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opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Availability and functionality of neontal care units in health facilities

Background Evidence shows that delivery of prompt and appropriate in-patient newborn care (IPNC) through health facility (HF)-based neonatal care and stabilization units (NCU/NSUs) reduce preventable newborn mortalities (NMs). This study investigated the HFs for the availability and performance of NCU/NSUs in providing quality IPNC, as well as an investigation of influencing factors in Mtwara region, Tanzania. Results About 70.6% (12/17) of surveyed HFs had at least one NCU/NSU room dedicated for delivery of IPNC, and 74.7% (3,600/4,819) of needy newborns were admitted/transferred in for management. Essential medicines such as tetracycline eye ointment was unavailable in 75% (3/4) of the district hospitals (DHs). A disparity existed between the availability and functioning of equipment including infant radiant warmers (92% vs 73%). Governance, support from implementing patterns (IPs), and access to healthcare commodities were identified from qualitative inquiries as factors influencing the establishment and running of NCUs/NSUs at the HFs in Mtwara region, Tanzania. Conclusion Despite the positive progress, the establishment and performance of NCUs/NSUs in providing quality IPNC in HFs in Mtwara has lagged behind the Tanzania neonatal care guideline standards, particularly after the IPs of newborn health interventions completed their terms in 2016. This study suggests additional improvement plans for Mtwara region and other comparable settings to optimize the provision of quality IPNC and lower avoidable NMs.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Triparental ageing in a laboratory population of an insect with maternal care

Parental age at reproduction influences offspring size and survival by affecting pre- and postnatal conditions in a wide variety of species, including humans. However, most investigations into this manifestation of ageing focus upon maternal age effects; the effects of paternal age and interactions between maternal and paternal age are often neglected. Furthermore, even when maternal age effects are studied, pre- and postnatal effects are often confounded. Using a cross-fostered experimental design, we investigated the joint effects of prenatal paternal and maternal and postnatal maternal ages on five traits related to offspring outcomes in a laboratory population of a species of burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides. We found a significant positive effect of the age of the egg producer on larval survival to dispersal. We found more statistical evidence for interaction effects, which acted on larval survival and egg length. Both interaction effects were negative and involved the age of the egg-producer, indicating that age-related prenatal maternal improvements were mitigated by increasing age in fathers and foster mothers. These results agree with an early study that found little evidence for maternal senescence, but it emphasizes that parental age interactions may be an important contributor to ageing patterns. We discuss how the peculiar life history of this species may promote selection to resist the evolution of parental age effects, and how this might have influenced our ability to detect senescence.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

CARE 2D denoising and upsampling example data

Example data for 2D CARE denoising/upsampling consisting of pairs of low and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) 2D images of cells. The high SNR images are acquistions of Human U2OS cells taken from the <a href="https://bbbc.broadinstitute.org/BBBC006/">Broad Bioimage Benchmark Collection</a> and the low SNR images were created by synthetically adding strong read-out and shot-noise and applying pixel binning of 2x2, thus mimicking acquisitions at a very low light level.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

EFS Care Activities Dataset

Dataset of care activities as described in the following paper: "Dataset and Methods for Recognizing Care Actvitities", Sylvia Kaczmarek, Martin Fiedler, Andreas Bongers, Sebastian Wibbeling and Rene Grzeszick, iWOAR, 2022.   This dataset has been created as part of the project "Eingabefreie Station -  Bewegungsbasierte Aufnahme von Pflegetätigkeiten zur automatisierten Dokumentation im Krankenhaus". This project is funded by the European Union and the State of Northrhine-Westphalia as part of the "Leitmarkt Gesundheit.NRW" (EFRE.NRW).   See also: https://www.eingabefreie-station.de/

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Data from: Access to resources buffers against effects of current reproduction on future ability to provide care in a burying beetle

