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539 results for “disentangling”
Disentangling biotic and abiotic drivers of intraspecific trait variation in woody plant seedlings at forest edges
<p>In fragmented forests, edge effects can drive intraspecific variation in seedling performance that influences forest regeneration and plant composition. However, few studies have attempted to disentangle the relative biotic and abiotic drivers of intraspecific variation in seedling performance. In this study, we carried out a seedling transplant experiment with a factorial experimental design on three land-bridge islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China, using four common native woody plant species. At different distances from the forest edge (2, 8, 32, 128 m), we transplanted four seedlings of each species into each of three cages: full-cage, for herbivore-exclusion; half-cage, that allowed herbivore access but controlled for caging artefacts; and no-cage control. In the 576 cages, we recorded branch architecture, leaf traits and seedling survival for each seedling before and after the experimental treatment. Overall, after one full growing season, edge-induced abiotic drivers and varied herbivory pressure led to intraspecific variation in seedling performance, including trade-offs in seedling architecture and resource-use strategies. However, responses varied across species with different life-history strategies and depended on the driver in question, such that the abiotic and biotic effects were additive across species, rather than interactive. Edge-induced abiotic variation modified seedling architecture of a shade-tolerant species, leading to more vertical rather than lateral growth at edges. Meanwhile, increased herbivory pressure resulted in a shift toward lower dry matter investment in leaves of a light-demanding species. Our results suggest that edge effects can drive rapid directional shifts in the performance and intraspecific traits of some woody plants from early ontogenetic stages, but most species in this study showed negligible phenotypic responses to edge effects. Moreover, species-specific responses suggest the importance of interspecific differences modulating the degree of trait plasticity, implying the need to incorporate individual-level responses when understanding the impact of forest fragmentation on plant communities.</p>
Disentangling leaf morphology in Daustinia montana (Convolvulaceae)
<p><em>Daustinia montana</em> (Convolvulaceae) is the only species of the genus, and is notable for its wide leaf variability. To understand whether this plasticity is correlated with the distribution of the species, linear morphometric and leaf contour analyses were performed. Specimens from herbaria were photographed, and pre-established linear measurements were made. A multivariate analysis was then performed to test the strength of associations among morphological characteristics, climatic variables, and distribution of the species. Elliptic Fourier analysis based on 20 harmonics was used to generate shape descriptors, resulting in nine main components. With elliptic Fourier descriptors, a grouping tree was created that suggests the existence of six morphotypes in D. montana. Moreover, clustering analysis revealed two large groups distinguished mainly by leaf width. The present findings indicate that the morphotypes are strongly related to latitude and that other characteristics such as the type of indumentum are related to climatic variables.</p> <p> </p>
A tail of plumage colouration: disentangling geographic, seasonal, and dietary effects on plumage colour in a migratory songbird
<p>Plumage ornamentation in birds serves critical inter- and intra-sexual signaling functions. While carotenoid-based plumage colouration is often viewed as a classic condition dependent sexually selected trait, plumage colouration can be influenced by a wide array of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Understanding the mechanisms underlying variation in colouration is especially important for species where the signaling function of ornamental traits is complex or the literature conflicting. Here, we examined variation in the yellow/orange tail feathers of American redstarts (<em>Setophaga ruticilla</em>) passing through two migratory stopover sites in eastern North America during both spring and fall migration to assess the role of geographic variation and seasonality in influencing feather colouration. In addition, we investigated whether diet during moult (inferred via stable isotope analysis of feather δ15N and δ13C) influenced plumage colouration. Our findings indicate that geographic variation, season, and diet all influence individual differences in American redstart colouration, represented by both traditional and tetrahedral colour variables. The extent to which these factors influence colour expression however is largely dependent on the colour metric under study, likely because different colour metrics reflect different attributes of the feather (e.g., structural components vs. pigment deposition). The effects of diet (δ15N) and season were pronounced for brightness, suggesting a strong effect of diet and feather wear/degradation on feather structure. Though hue, a metric that should strongly reflect pigment deposition, also changed from spring to fall, that effect was dependent on age, with only adults experiencing a reduction in ornamentation. Taken together, our results highlight the numerous sources of variation behind plumage coloration and underscores the difficulty of unraveling complex visual signaling systems, such as those in American redstarts.</p>
FIGURE 4 in Disentangling the Pelodiscus axenaria complex, with the description of a new Chinese species and neotype designation for P. axenaria (Zhou, Zhang & Fang, 1991)
FIGURE 4. Dorsal and ventral aspects of the holotype of Pelodiscus shipian sp. nov. (JNU 20190011, adult female, 100.5 mm CL).
