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2,904 results for “Solute”
Formalising a Gateway-based Blockchain Interoperability Solution with Event-B (Replication package)
<p>This repository holds the artefacts that raised the results of our first paper <em>Formalising a Gateway-based Blockchain Interoperability Solution with Event-B</em> to be presented at the <a href="https://icbc2024.ieee-icbc.org/workshop/crosschain" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ICBC Cross-chain workshop</a>.</p> <p>In this paper, we explore the formalisation of a gateway-based interoperability solution with Event-B. The results showed that the method was suitable and that a straightforward specification could be developed considering Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric as the involved blockchains. The Event-B specification was assessed with three strategies that enabled its verification and validation. In particular, formal verification (e.g. safety properties), functional validation, and functional utility. These promising results constitute a step forward in the development of formal specifications for blockchain interoperability solutions.</p> <p>The artefacts generated in this research were:</p> <ul> <li>An Event-B specification of the gateway-based interoperability solution proposed by <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10346168" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">Pandolfi et al.</a>. This specification is composed of three machines: an abstract machine and two refinements. One refinement describes the behaviour of the gateway and smart contracts involved when the source blockchain is Ethereum and the target blockchain is Hyperledger Fabric. The second refinement describes the behaviour of the gateway and smart contracts when the source is Hyperledger Fabric and the target Ethereum.</li> <li>Animations of the three specifications (i.e. abstract and refinements) that enabled us to validate the functional behaviour of the specification and provided the means to understand the gateways' behaviour without Event-B knowledge.</li> <li>An Event-B specficiation of a use case scenario that shows the utility of the specification.</li> </ul>
Palatability of Insecticides and Protein in Sugar Solutions to Argentine Ants
<p>This is the Raw Data and R Markdown statistics for BioRxiv and Pest Management Science Journal.</p> <p>Title: Palatability of Insecticides and Protein in Sugar Solutions to Argentine Ants</p> <p>Summary: </p> <p><span>Invasive ant species like <em><span>Linepithema humile</span></em> cause significant ecological and economic harm, making effective control strategies essential. Insecticide baits are currently the most effective approach for controlling ants. </span><span>Therefore, quantifying how palatable or unpalatable baits, bait additives, or toxicants are, is critical for developing effective control methods.</span><span> </span><span>It has recently been demonstrated that in the comparative evaluation of foods, animals that are aware of both a test food and a comparator food exhibit greatly increased sensitivity when detecting the unpalatability of liquid baits. </span><span>Here, we deploy a newly developed comparative evaluation methodology to examine the palatability to <em>L. humile </em>workers of three toxicants used in invasive ant control: Fipronil, spinosad, and imidacloprid, as well as egg white protein.</span></p> <p><span>Ants showed no significant preference between pure sucrose and sucrose-toxicant solutions, indicating that they either cannot detect the toxicants or that they do not find them distasteful. </span><span>Survival tests confirmed that the toxicant concentrations used were lethal, with a survival rate of 50% or below after 72 hours. However, ants found egg protein additive unpalatable, significantly preferring pure sucrose to a sucrose-egg protein mix.</span></p> <p><span>These findings confirm that three major toxicants are suitable for use in baits, and that reported abandonment or avoidance of toxic baits is not due to the unpalatability of these toxicants. However, the addition of egg protein to sucrose baits, even at ratios which optimise colony growth, is likely counterproductive. Future research should investigate the relative preference of invasive ants for various bait matrixes over naturally available food, ensuring more effective pest management strategies.</span></p>
Data and Scripts for the Article: Structural Sensitivity of N1s Excitations in N-methylacetamide Solutions