Studies investigating the trade-off between current and future reproduction often find that increased allocation to current reproduction is associated with a reduction in the number or quality of future offspring. In species that provide parental care, this effect on future offspring may be mediated through a reduced future ability to provide care. Here, we test this idea in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, a species in which parents shift the cost of reproduction towards future offspring and provide elaborate parental care. We manipulated brood size to alter the costs females experienced in association with current reproduction and measured the level of parental care during a subsequent breeding attempt. Given that these beetles breed on carcasses of small vertebrates, it is important to consider confounding effects due to benefits associated with resource access during breeding. We therefore manipulated access to carrion and measured the level of parental care during a subsequent breeding attempt. We found that females provided the same level of care regardless of previous brood size and resource access, suggesting that neither affected future ability to provide care. This may reflect that parents feed on carrion during breeding, which may buffer against any costs of previous breeding attempts. Our results show that increased allocation to current reproduction is not necessarily associated with a reduction in future ability to provide care. Nevertheless, this may reflect unique aspects of our study system, and we encourage future work on systems where parents do not have access to a rich resource during breeding.

Evolution of female colors in birds: The role of female cost of reproduction and paternal care

Female ornamentation is frequently observed in animal species and is sometimes found as more evolutionarily labile than male ornamentation. A complex array of factors may explain its presence and variation. Here we assessed the role of female cost of reproduction and paternal care. Both factors have been pinpointed as important by theoretical studies but have not been investigated yet in detail at the interspecific level. We worked on 133 species of North temperate Passeriformes bird species for which both the clutch volume – here taken as the proxy of female cost of reproduction – and the amount of paternal care are relatively well known. Using spectrometry, we measured the whole-body colored plumage patches and quantified three metrics corresponding to brightness (i.e. achromatic component), color chromaticity (i.e. intensity), and color volume (i.e. diversity). We found a strong association between male and female color metrics. Controlling for this association, we found additional small but detectable effects of both cost of reproduction and paternal care. First, females of species with more paternal care were slightly brighter. Second, the interaction between the level of paternal care and egg volume was correlated with female color intensity: females with more paternal care tended to be more chromatic, only when their investment in reproduction was low. Together these results suggest that female cost of reproduction and paternal care are part of the multiple factors explaining variation of female coloration, besides the strong covariation between male and female coloration.

Modeling the demography of species providing extended parental care: A capture-recapture approach with a case study on Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus)

1. In species providing extended parental care, one or both parents care for altricial young over a period including more than one breeding season. We expect large parental investment and long-term dependency within family units to cause high variability in life trajectories among individuals with complex consequences at the population level. So far, models for estimating demographic parameters in free-ranging animal populations mostly ignore extended parental care, thereby limiting our understanding of its consequences on parents and offspring life histories. 2. We designed a capture-recapture multi-event model for studying the demography of species providing extended parental care. It handles statistical multiple-year dependency among individual demographic parameters grouped within family units, variable litter size, and uncertainty on the timing at offspring independence. It allows for the evaluation of trade-offs among demographic parameters, the influence of past reproductive history on the caring parent's survival status, breeding probability and litter size probability, while accounting for imperfect detection of family units. We assess the model performance using simulated data, and illustrate its use with a long-term dataset collected on the Svalbard polar bears (Ursus maritimus). 3. Our model performed well in terms of bias and mean square error and in estimating demographic parameters in all simulated scenarios, both when offspring departure probability from the family unit occurred at a constant rate or varied during the field season depending on the date of capture. For the polar bear case study, we provide estimates of adult and dependent offspring survival rates, breeding probability and litter size probability. Results showed that the outcome of the previous reproduction influenced breeding probability. 4. Overall, our results show the importance of accounting for i) the multiple-year statistical dependency within family units, ii) uncertainty on the timing at offspring independence, and iii) past reproductive history of the caring parent. If ignored, estimates obtained for breeding probability, litter size, and survival can be biased. This is of interest in terms of conservation because species providing extended parental care are often long-living mammals vulnerable or threatened with extinction.