FIGURE 3 in Disentangling the Pelodiscus axenaria complex, with the description of a new Chinese species and neotype designation for P. axenaria (Zhou, Zhang & Fang, 1991)
FIGURE 3. Variation in plastron colouration and pattern in Pelodiscus axenaria. Males above, females below (none collected); all from Longsheng, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Not to scale.
FIGURE 7 in Disentangling the Pelodiscus axenaria complex, with the description of a new Chinese species and neotype designation for P. axenaria (Zhou, Zhang & Fang, 1991)
FIGURE 7. Genetically verified records for species of the Pelodiscus axenaria complex in central China (compiled from Chen et al. 2005, 2006; Yang et al. 2011; Gong et al. 2018, 2021 and this study). Blue: P. axenaria, red: P. huangshanensis, green: P. shipian sp. nov.
FIGURE 1 in Disentangling the Pelodiscus axenaria complex, with the description of a new Chinese species and neotype designation for P. axenaria (Zhou, Zhang & Fang, 1991)
FIGURE 1. Dorsal and ventral aspects of the freshly dead neotype of Pelodiscus axenaria (JNU 20210001, adult male, 128.7 mm CL).
FIGURE 6 in Disentangling the Pelodiscus axenaria complex, with the description of a new Chinese species and neotype designation for P. axenaria (Zhou, Zhang & Fang, 1991)
FIGURE 6. Variation in colouration and pattern in Pelodiscus shipian sp. nov. Freshly dead paratypes JNU 20210005 (male, top and bottom left), JNU 20210004 (male, top right) and JNU 20210006 (female, bottom right), all from Hunan Province, China. Not to scale.
FIGURE 5 in Disentangling the Pelodiscus axenaria complex, with the description of a new Chinese species and neotype designation for P. axenaria (Zhou, Zhang & Fang, 1991)
FIGURE 5. One of the paratypes of Pelodiscus shipian sp. nov. (JNU 20210002, adult female, 88.2 mm CL) in life.
Disentangling the role of environmental filtering and biotic resistance on alien invasions in a reservoir area
<p>Data from: Disentangling the role of environmental filtering and biotic resistance on alien invasions in a reservoir area</p>
Considering inner and outer bark as distinctive tissues helps to disentangle the effects of bark traits on decomposition
<p>Revealing the ecological consequences of bark multifunctionality and its underlying traits has become a relatively new but essential focus in plant ecology. Although the enormous differences between the most crucial bark layers, i.e., inner and outer bark, in structure and functions have been widely recognized, the overall bark has been regarded as a homogenous tissue in most bark-related studies. This has led to poor knowledge on the functional independence, specialized contributions and possible linkages of inner and outer bark traits across tree species when further evaluating the crucial ecosystem functions that bark provides, especially in driving variation in bark decomposition. To fill this research gap, we used a "common garden experiment" on deadwood of six gymnosperms in a temperate forest in the Netherlands over four years of decomposition. We evaluated the differences and associations between inner and outer bark in initial functional traits, decomposition rates and afterlife effects of traits in driving in-situ bark decomposition across tree species at the earlier decomposition stage. We report four main findings: 1) inner and outer bark traits varied significantly and were not coordinated across tree species; 2) correspondingly, the decomposition of inner and outer bark were asynchronous and not coordinated across species and inner bark generally decomposed faster than outer bark; 3) the strong predictive traits driving bark decomposability were bark layer-specific, with several inner bark traits controlling inner bark decomposition rates but outer bark decomposability being poorly predicted by outer bark traits; 4) besides being controlled by inner bark traits, inner bark decomposition was also indirectly regulated by several functional traits and the structure-related trait spectrum of outer bark. Synthesis. This is the first study that has linked functional traits, decomposability and afterlife effects of inner and outer bark within the bark quantitatively. We highlight the significance of separating functional traits and ecological consequences of inner and outer bark in research in bark ecology and deadwood dynamics, rather than erroneously considering bark as a homogeneous tissue. Such research will help to better evaluate the function-oriented contribution of bark to the turnover of forest carbon and biogeochemical cycles from local to global scale.</p>
Supplementary Data for the Project Multiomics and quantitative modelling disentangle diet, host, and microbiota contributions to the host metabolome