<p>Data and scripts for the article titled: Structural Sensitivity of N1s Excitations in N-methylacetamide Solutions.</p> <p>For further details on the contents, see the "readme.md"-file.</p>
Experimental Data for the Paper "Frequency Fitness Assignment: Optimization without a Bias for Good Solutions can be Efficient"
<p><strong><em>The data for the paper "Frequency Fitness Assignment: Optimization without a Bias for Good Solutions can be Efficient"</em></strong></p> <p>This is the data set with the experimental results for our paper "Frequency Fitness Assignment: Optimization without a Bias for Good Solutions can be Efficient." We conduct more than 56 million runs, consuming more than 6.5*10<sup>14</sup> FEs as well as 150 processor years, ensuring that our results are statistically sound and rigorous. Here, you can find all the results, all the program codes used for obtaining the results, and all the tables and figures produced from the results, and the program codes used to produce them.</p> <p><strong><em>Included Files</em></strong></p> <ul> <li><code>ffa-empirical-complexity_results.tar.xz</code> (size packed 11.7 GiB, unpacked 335.2 GiB): The complete set of log files. For each run of each experiment, one distinct text-based log file is created. The log file contains every improving step of the algorithm, the final result, and the system configuration. This archive is very large and unpacked it will occupy more than 335 GiB of hard disk space.</li> <li><code>ffa-empirical-complexity_end_of_run_results_and_stats.tar.xz</code> (size packed 861.4 MiB, unpacked 6,295.9 MiB): The end-of-run result qualities and consumed runtime as well as statistics thereof. These information have been extracted from the log files and are provided in form of semicolon-separated values text files. These files are much easier to consume. They do not reflect the progress of the single runs, but only their end results.</li> <li><code>ffa-empirical-complexity_sources.tar.xz</code> (size packed 65.5 MiB, unpacked 173.6 MiB): The complete set of <code>Java</code> sources that was used to perform the experiments. Since the random seeds of the random number generators are created in a deterministic way, you could execute this code and obtain the exactly same log files in terms of consumed FEs, improving steps, and end results as we provide in <code>ffa-empirical-complexity_results.tar.xz</code>. (Of course, your systems configuration and measured runtime in milliseconds would probably be different.)</li> <li><code>ffa-empirical-complexity_evaluator.tar.xz</code> (size packed 4,015.8 KiB, unpacked 4,510 KiB): The <code>Java</code> and <code>R</code> source codes that are used to extract the end results from the log files, compute all relevant statistics, and produce the graphics in our article.</li> <li><code>ffa-empirical-complexity_evaluation.tar.xz</code> (size packed 417.3 KiB, unpacked 590.0 KiB): The high-level conclusions produced by the evaluator from the raw data, including tables and figures.</li> <li><code>ffa-empirical-complexity_saga_ffa_on_plateau.tar.xz</code> (size packed 7,238.9 KiB, unpacked 26.8 MiB): We also conducted an additional experiment to better understand the behavior of the SAGA algorithm variants using FFA on the Plateau problem. Here we provide source codes and result log files of this experiment. The result log files are much more comprehensive, as we tried to figure out why these algortihms were able to solve the Plateau problems (and they ultimately helped us to successfully do so).</li> </ul> <p><strong><em>License</em></strong></p> <p>The copyright holder of this dataset is Prof. Dr. Thomas Weise (see <a href="#contact">Contact</a>). The dataset is licensed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en/legalcode">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p><strong><em>Contact</em></strong></p> <p>If you have any questions or suggestions, please contact the corresponding author of this dataset, Prof. Dr. <a href="http://iao.hfuu.edu.cn/team/director">Thomas Weise</a> of the Institute of Applied Optimization (<a href="http://iao.hfuu.edu.cn/">IAO</a>) at <a href="http://www.hfuu.edu.cn/english/main.htm">Hefei University</a> [<a href="http://www.hfuu.edu.cn">合肥学院</a>] in Hefei, Anhui, China via email to <a href="mailto:tweise@hfuu.edu.cn">tweise@hfuu.edu.cn</a> with CC to <a href="mailto:tweise@ustc.edu.cn">tweise@ustc.edu.cn</a>.</p>
Cysteinolic acid is a widely distributed compatible solute of marine microalgae.