Data from: Paternal hatching care regulates the timing, synchrony, and success of hatching in a coral reef fish

In oviparous species, the timing of hatching is a crucial decision, but for developing embryos, assessing cues that indicate the optimal time to hatch is challenging. In species with parental care, parents can assess environmental conditions and induce their offspring to hatch. We provide the first documentation of parental hatching regulation in a coral reef fish, demonstrating that male neon gobies (Elacatinus colini) directly regulate hatching by removing embryos from the clutch and spitting hatchlings into the water column. All male gobies synchronized hatching within 2h of sunrise, regardless of when eggs were laid. Paternally-incubated embryos hatched later in development, more synchronously, and had higher hatching success than artificially-incubated embryos that were shaken to simulate paternal hatching cues or not stimulated. Artificially-incubated embryos displayed substantial plasticity in hatching times (range: 88 – 244 hours post-fertilization), suggesting that males could respond to environmental heterogeneity by modifying the hatching time of their offspring. Finally, paternally-incubated embryos hatched with smaller yolk sacs and larger propulsive areas than artificially-incubated embryos, suggesting that paternal effects on hatchling phenotypes may influence larval dispersal and fitness. These findings highlight the complexity of fish parental care and may have important, and currently unstudied, consequences for fish population dynamics.

Eusociality and the transition from biparental to alloparental care in termites

<ol> <li>In eusocial organisms, cooperative brood care within a colony represents a situation where the ancestral parental care duties have shifted away from the reproductive parent(s) towards their own offspring. The shift to alloparental care was often instrumental in the initial emergence of eusociality, as it ultimately contributed to the establishment of reproductive division of labor.</li> <li>Remarkably, eusocial taxa such as ants and termites, which still display an ancestral independent colony foundation phase, must go through an obligatory parental care period, as a temporary subsocial family unit. In termites specifically, an incipient colony inherently remains a woodroach family unit until alloparental care is established. Colony foundation success can then be limited by a series of factors that may include environmental, behavioral, symbiotic, and physiological constraints.</li> <li>In this study, 450 incipient termite colonies (Coptotermes gestroi) were established to investigate the timing of physiological changes in founders during the transition from biparental to alloparental care. Results showed that the finite initial internal nutritional resources that alates carry during the dispersal flight are a primary limiting factor for successful colony establishment. The Coptotermes queen and king must rapidly establish (< 150 d) their first cohort of offspring to reach alloparental care or simply run out of resources and die. Alates, therefore, carry just enough internal resources to produce the first few alloparents (< 15 workers) to prime the system toward colony ergonomic growth, with a definitive shift to solely reproductive functions.</li> <li>Eusocial insect primary reproductive traits were optimized for three successive functions within the life cycle of a colony: alate dispersal (sexual reproduction), colony foundation (parental care), and colony growth (increased egg production toward colony maturity). However, results suggest that trade-offs involving these functions appear to primarily favor dispersal ones (quantity vs. quality of alates), as founder(s) carry minimal resources and have no room for parental care inefficiency, and as they then fully rely on their alloparents for further reproductive output.</li> </ol> The transition toward alloparental care during colony foundation of eusocial insects may therefore reflect on the initial evolutionary transition from ancestral subsociality to eusociality.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

Satisfaction with Telemedicine for Cancer Pain Management: A Model of Care and Cross-Sectional Patient Satisfaction Study

Background: Since cancer pain requires complex modalities of care, the proper strategy for addressing its telemedicine-based management should be better defined. This study aimed to trace a pathway for a progressive implementation of the telemedicine process for the treatment of pain in the setting of cancer patients. Methods: The features of the model were investigated to dissect the dropout from the telemedicine pathway. A cross-sectional patient satisfaction study was conducted. The degree of satisfaction was evaluated through a developed 22-item questionnaire (Likert scale 0–7). Results: A total of 375 video consultations for 164 patients (mean age 62.9 years) were performed through remote consultations for cancer pain management between March 2021 and February 2022. After the exclusion of 72 patients, 92 (56.1%) were included in the analysis. The dropout ratio was 8.7%. The number of visits and pharmacological therapies for neuropathic pain correlated with the risk for readmission (p < 0.05). Overall, the satisfaction was very high (mean > 5.5 for all items). Conclusion: Feedback from patients reflected high satisfaction rates with the care provided. A methodological approach based on the degree of satisfaction combined with the analysis of the pathways can help to implement the quality of a service provided through telemedicine. While not without limitations, our hybrid protocol can be useful for addressing cancer pain through a patient-centered approach.