<p><strong>Supplementary Tables for the Project "Multiomics and quantitative modelling disentangle diet, host, and microbiota contributions to the host metabolome"</strong></p> <p>Supplementary Table 1. List of 18 genome-sequenced human gut bacteria with metabolic characteristics that were used for community assembly.</p> <p>Supplementary Table 2. Diet composition.</p> <p>Supplementary Table 3. Species relative abundance.</p> <p>Supplementary Table 4. Gene abundance and expression changes.</p> <p>Supplementary Table 5. Gene pathway enrichment results.</p> <p>Supplementary Table 6. Metabolomics data.</p> <p>Supplementary Table 7. Metabolite fold changes, clustering and model parameters.</p> <p>Supplementary Table 8. Description of the intestinal flux model.</p> <p>Supplementary Table 9. Enzymatic paths between substrates and products.</p> <p>Supplementary Table 10. Pearson's correlation coefficients between potential substrates and products, and metagenomics and metatranscriptomic measurements.</p>
Disentangling the effects of biomass and productivity in plant competition
<p>The relationship between competition and productivity in plant communities is unclear, likely due to (i) a confusion in the literature between productivity and biomass, (ii) the lack of studies assessing variation in competition in all combinations of biomass and productivity. We assessed the outcome of plant-plant interactions by removing neighbors around five focal species in 14 herbaceous communities with contrasting biomasses and productivities: meadows with high biomass and productivity, heathlands with high biomass and low productivity, understorey communities of deciduous forests with low biomass and high productivity and calcareous grasslands with low biomass and low productivity. Competition intensity was quantified with the relative interaction index (RII) calculated for both survival and growth of the transplanted targets assessed with the increase in leaf number. To examine which traits better explain variation in competition and what drives variation in diversity, we e also quantified litter decomposition rate, species composition and diversity and six morphological traits related to plant size and growth rate for eight dominant species of each community. Our main questions were: (i) is competition mostly related to biomass or productivity? (ii) which traits of the community dominants better explain variation in competition? (iii) is variation in competition and related-traits correlated with variation in diversity? Competition for survival significantly increased with increasing community biomass (but not productivity). In addition, competition for survival increased with the size traits and competitive effects of the dominant species of the communities, while diversity decreased. Competition for growth also increased with increasing productivity, but only for high biomass communities. Additionally, the increase in competition for growth with increasing soil fertility, as measured with litter decomposition rate, was only due to an increase in target growth in plots without neighbors and was unrelated to community competitive effects and species diversity. The results of our study illustrate how the confusion between productivity and biomass could have contributed to the longstanding debate on variation in competition along productivity gradients and its consequence for diversity.</p>
FIGURES 18–21 in Taxonomy of 'Euconnus complex'. Part XV. Disentangling the Euconnus - Sciacharis knot (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
FIGURES 18–21. MorphologIcal structures of Magellanoconnus (s. str.) laurisilvae (Franz), comb. rest. (type specIes of Magellanoconnus). Head, prothorax and elytral base In dorsal vIew (18); head In ventral vIew (19); prothorax In ventral vIew (20); pterothorax In ventral vIew (21). AbbrevIatIons: abp, antebasal pIt; amvp, anterIor metaventral process; bef, basal elytral fovea; bst, basIsternal part of prosternum; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal rIdge; hyr, hypomeral rIdge; mc, medIan carIna; mn, mentum; msvp, mesoventral Intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral Intermetacoxal process; nss, notosternal suture; pcr, procoxal rest; ptp, posterIor tentorIal pIt; slc, sublateral carIna; smn, submentum.
FIGURES 22–25 in Taxonomy of 'Euconnus complex'. Part XV. Disentangling the Euconnus - Sciacharis knot (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
FIGURES 22–25. MorphologIcal structures of Neuraphoconnus caledonicus Franz, comb. rest. (type specIes of Neuraphoconnus). Head, prothorax and elytral base In dorsal vIew (22); head In ventral vIew (23); prothorax and anterIor portIon of mesothorax In ventral vIew (24); pterothorax In ventral vIew (25). AbbrevIatIons: abg, antebasal groove; amvp, anterIor metaventral process; bef, basal elytral fovea; bst, basIsternal part of prosternum; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal rIdge; hyr, hypomeral rIdge; lc, lateral carIna; mn, mentum; msvp, mesoventral Intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral Intermetacoxal process; nss, notosternal suture; pcr, procoxal rest; ptp, posterIor tentorIal pIt; smn, submentum.
