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440 results for “community changes”
Changes in microbial community structure and functioning with elevation are linked to local soil characteristics as well as climatic variables
<p>Mountain forests are important carbon stocks but are threatened by increased insect outbreaks and climate driven forest conversion. Soil microorganisms play an eminent role in nutrient cycling in forests and form the basis of soil food webs. Uncovering the driving factors shaping microbial communities and functioning at mountainsides worldwide is of importance to better understand their dynamics at local and global scales. We investigated microbial communities and their drivers along an elevational gradient of primary forests at Changbai Mountain, China. We analysed substrate-induced respiration and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) in litter and two soil layers at seven sites. In the litter layer the increase in microbial biomass (Cmic) as well as in stress indicator ratios with elevation were negatively correlated with Ca concentrations indicating increased nutritional stress in high microbial biomass communities at sites with lower Ca availability. PLFA profiles in litter separated low and high elevations, this was less pronounced in soil, suggesting that leaflitter functions as buffer for soil microbial communities. Annual variations in temperature correlated with PLFA profiles in all layers, while annual variations in precipitation correlated with PLFA profiles in upper soil only. Furthermore, the availability of resources, soil moisture, Ca concentrations and pH structured the microbial communities. Pronounced changes in Cmic and stress indicator ratios in the litter layer between pine dominated (800 – 1100 m) and spruce dominated (1250 – 1700 m) forests indicated a shift in the structure and functioning of microbial communities between forest types. The study highlights strong changes in microbial community structure and functioning along elevational gradients, but also shows that these changes and their driving factors vary between layers. Besides annual variations in temperature and precipitation, carbon accumulation and nitrogen acquisition shape changes in microbial communities with elevation at Changbai Mountain.</p>
Data from: Quantifying (non)parallelism of microbial community change using multivariate vector analysis
<p>Parallel evolution of phenotypic traits is regarded as strong evidence for natural selection and has been studied extensively in a variety of taxa. However, we have limited knowledge of whether parallel evolution of host organisms is accompanied by parallel changes of their associated microbial communities (i.e., microbiotas), which are crucial for their hosts' ecology and evolution. Determining the extent of microbiota parallelism in nature can improve our ability to identify the factors that are associated with (putatively adaptive) shifts in microbial communities. While it has been emphasized that (non)parallel evolution is better considered as a quantitative continuum rather than a binary phenomenon, quantitative approaches have rarely been used to study microbiota parallelism. We advocate using multivariate vector analysis (i.e., phenotypic change vector analysis) to quantify direction and magnitude of microbiota changes and discuss the applicability of this approach for studying parallelism. We exemplify its use by reanalyzing gut microbiota data from multiple fish species that exhibit parallel shifts in trophic ecology. This approach provides an analytical framework for quantitative comparisons across host lineages, thereby providing the potential to advance our capacity to predict microbiota changes. Hence, we encourage the development and application of quantitative measures, such as multivariate vector analysis, to better understand the role of microbiota dynamics during their hosts' adaptive evolution, particularly in settings of parallel evolution.</p>
Plant litter chemistry drives long-lasting changes in the catabolic capacities of soil microbial communities
<p><span>Although </span><span>microbial communities play an important role in explaining plant litter decomposition rates, whether and how litter chemistry may alter catabolic capacities of soil microbial communities remains poorly studied.</span></p> <p><span>During a one-year litter decomposition experiment of twelve herbaceous species with contrasting litter chemistry, we examined the effect of plant litter type (roots vs leaves) and litter chemical traits on the resulting capacity of soil microbial communities to degrade a wide range of carbon substrates of variable complexity (MicroRespTM method).</span></p> <p><span>Litter chemistry impacted both the total catabolic activity as well as specific catabolic capacities of microbial communities. In early stages of litter decomposition total catabolic activity was mainly influenced by the amount of C and N in litter leachates, and litter N, P and Mg, then, later, by lignin concentrations. Some specific catabolic capacities could also be related to litter initial chemistry. Overall, litter trait effects on soil microbial communities decreased over time and the relative importance of traits shifted during the decomposition process.</span></p> <p><span>Our results highlight that litter chemistry is a strong driver of catabolic capacities of microbial decomposers and, whilst its effect fades with time, it remains substantial throughout the litter decomposition process. These long-lasting effects of litter chemistry suggest a persistent control on microbial catabolic capacities in ecosystems with recurrent litter production. Soil microbial catabolic activities were driven by broadly the same chemical traits across leaf and root litters. </span></p> <p><span>Synthesis.</span><span> Such long-lasting effects of litter chemistry on catabolic capacities of microbial communities may represent a substantial indirect driver of the decomposition process. Disentangling the relative importance of this overlooked effect of litter chemistry on decomposition represents the next challenge. We argue that such research line should open ground-breaking perspectives for reconsidering our current understanding of the mechanistic links between litter traits and decomposition rate. </span></p>