<p>This dataset contains raw file of MS and MS/MS spectra of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii (both xenic and axenic cultures) and its zwitterionic compatible solutes cysteinolic acid, ectoine, glycine betaine and homarine. </p>
Supplemental idf files used for paper "Refurbishmet Methodology to Attain Thermally Comfortable near-Zero Energy Buildings Using Customizable Solutions"
<p>These are the idf files used to study different technology alternatives offered by the Reco2st project on an idealized dormitory room located in London, UK. The files are presented "as is" and were done for EnergyPlus v8.9. Includes files that might have not made it to the final paper.</p> <p>Geometry: One zone room with one external window.<br> Materials: External construction is cavity wall, with bricks on both sides, gypsum plaster on internal side<br> Internal walls brick single layer with gypsum plaster.<br> Ceiling and floor reinforced concrete. Plaster finish on ceiling, nylon carpet on floor<br> Double glazed window. Five panes available: one large central fixed, two small clerestory opening, and two large side opening.<br> For simulation purposes a single equivalent area of all openings modelled.<br> Material data sources: gov.scot, puravent.co.uk, nature.com. SHGC from LBL.</p> <p>This is part of work done for ReCO2ST - Residential Retrofit assessment platform and demonstrations for near zero energy and CO2 emissions with optimum cost, health, comfort and environmental quality. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 768576.</p>
Digital Contact Tracing: Overview of technological solutions for the fight against pandemics
<p>In late 2019, Covid-19 emerged and was soon declared a pandemic causing until now a massive health disruption and a huge impact on the global economy. Several governments around the world are still forced to take containment measures to curb the spread of the virus including partial or full lockdowns. At the same time, they rely heavily on human resources to perform manual Contact Tracing (CT) for alerting known contacts of the confirmed cases and breaking the infection chains early enough. However, CT does not scale well when the cases increase exponentially, due to the limited capacity of national public health authorities, and cannot identify possible <em>hidden</em> infections due to random encounters with strangers in crowded spaces such as restaurants, bars, theaters, public transportation, etc. To this end, Digital Contact Tracing (DCT) is becoming increasingly popular to enhance and empower CT, enabling automatic and faster identification and notification of exposed users. This presentation will first overview the different generations of DCT solutions from the privacy-invasive use of subscriber location data provided by cellular operators, to location monitoring mobile apps on GPS-equipped smartphones, to privacy-preserving mobile apps based on <em>proximity</em> sensing through Bluetooth. It will discuss the findings of recent studies with regards to the effectiveness of DCT and debate whether it has been – or has the potential to become – a game changer. Finally, it will outline the latest developments and trends in this active research field that are of interest to the IPIN community including <em>presence</em> tracing that aims to notify anonymously those users that have been in the same place (especially indoors) with an infected user, without necessarily satisfying the proximity constraint.</p>
Movies of Interactions of the parts of the MeCP2 protein (MBD and NTD domains) in solution and interacting with a surface
<p>Four movies illustrating the interactions of the methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD; 486 amino acids) and N-terminal (NTD; residues 1-77 of the full length MeCp2) domains of the Methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2; residues 78-162 of the full length MeCp2) with a solid surface. The MBD domain is the only region of the MeCP2 protein.</p> <p>These movies are supplementary material to the manuscript (submitted)<br> <br> <strong>Structure and Dynamics of the Rett Syndrome Protein, MeCP2 </strong><br> Noriyuki Kodera, Anna A. Kalashnikova, Mary E. Porter-Goff, Catherine A. Musselman, Cecilia<br> Chávez-García, Mikko Karttunen, Borries Demeler, Tatiana G. Kutateladze, Toshio Ando,<br> and Jeffrey C. Hansen</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>MBD in water was simulated for 3 microseconds. All the rest of the systems were simulated for 1 microsecond. The movies show the last 20 nanoseconds of the full length simulations. The movies come in pairs with the same system in solution and when a surface is present (as listed below)</li> <li>Files: <ul> <li> <p>MBD+NTD2_last20ns.mpg: MBD and NTD domains in solution (reference simulation).</p> </li> <li> <p>MBD+NTD_last20ns.mpg: MBD and NTD domains in the presence of a surface.</p> </li> <li> <p>MBD+halfNTD2_last20ns.mpg: MBD domain and half of the NTD domain in solution (reference simulation).</p> </li> <li> <p>MBD+halfNTD2_last20ns.mpg: MBD domain and half of the NTD domain in the presence of a surface.</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Avoiding obstacles while intercepting a moving target: A miniature fly's solution
