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FIGURE 8 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads

FIGURE 8. Holotype of Amietophrynus s. chevalieri (Mocquard, 1908) MNHN 1908.033 in dorsal (a) and ventral view (b; scale bar: 10 mm.); details of hand (c) and foot (d).

FIGURE 4 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads

FIGURE 4. Pattern of head markings in juvenile Amietophrynus s. chevalieri, A. s. superciliaris and A. channingi sp. nov. (specimens in lines from left to right; SUL in mm given in brackets). A. s. chevalieri (a): line 1: ZMB 74322 (22.3 mm); A. s. superciliaris (b): line 2: MHNG 757.61 (42.4 mm); MHNG 917.99 (46.2 mm); MHNG 955.89 (59.3 mm); MHNG 1018.88 (47.5 mm); line 3: MHNG 1018.91 (30.9 mm); MHNG 1390.97 (18.2 mm); ZFMK 67268 (17.0 mm); ZFMK 73192 (30.4 mm); line 4: ZMB 19924 (57.2 mm); ZMB 19971 (35.5 mm); ZMB 19972 (34.9 mm); ZMB 19973 (30.7 mm); line 5: ZMB 74319 (19.3 mm); ZMB 74522 (38.3 mm); A. channingi sp. nov. (c) line 6: MHNG 2520.25 (36.3 mm); ZFMK 34376; ZFMK 63895 (27.0 mm); ZFMK 63896 (21.3 mm); line 7: IRSNB-KBIN 1985, IRSNB-KBIN 11364 (2 juveniles).

FIGURE 3 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads

FIGURE 3. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus s. superciliaris; juvenile from Cross River National Park, Nigeria (a); adult from Mezam, Cameroon (b); adult from Dikume Balue, Cameroon (c, d); adults from Bamenda, Cameroon (e, f: photos: V. Gvoždík); g) adult from Gabon (photo: Overmas).

FIGURE 11 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads

FIGURE 11. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. holotype (a, b) from Mwana, Democratic Republic of Congo; adult (c, d) from Irangi, Democratic Republic of Congo.

FIGURE 12 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads

FIGURE 12. Tadpole of A. channingi sp. nov. (modified after Orts 1970; scale bar mouth: 1 mm; scale bar tadpole: 10 mm): Gosner stage 25 (a): tadpole mouth, dorsal, lateral and ventral view; Gosner stage 26-28 (b): tadpole mouth, dorsal, lateral and ventral view; Gosner stage 36-37 (c): dorsal, lateral and ventral view.

FIGURE 7 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads

FIGURE 7. Head in lateral view, showing shape of eyelid: a) holotype of Amietophrynus s. chevalieri (a: MNHN 1908.033); syntype of A. laevissimus (b: ZSM 148-1989.1); syntype of A. s. superciliaris (c: BM 1947.2.21.42; photo C. McCarthy).

FIGURE 6 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads

FIGURE 6. Habitat of Amietophrynus s. chevalieri at Monts Nimba, Guinea (a); Taï National Park, Ivory Coast (b); Déré Forest Reserve, Guinea (c); Mont Béro, Guinea (d); habitat of A. s superciliaris at Cross River National Park, Nigeria (e); Bamenda Highlands, Cameroon (f, g: photos: V. Gvoždík).

FIGURE 5 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads

FIGURE 5. Dorsal view of syntypes of Amietophrynus s. superciliaris (in order left to right, top: BMNH 1947.2.21.41-45; bottom: BMNH 1947.2.21.46-49; scale bar: 10 mm; photo: C. McCarthy).

FIGURE 10 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads

FIGURE 10. Holotype of Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. in lateral view (a); dorsal view (b); details of hand (c); details of foot (d).

FIGURE 2 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads

FIGURE 2. Head in lateral view, showing shape of eyelid in adult specimens (insets show how to measure width of eyelid): Amietophrynus s. chevalieri (a; photo: C. Brede); A. s. superciliaris (b); A. channingi sp. nov. (c). Note the pointed eyelid in (b) and (c) forming a triangular eyelid process in lateral view.