Can age-related changes in parental care modulate inbreeding depression? A test using the burying beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis

Parental care has been shown to reduce the magnitude of inbreeding depression in some species with facultative care. However, parents often vary in the quality or amount of care they provide to their offspring and it is less clear whether this variation also impacts the magnitude of inbreeding depression. Here, we tested whether age related changes in parental care modulate the expression of inbreeding depression in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis. Consistent with previous studies, we found that older parents produced larger broods of offspring than younger parents without sacrificing mean larval mass. Inbreeding depression was evident in several fitness-related traits: brood size at dispersal, the proportion of the brood that survived to eclosion, and mean age at death were all reduced in inbred broods compared to outbred broods. Surprisingly, inbred offspring were heavier at dispersal than outbred offspring. This was likely due to reduced sibling competition in inbred broods. Despite evidence for age related changes in parental investment and the existence of inbreeding depression, there was no evidence that an interaction between the two influenced any of the traits we measured. Our results suggest that age-related changes in parental care may be too slight to influence the expression of inbreeding depression.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Data from: Nature versus nurture: Structural equation modeling indicates that parental care does not mitigate consequences of poor environmental conditions in Eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis)

1. How organisms respond to variation in environmental conditions and whether behavioral responses can mitigate negative consequences on growth, condition and other fitness measures are critical to our ability to conserve populations in changing environments. Offspring development is affected by environmental conditions and parental care behavior. When adverse environmental conditions are present, parents may alter behaviors to mitigate the impacts of poor environmental conditions on offspring. 2. We determined if parental behavior (provisioning rates, attentiveness, nest temperature) varied in relation to environmental conditions (e.g., food availability, ectoparasites) and if parental behavior mitigated negative consequences of the environment on their offspring in Eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis). 3. We found that offspring on territories with lower food availability had higher hematocrit, and when bird blow flies (Protocalliphora spp.) were present growth rates were reduced. Parents increased provisioning and nest attendance in response to increased food availability but did not alter behavior in response to parasitism by blow flies. While parents altered behavior in response to resource availability, parents were unable to override the direct effects of negative environmental conditions on offspring growth and hematocrit. 4. Our work highlights the importance of the environment on offspring development and suggests that parents may not be able to sufficiently alter behavior to ameliorate challenging environmental conditions.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Data from: The viewer doesn't always seem to care - response to fake animal rescues on YouTube and implications for social media self-policing policies

Animal-related content on social media is hugely popular but is not always appropriate in terms of how animals are portrayed or how they are treated. This has potential implications beyond the individual animals involved, for viewers, for wild animal populations, and for societies and their interactions with animals. Whilst social media platforms usually publish guidelines for permitted content, enforcement relies at least in part on viewers reporting inappropriate posts. Currently, there is no external regulation of social media platforms. Based on a set of 241 "fake animal rescue" videos that exhibited clear signs of animal cruelty and strong evidence of being deliberately staged (i.e. fake), we found little evidence that viewers disliked the videos and an overall mixed response in terms of awareness of the fake nature of the videos, and their attitudes towards the welfare of the animals involved. Our findings suggest, firstly, that despite the narrowly defined nature of the videos used in this case study, exposure rates can be extremely high (one of the videos had been viewed over 100 million times), and, secondly, that many YouTube viewers cannot identify (or are not concerned by) animal welfare or conservation issues within a social media context. In terms of the current policy approach of social media platforms, our findings raise questions regarding the value of their current reliance on consumers as watch dogs.

opencc-by-sa-4.0Oct 2017View details →

"Abdominal pain in emergency departments in a well-developed primary care system, a retrospective observational study"

This is the dataset that is used for the original article: “Abdominal pain in emergency departments in a well-developed primary care system, a retrospective observational study”

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

Effects of nest-site availability on male-male competition and the foraging costs associated with paternal care in a resource-defense species