Pollinator community and generalisation of pollinator spectra changes with plant niche width and local dominance
<p>Floral traits are assumed to be the main determinants of plants' pollinator spectrum, yet a majority of temperate plant species possess traits allowing for a certain degree of generalisation of their pollinator spectrum. The actual level of pollinator spectrum generalisation is likely to be the result of both plant floral traits and the diversity and abundance of plant species a plant co-occurs with. We expect that plant species co-occurring in highly diverse plant communities should host more generalised pollinator spectra. In the present study, we explore the degree to which the composition and generalisation of plant-pollinator spectra depend on the plant's niche width (measured as co-occurrence with other plant species) and its local dominance (as measured by mean cover in the community). For this purpose, we compiled a database of >250 plant species pollinator spectra from the literature and coupled it with data on plant niche width and local dominance based on the Czech National Phytosociological Database. Species with wider niches had on average more generalised pollinator spectra, ranging from bumblebee-dominated spectra to Diptera- and/or nitidulid beetle-dominated spectra, which was strongly related to plant phylogeny. Plants with bumblebee-dominated spectra had neither wide nor narrow niches. The majority of plants had either muscid-, hoverfly- or nitidulid-dominated or completely generalised pollinator spectra. Among such plants, higher local dominance increased the proportion of opportune muscids in pollinator spectrum, while hoverflies showed the opposite pattern. Honeybees although rather infrequent in pollinator spectra also showed a strong response to locally dominant plant species.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em>: The composition of a plant's pollinator spectrum is not independent of other aspects of the plant's life-history, namely, niche width and the ability to dominate the community. Wider plant species niches result in more generalised pollinator spectra, supporting our hypothesis that habitat generalists are less prone to specialisation on particular pollinator groups. Conversely, the ability to dominate local plant communities influenced pollinator spectra mainly through specific responses of individual pollinator groups.</p>
Changing School Start Times: Impact on Student, Family, Teacher, and Community Health
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03964181. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Investigation of Change in The WHO-5 Well-Being Index During a Year in a Community Psychiatry in Denmark
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03501329. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Changing Health Behaviors to Manage Chronic Conditions in Community-dwelling African American Breast Cancer Survivors
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03575624. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Reducing Disparities in Diabetes Risk Through Lifestyle Changes in Community Settings
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00770926. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
A Community-based Participatory Intervention to Change Attitudes Towards Female Circumcision Among Somali Immigrants in Sweden
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02335697. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Detection of Clinical-functional Changes Following Exercise Therapy and Neuroscience Education in Institutionalised and Community-dwelling Older Adults Diagnosed With Sarcopenia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05875597. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Promoting Self-Change From Alcohol Problems: Mechanisms of Change in a Community-Based Intervention
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00732095. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Plant genetics and interspecific competitive interactions determine ectomycorrhizal fungal community responses to climate change
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Data from: 18S rRNA metabarcoding diet analysis of the predatory fish community across seasonal changes in prey availability
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Plant litter chemistry drives long-lasting changes in the catabolic capacities of soil microbial communities
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Contrasting responses of different functional groups stabilise community responses to a dominant shrub under global change
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Species interactions limit the predictability of community responses to environmental change
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Data from: Forest structure determines spatial changes in avian community along an elevational gradient in tropical Africa
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Data from: Intraspecific variation of a dominant grass and local adaptation in reciprocal garden communities along a US Great Plains’ precipitation gradient: implications for grassland restoration with climate change
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Data from: Growth-competition-herbivore resistance trade-offs and the responses of alpine plant communities to climate change
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Changes in soil fungal communities following anthropogenic disturbance are linked to decreased lodgepole pine seedling performance
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.