FIGURES 14–17 in Taxonomy of 'Euconnus complex'. Part XV. Disentangling the Euconnus - Sciacharis knot (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
FIGURES 14–17. MorphologIcal structures of Sciacharis (s. str.) lanosa (Broun) (type specIes of Allomaoria). Head, prothorax and elytral base In dorsal vIew (14); head In ventral vIew (15); prothorax and anterIor portIon of mesothorax In ventral vIew (16); pterothorax In ventral vIew (17). AbbrevIatIons: abp, antebasal pIt; bef, basal elytral fovea; bst, basIsternal part of prosternum; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal rIdge; hyr, hypomeral rIdge; mn, mentum; msvp, mesoventral Intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral Intermetacoxal process; nss, notosternal suture; pcr, procoxal rest; ptp, posterIor tentorIal pIt; slc, sublateral carIna; smn, submentum.
FIGURES 1–9 in Taxonomy of 'Euconnus complex'. Part XV. Disentangling the Euconnus - Sciacharis knot (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
FIGURES 1–9. RepresentatIves of all genus-group names prevIously or currently Included In Sciacharis; dorsal habItus. Euconnus (Austroconophron) tindoui Franz, comb. rest. (type specIes of Austroconophron) (1); Sciacharis (s. str.) lanosa (Broun) (type specIes of Allomaoria) (2); Sciacharis (s. str.) fulva Broun (type specIes of Sciacharis) (3); Sciacharis (Maorinus) alacer (Broun) (type specIes of Maorinus) (4); Magellanoconnus (s. str.) laurisilvae (Franz), comb. rest. (type specIes of Magellanoconnus) (5); Magellanoconnus (Anthicimimus) anthiciformis (Franz), comb. n. (type specIes of Anthicimimus) (6); Neuraphoconnus caledonicus Franz, comb. rest. (type specIes of Neuraphoconnus) (7); Microscydmus (Valdivioconnus) stenichniformis (Franz), comb. n. (type specIes of Valdivioconnus) (8); and Kangarooconnus carinifrons (Franz), comb. n. (type specIes of Kangarooconnus) (9).
FIGURES 42–43 in Taxonomy of 'Euconnus complex'. Part XV. Disentangling the Euconnus - Sciacharis knot (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
FIGURES 42–43. OrIgInal set of labels of Euconnus (Austroconophron) tindoui Franz, comb. rest. (type specIes of Austroconophron), lectotype (42); Sciacharis (s. str.) lanosa (Broun) (type specIes of Allomaoria), lectotype (43); Magellanoconnus (s. str.) laurisilvae (Franz), comb. rest. (type specIes of Magellanoconnus), holotype (44); Neuraphoconnus caledonicus Franz, comb. rest. (type specIes of Neuraphoconnus), lectotype (45); Microscydmus (Valdivioconnus) stenichniformis (Franz), comb. n. (type specIes of Valdivioconnus), holotype (46).
FIGURES 10–13 in Taxonomy of 'Euconnus complex'. Part XV. Disentangling the Euconnus - Sciacharis knot (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
FIGURES 10–13. MorphologIcal structures of Euconnus (Austroconophron) tindoui Franz, comb. rest. (type specIes of Austroconophron). Head, prothorax and elytral base In dorsal vIew (10); head In ventral vIew (11); pro- and mesothorax In ventral vIew (12); pterothorax In ventral vIew (13). AbbrevIatIons: bst, basIsternal part of prosternum; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal rIdge; hyr, hypomeral rIdge; mn, mentum; msvp, mesoventral Intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral Intermetacoxal process; nss, notosternal suture; pcr, procoxal rest; ptp, posterIor tentorIal pIt; smn, submentum.
FIGURES 26–29 in Taxonomy of 'Euconnus complex'. Part XV. Disentangling the Euconnus - Sciacharis knot (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
FIGURES 26–29. MorphologIcal structures of Microscydmus (Valdivioconnus) stenichniformis (Franz), comb. n. (type specIes of Valdivioconnus). Head, prothorax and elytral base In dorsal vIew (26); head In ventral vIew (27); prothorax In ventral vIew (28); pterothorax In ventral vIew (29). AbbrevIatIons: abp, antebasal pIt; bef, basal elytral fovea; bst, basIsternal part of prosternum; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal rIdge; hyr, hypomeral rIdge; mn, mentum; msvp, mesoventral Intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral Intermetacoxal process; nss, notosternal suture; pcr, procoxal rest; psp, prosternal process; ptp, posterIor tentorIal pIt; slc, sublateral carIna; smn, submentum.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.