Effects of nest-site availability on male-male competition and associated costs of nest site maintenance and paternal care in a resource-defense species This repository contains the .csv files used for the statistical analyses of the study "Effects of nest-site availability on male-male competition and associated costs of nest site maintenance and paternal care in a resource-defense species". In case of questions, please email Laís A. Grossel: <a href="mailto:laisgrossel@gmail.com">laisgrossel@gmail.com</a> Data files and structure We have files for the analysis with field and experimental data. With the file field.csv we tested the probability of males obtaining a nest and receiving eggs from females. In this file, we have the headers: <ul> <li>maleID: identity of males in the field</li> <li>DSW: dorsal scute width, in mm</li> <li>mass: to the nearest 0.001 g</li> <li>nest_possession: with 2 levels: 0 if the male did not possess a nest and 1 if the male possessed a nest</li> <li>nest_opening: in cm</li> <li>parental_status: with 3 levels: 0 if the male did not have a nest, 1: if the male had a nest but no eggs, and 2: if the male had a nest and eggs</li> </ul> With the file experiment_nests.csv we tested predictions related with the nest possession. In this file, we have the headers: <ul> <li>terrariaID: identity of the 14 terraria (containing 4 or 8 nests)</li> <li>exp_group: experimental group, with 2 levels of nests availability: low (4 nests per terraria) and high (8 nests per terraria)</li> <li>nestID: identity of the nests</li> <li>occupation: if the nest was once occupied during the experiment, with 2 levels: 0 if it was never occupied and 1 if it was occupied at least once</li> <li>occupied_scans: number of scans with any male inside the nest</li> <li>vacant_scans: number of scans without any male inside the nest</li> <li>total_scans: total number of observation scans </li> <li>owners: number of different owners of the nest (at least 6 consecutive scans)</li> <li>turnover: if there was at least a substitution of the nest owner without figths, with 2 levels: 0 if there was not any substitution and 1 if there was a substitution</li> <li>turnovers_number: number of substitutions of the nest owner without figths</li> <li>takeover: if there was at least a takeover attempt of the nest after figths, with 2 levels: 0 if there was not any attempt and 1 if there was an attempt</li> <li>takeovers_number: number of takeover attempts of the nest after figths</li> <li>fight: if there was at least a figth inside or close to the nest, with 2 levels: 0 if there was not any figth and 1 if there was a figth</li> <li>fights_number: number of figths inside or close to the nest</li> <li>canibalism: if there was at least a cannibalism event inside the nest, 2 levels: 0 if there was not any cannibalism event and 1 if there was a cannibalism event</li> <li>canibalism_number: number of cannibalism events inside the nest</li> </ul> With the file experiment_males.csv we tested predictions related to the males owners. In this file, we have the headers: <ul> <li>terrariaID: identity of the 14 terraria (containing 4 or 8 nests)</li> <li>exp_group: experimental group, with 2 levels of nests availability: low (4 nests per terraria) and high (8 nests per terraria)</li> <li>maleID: identitity of the males</li> <li>DSW: dorsal scute width, in mm</li> <li>nest_possession: with 2 levels: 0 if the male never possessed a nest during the experiment and 1 if the male possessed a nest at least once (6 consecutive scans)</li> <li>nestID: identity of the nest possessed by the male</li> <li>inside_scans: number of scans with the male inside his nest</li> <li>outside_scans: number of scans with the male outside his nest</li> <li>total_scans: total number of scans in which the male was the owner of the nest</li> <li>takeover: if the male suffered a takeover attempt of his nest, with 2 levels: 0 if the male did not suffer any attempt and 1 if the male suffered an attempt</li> <li>eggs: if the male received eggs from a female, with 2 levels: 0 if the male did not receive eggs and 1 if the male received eggs</li> <li>eggs_number: number of eggs received </li> <li>cannibalism: if the owner male cannibalized the eggs inside the nest, 2 levels: 0 if the male did not cannibalize eggs and 1 if the male cannibalized eggs</li> <li>cannibalism_number: number of cannibalism events by the owner male </li> </ul> With the file fights-takeovers.csv we tested predictions related with nest takeovers. In this file, we have the headers: <ul> <li>terrariaID: identity of the 14 terraria (containing 4 or 8 nests)</li> <li>exp_group: experimental group, with 2 levels of nests availability: low (4 nests per terraria) and high (8 nests per terraria)</li> <li>nestID: identity of the nest possessed by the male</li> <li>focalID: identitity of the focal males (the owner nest)</li> <li>DSW: dorsal scute width, in mm</li> <li>fight: if the male was involved in at least a figth, with 2 levels: 0 if the male was not involved in any figth and 1 if the male was involved in a figth</li> <li>takeover: if the male suffered a takeover attempt of his nest, with 2 levels: 0 if the male did not suffer any attempt and 1 if the male suffered an attempt. Obs: the nest takeover always happens after a fight. If there was a takeover, then there was a fight too.</li> <li>res_focal: result of the figth or takeover for the focal male, with 2 levels: 0 if the focal male did not lose the figth or the nest and 1 if the focal male lost the figth or the nest</li> <li>intruderID: identity of the intruder male involved in the figth or the takeover with the owner male</li> <li>intruder_DSL: dorsal scute width of the intruder male, in mm</li> <li>dyad: identity of the two individuals involved in the figth or takeover (owner male and intruder male)</li> <li>DSW_difference: difference between the dorsal scute width of the dyad (focal male minus intruder male)</li> </ul> With the file foraging.csv we tested a prediction related with males foraging. In this file, we have the headers: <ul> <li>terrariaID: identity of the 14 terraria (containing 4 or 8 nests)</li> <li>exp_group: experimental group, with 2 levels of nests availability: low (4 nests per terraria) and high (8 nests per terraria)</li> <li>nestID: identity of the nest possessed by the male</li> <li>maleID: identitity of the males</li> <li>parental_status: with 2 levels: 0 if the male did not have eggs in the nest and 1: if the male had eggs</li> <li>inside_scans: number of scans with the male inside his nest</li> <li>outside_scans: number of scans with the male outside his nest</li> <li>total_scans: total number of scans in which the male was the owner of the nest</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Figure 2 in Monitoring the feeding and parental care behavior of a pair of free-living owls (Tyto furcata) in the nest during the reproductive period in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Figure 2. The first egg of the couple of Tyto furcata. Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Doubts about the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis in pregnancy among primary care professionals in a telehealth service

