly, in terms of published papers as well as institutions and countries conducting research. To combat plastic pollution, there is sufficient evidence that policies can lead to reduced plastic production and consumption both locally and globally. We aim to understand how marine plastics research and policies have grown and spread. Specifically, we used scientometric and spatial diffusion methods to best explain how ideas (in this case science and policy) clustered and spread geographically through time. We performed systematic literature searches to determine the spatial and temporal growth of marine microplastic publications and national plastic policies from 1900-2019. We found that more countries adopted national plastic policies than those that have conducted marine plastic research. Doubling times of each temporal growth rate analyzed (research paper, institution, country, and national policy) ranged from 1.1 – 4.05 years. Further, each temporal growth rate had a break point where doubling time changed significantly. Marine microplastic research has grown exponentially since 2006, and the topics of inquiry have increased steadily. Marine microplastic publication spread at the institution level is best explained by a hybrid of expansion and relocation diffusion while national plastic policy spread is best explained by expansion diffusion. Marine microplastic research activity was not a good indicator of a country's resources or motivation toward national plastic policies.</p>
Data from: Finding the best management policy to eradicate invasive species from spatial ecological networks with simultaneous actions
1. Spatial management of invasive species is more likely to be successful when multiple locations are treated simultaneously. However, selecting the best locations to act is difficult due to the many options available at any time. 2. We design a near-optimal policy for applying multiple actions simultaneously for faster invasive species control within a network. Our method uses a recent optimisation tool, the Graph-based Markov decision process (GMDP). Since the policy can be difficult to interpret, we extracted a simpler policy using classification trees. We applied our approach to the eradication of invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) from the habitat of the red-finned blue-eye (Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis), a critically endangered fish with a global population that is restricted to seven artesian springs in Queensland, Australia. 3. The policy returned by the GMDP was to manage springs occupied by mosquitofish and their connected neighbours, unless the neighbours were occupied by red-finned blue-eyes. 4. Simultaneous management resulted in rapid declines in simulated mosquitofish occupancy even if eradication effectiveness was low; however the cost of simultaneous eradication was high and sustained eradication effort was necessary to maintain low mosquitofish occupancy. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our paper finds a near-optimal, multi-action control policy to remove an invasive species from a multi-species spatial network. We introduce the Graph-based Markov decision process (GMDP) and apply it to a real case study – eradication of invasive mosquitofish from the habitat of the red-finned blue-eye. We find that the GMDP can generate policies for networks with extremely large state spaces, however it works best when nodes have fewer than five neighbours. We conclude that simultaneous eradications are effective for rapid control of invasive species; however, managers should consider the cost and time required for an effective eradication program.
Data from: The social cost of lobbying over climate policy
Domestic political processes shape climate policy. In particular, there is increasing concern regarding the role of political lobbying over climate policy. This paper examines how lobbying spending on the Waxman-Markey bill, the most prominent and promising U.S. climate regulation to date, altered its likelihood of being implemented. We combine data from comprehensive U.S. lobbying records together with an empirical method for forecasting the policy's effect on the value of publicly-listed firms. Our statistical analysis suggests that lobbying by firms expecting losses from the policy was more effective than lobbying by firms expecting gains. Interpreting this finding through a game-theoretic model, we calculate that lobbying lowered the probability of enacting the Waxman-Markey bill by 13 percentage points, representing an expected social cost of $60 billion (in 2018 dollars). Our findings also reveal how future climate policy proposals can be designed to be more robust to political opposition.
Data from: Reframing the evidence base for policy-relevance to increase impact: a case study on forest fragmentation in the oil palm sector
It is necessary to improve knowledge exchange between scientists and decision-makers so that scientific evidence can be readily accessed to inform policy. To maximise impact of scientific evidence in policy development, the scientific community should engage more fully with decision-makers, building long-term working relationships in order to identify and respond to 'policy windows' with science that is reframed for policy-relevance. We illustrate the process and challenges using a case study in which we synthesised evidence from studies of habitat fragmentation to provide information for improved biodiversity conservation in the oil palm sector, resulting in the uptake of this research into new industry guidelines. Policy implications. The case study demonstrates how having an in-depth understanding of the 'policy arena' (the state of policy and the actors and influencing factors that affect policy) and responding with relevant and specific information, enabled effective uptake of science to inform the design of conservation set-asides in the oil palm industry.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.