<p>The miniature robber fly <i>Holcocephala fusca<i> </i></i>intercepts its targets using a system whose behaviour is approximated by the proportional navigation guidance law. During predatory trials, we challenged <em>Holcocephala</em>'s interception performance by placing a large object in its potential flight path. In response, <em>Holcocephala</em> deviated from the path predicted by pure-proportional navigation, but in many cases still eventually contacted the target. We show that such flight deviations can be explained as the output of two competing navigational systems; pure-proportional navigation and a simple obstacle avoidance algorithm. Obstacle avoidance by <em>Holcocephala</em> is here described by a simple feedback loop that uses the visual expansion of the approaching obstacle to mediate the magnitude of the turning-away response. We name the integration of this this steering law with pro-nav "Combined Guidance". The results demonstrate that predatory intent does not operate a monopoly on the fly's steering when attacking a target, and that simple guidance combinations can explain obstacle avoidance during interceptive tasks.</p>
Example Solution for the Pickup an Delivery Problem with Online Transfers
<p>This is an example solution of our model for the pickup-and-delivery problem that utilizes quite a few online transfers.<br> </p>
The exact and approximate solutions of phase velocities and reflection coefficients
<p>These are the scripts of the exact and approximate solutions of phase velocities and reflection coefficients in the paper "Approximate equations of PP-, PS1- and PS2-wave reflection coefficients in fluid-filled monoclinic media".</p>
An effective solution to boost generation from waves: benefits of HESS integration to wave energy converter in grid-connected systems
<p>The dataset here provided concerns the final results and other data for the three studied cases listed in the paper obtained from the simulations carried out in Simulink environment. The data can be opened by means of the free software GNU Octave, that can be downloaded at the following link: https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/index</p>
Removal of Crystal Violet (CV) in aqueous solution by Activated Carbon- Equilibrium, kinetic and Thermodynamic
<p>The quantitative kinetic and equilibrium adsorption parameters for Crystal Violet (CV) removed by commercial activated carbon (AC) were studied by UV visible absorption spectroscopy. (AC) with a high specific surface area (1250.320m2 /g) was characterized by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and the zero charge point (pzc).The adsorptive properties of (AC) with (CV) was conducted at variable stirring speed , adsorbent dose, solution pH, initial (CV) concentrations, contact time and temperature using batch mode operation to find the optimal conditions for a maximum adsorption. The adsorption mechanism of CV onto (AC) was studied using the first pseudo order, second pseudo order and Elovich kinetic models. The kinetic was found to follow a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption data for CV on AC were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Elovich and Temkin models. The results indicate that the Langmuir model provides the best correlation (qmax = 35.71, 90.91 mg/g at 25 °C and 40 °C respectively).The adsorption isotherms at different temperatures have been used for the determination of thermodynamic parameters i.e. the free energy (ΔGo = -2.30 to -5.34 kJ/mol), enthalpy (ΔHo = 36.966 kJ/mol), entropy (ΔSo = 0.131 kJ/mol K) and activation energy (Ea) 40.208 kJ/mol of adsorption. The negative ΔGo and positive ΔHo values indicate that the overall adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic in nature</p>
Data for the article "Solution of the Thirring model in thimble regularization"
<p>Data set for the paper "Solution of the Thirring model in thimble regularization", arXiv:2109.02511 [hep-lat]. It includes the data required to generate the figures in the article.</p> <p> </p>
The Surface Composition of Amino Acid - Halide Salt Solutions is pH-Dependent
<p>Set of raw data which has been used for the publication. In short, it's about how the pH of a mixed solution of an amino acid and an inorganic halogen salt impacts the surface propensity of the inorganic ions.</p>
Instances and solutions for the multi-depot electric vehicle scheduling problem with the objective of minimizing the fleet size (EVSP-MD-FS)
<p>The set of instances and corresponding solutions, which were used in the computational study of the paper “Multi-depot electric vehicle scheduling in in-plant production logistics considering non-linear charging models”.</p>
Virus Finding Tools: current solutions and limitations - Synthetic datasets