<div> <div> <div> <div>This cross-sectional study aims to describe doubts regarding the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis in pregnancy among primary care professionals in a telehealth service. All teleconsultations (TCs) offered through TelessaúdeRS-UFRGS to primary health care (PHC) services in a state in southern Brazil involving syphilis in pregnancy were included. A total of 356 (TCs) were analyzed.</div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div> <div> <div>The main doubts about syphilis during pregnancy raised by primary care professionals were related to the need for retreatment (35%), diagnostic definition (23%), and initial treatment (16%). In addition, 95% of TCs were suitable for diagnosing and treating syphilis based on the Brazilian Ministry of Health guidelines. This study suggests that TCs can identify failures in the diagnosis and treatment of public health problems and support decision-making in PHC involving syphilis in pregnancy.</div> </div> </div> </div>

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Utility index and vision related quality of life in patients awaiting specialist eye care

Objectives: This study aimed to ascertain utility and vision-related quality of life in patients awaiting access to specialist eye care. A secondary aim was to evaluate the association of utility indices with demographic profile and waiting time. Methods: Consecutive patients that had been waiting for ophthalmology care answered the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25). The questionnaire was administered when patients arrived at the clinics for their first visit. We derived a utility index (VFQ-UI) from the patients' responses, then calculated the correlation between this index and waiting time and compared utility across demographic subgroups stratified by age, sex, and care setting. Results: 536 individuals participated in the study (mean age 52.9±16.6 years; 370 women, 69% women). The median utility index was 0.85 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.70–0.92; minimum 0.40, maximum 0.97). The mean VFQ-25 score was 70.88±14.59. Utility correlated weakly and nonsignificantly with waiting time (-0.05, P = 0.24). It did not vary across age groups (P = 0.85) or care settings (P = 0.77). Utility was significantly lower for women (0.84, IQR 0.70–0.92) than men (0.87, IQR 0.73–0.93, P = 0.03), but the magnitude of this difference was small (Cohen's d = 0.13). Conclusion: Patients awaiting access to ophthalmology care had a utility index of 0.85 on a scale of 0 to 1. This measurement was not previously reported in the literature. Utility measures can provide insight into patients' perspectives and support economic health analyses and inform health policies.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Walker et al - Prolactin and the shared regulation of parental care and cooperative helping behaviour in white-browed sparrow weaver societies - Data Set

This file provides the data set supporting the analyses presented in a Walker et al manuscript titled "Prolactin and the shared regulation of parental care and cooperative helping behaviour in white-browed sparrow weaver societies" at first submission for review.