FIGURE 1 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads

FIGURE 1. Distribution of Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. (red), A. superciliaris chevalieri (green) and A. s. superciliaris (blue, the purple spot refers to a specimen which was dried up, see text). Type localities are marked with a "H", vouchers from localities marked with an asterisk (*) were not available and are added from literature. Locality symbols with an embedded question mark "?" refer to imprecise recordings. I. West Africa: H= Ivory Coast (A. superciliaris chevalieri); II. western Central Africa: H1= Rio del Rey, Cameroons (A. s. superciliaris), H2= South Cameroon (A. laevissimus, synonym of A. s. superciliaris); III. eastern Central Africa: H= Democratic Republic of Congo, West Mwana (A. channingi sp. nov.).

FIGURE 3 in A new species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae), from the Atlantic rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Living adult specimen of Brachycephalus pulex sp. nov., paratopotype, MZUESC 8604, from the Serra Bonita mountain, Municipality of Camacan, State of Bahia, Brazil; SVL 8.4 mm (Photos by Iuri R. Dias, 27 July 2010).

FIGURE 2 in A new species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae), from the Atlantic rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 2. Holotype of Brachycephalus pulex sp. nov., MNRJ 69646, adult specimen. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of head; ventral views of hand (C) and foot (D). Upper and lower horizontal lines equal 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae), from the Atlantic rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Brachycephalus pulex sp. nov. Dorsal and ventral views of the holotype, MNRJ 69646, adult specimen, SVL 8.2 mm. Photo Rafael O. Abreu.

FIGURE 3 in The cane or marine toad, Rhinella marina (Anura, Bufonidae): two genetically and morphologically distinct species

FIGURE 3. Statistical parsimony network for the Rhinella marina species complex in northern Venezuela based on concatenated ND3+CR mitochondrial haplotypes. The left branches correspond to western populations and the right branches to eastern populations. Connections between haplotypes correspond to one mutational step and small dots indicate additional mutational steps.

FIGURE 4 in The cane or marine toad, Rhinella marina (Anura, Bufonidae): two genetically and morphologically distinct species

FIGURE 4. Trees showing phylogenetic relationships for the Rhinella marina species complex in northern Venezuela. Phylogenetic relationships are inferred from 429bp fragment of the ND3 (a) and 737bp for CR (b). The names refer to the location where the haplotype was collected and east and west to their location in relation the Andean Cordillera, as in Figure 1. The numbers at the nodes indicate maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference bootstrap values (ML/ MP/BI).

FIGURE 1 in The cane or marine toad, Rhinella marina (Anura, Bufonidae): two genetically and morphologically distinct species

FIGURE 1. Geographic distribution of Rhinella marina populations sampled for two mitochondrial markers and morphometric landmarks across the Andean cordillera in northern Venezuela. The circles indicate locations of specimens sequenced in this study and the squares indicate locations associated to previously published sequences used in this study. Black circles and squares correspond to eastern populations and white circles and squares to western populations. The geographic coordinates of localities are given in Table 1. The genetic distances between western and eastern populations (grey) are greater than between western populations (black) or between eastern populations (white) (see text for details).

FIGURE 2. Dorsal x in The cane or marine toad, Rhinella marina (Anura, Bufonidae): two genetically and morphologically distinct species

FIGURE 2. Dorsal x-ray images of Rhinella marina skulls from one western and one eastern population. Circles show the anatomical landmarks described in Table 2. The red circles correspond to landmarks showing the greatest contributions to the shape differences between eastern and western populations. The red arrows indicate the direction of displacement of landmarks. The white vertical bars indicate differences in measurements in externally visible landmarks between eastern and western populations.

FIGURE 5 in The cane or marine toad, Rhinella marina (Anura, Bufonidae): two genetically and morphologically distinct species

FIGURE 5. Morphological differences in skull shape between east and west populations of Rhinella marina. Changes with respect to the average on the deformation grids (a) and morphospaces in the canonical variates (b) resulting from comparisons between eastern and western populations.