<p>The simulated RNA-seq datasets were built using FluxSimulator to generate paired-end reads. The first one contains thirty viral genomes from NCBI and the human genome (version GRCh38). The second dataset comprises five Human Rhinovirus A1, five Human Papillomavirus 16, and the human genome (version GRCh38).</p> <p>Concerning the first dataset, we chose the genomes to mix human, animal, and vegetable viruses for a fair analysis of each tool's reliability. Instead, the second dataset was created to understand the capability of each tool to assess the taxonomic level and the specificity of viral identification.</p> <p>We downloaded the genomes of the selected viruses from NCBI nucleotide, getting the FASTA file and the GFF3 annotation. Next, we used AGAT to transform the GFF3 files into GTF files. After that, we used FluxSimulator to generate a synthetic RNA-seq dataset for each species. Finally, we joined each simulated dataset to build a single RNA-seq sample. The number of reads generated for each species was chosen to act as a real sample.</p> <p>For each dataset, we include two compressed archives. The "*_fastq_files.tar" files contain the synthetic fastq files generated by FluxSimulator. The "*_raw_results.tar" files contain all the raw output produced by the tools employed in our benchmarking.</p> <p>The selected viruses for the first dataset are Human rhinovirus 1 strain ATCC VR-1559, Human Rhinovirus 3, Tomato mosaic virus, Molluscum contagiosum virus subtype 1, Apple mosaic virus RNA 3, Encephalomyocarditis virus, Human papillomavirus 52 isolate 52HB20, Hepatitis C virus genotype 1, Human papillomavirus type 31, Human papillomavirus type 54, JC polyomavirus, Marine RNA virus SF-2, Marine RNA virus JP-B, Hepatitis A virus, Human immunodeficiency virus 1, Anguillid herpes virus strain UK N080, Apis mellifera virus 14 isolate BFH508NG, Human enterovirus, Escherichia phage T7 isolate T7, Human herpesvirus 6B, Human measles virus, Cyprinid herpesvirus 3, Rotavirus C segment 8, Japanese encephalitis virus, Human papillomavirus 116, Influenza A virus (A/New York/392/2004(H3N2)) segment 4, Rotavirus RCU, Human parvovirus B19, Rous Sarcoma, Human papillomavirus 16.</p> <p>The selected strains and isolates for the second dataset are Human rhinovirus 1 strain ATCC VR-1559, Rhinovirus A1 strain 7A2, Rhinovirus A1 strain 5Q1, Rhinovirus A1 strain RvA1B/USA/2021/RJ9JKH, Rhinovirus A1 strain RvA1/USA/2021/L8MQLH, Human papillomavirus type 16, Human papillomavirus type 16 isolate 16CN37, Human papillomavirus type 16 isolate 16CN34, Human papillomavirus type 16 strain MML8, Human papillomavirus type 16 strain MML20.</p> <p>The tools employed in our benchmarking are VirusFinder, VirusSeq, VirTect, viGEN, VirDetect, DAMIAN, Metamap, Kraken2, Centrifuge.</p>
Solutions of the mass continuity equation in hollow fibers for fully developed flow with some notes on the Lévêque correlation
<p><strong>Solutions of the mass continuity equation in hollow fibers for fully developed flow with some notes on the </strong><strong>Lévêque</strong><strong> correlation</strong></p> <p>The file includes:</p> <p>Appendix A. Code in SageMath and Maple</p> <p>Appendix B. Semi-analytical method of lines for solving the linear-BC case</p> <p>The complete scientific article that can be found at https://zenodo.org/record/5675723#.YhNn8JPMIeY</p>
Data from: Land-based climate solutions for the United States
<p class="MsoNormal">Meeting end-of-century global warming targets requires aggressive action on multiple fronts. Recent reports note the futility of addressing mitigation goals without fully engaging the agricultural sector, yet no available assessments combine both nature-based solutions (reforestation, grassland and wetland protection, and agricultural practice change) and cellulosic bioenergy for a single geographic region. Collectively, these solutions might offer a suite of climate, biodiversity, and other benefits greater than either alone. Nature-based solutions are largely constrained by the duration of carbon accrual in soils and forest biomass; each of these carbon pools will eventually saturate. Bioenergy solutions can last indefinitely but carry significant environmental risk if carelessly deployed. We detail a simplified scenario for the U.S. that illustrates the benefits of combining approaches. We assign a portion of non-forested former cropland to bioenergy sufficient to meet projected mid-century transportation needs, with the remainder assigned to nature-based solutions such as reforestation. Bottom-up mitigation potentials for the aggregate contributions of crop, grazing, forest, and bioenergy lands are assessed by including in a Monte Carlo model conservative ranges for cost-effective local mitigation capacities, together with ranges for (a) areal extents that avoid double counting and include realistic adoption rates and (b) the projected duration of different carbon sinks. The projected duration illustrates the net effect of eventually saturating soil carbon pools in the case of most strategies, and additionally saturating biomass carbon pools in the case of reforestation. Results show a conservative end-of-century mitigation capacity of 110 (57 – 178) Gt CO<sub>2</sub>e for the U.S., ~50% higher than existing estimates that prioritize nature-based or bioenergy solutions separately. Further research is needed to shrink uncertainties but there is sufficient confidence in the general magnitude and direction of a combined approach to plan for deployment now.</p>
The conductivity profile of Earth-ionosphere cavity used in the paper "Finite-difference time-domain analysis of ELF radio wave propagation in the spherical Earth-ionosphere waveguide and its validation based on analytical solutions" by Volodymyr Marchenko, Andrzej Kulak, Janusz Mlynarczyk
<p>The file "Marchenko_FDTD_Paper_Conductivity_Profile.dat" contains the conductivity profile of Earth-ionosphere cavity. The first column provides the altitude (in km) and the second column provides the conductivity (in S/m).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.