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377 results for “evolution of complexity”
Evolution of vocal performance and song complexity in island birds
<p>Oceanic islands share distinctive characteristics thought to underlie a set of parallel evolutionary trends across islands and taxonomic groups – including life history traits, morphology and visual signals. To which extent acoustic signals also change in parallel on islands is less clear. Some important processes associated with insularity, such as founder effects and reduced sexual selection, could lead to a decrease in vocal performance and song complexity on islands. In a field-based study, we recorded 11 insular species and their closest mainland relatives. Out of the 11 species pairs, 6 live in the tropics (São Tomé / Mount Cameroon), and 5 in the temperate region (Madeira / southern France). For each species we measured two proxies of vocal performance (song duration and syllable rate) and one proxy of song complexity (syllable diversity). This study did not recover a clear relationship between the island environment and song traits. If as expected, syllable rate was lower in island species than in their mainland counterparts, the two other proxies showed no clear island-mainland pattern of divergence. Several factors may explain the absence of reduction for song duration and syllable diversity. Among those, relaxation of interspecific competition on islands may have led to an increase in syllable diversity, or correlations between song variables may have constrained song evolution. More studies on island species are needed to draw a better picture of divergence patterns and go beyond the confounding ecological factors that could explain peculiar song characteristics in islands.</p>
Data from: Molecular signatures of reticulate evolution within the complex of European pine taxa
<p>Speciation mechanisms, including the role of interspecific gene flow and introgression in emergence of new species, are the major focus of evolutionary studies. Inference of taxonomic relationship between closely related species maybe challenged by past hybridization events, but at the same time it may provide new knowledge about mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of species integrity despite interspecific gene flow. Here, using nucleotide sequence variation and utilizing a coalescent modelling framework, we tested the role of hybridization and introgression in the evolutionary history of closely related pine taxa from <i>Pinus mugo</i> complex and <i>P. sylvestris</i>. We compared the patterns of polymorphism and divergence between taxa and found great overlap of neutral variation within <i>P. mugo</i> complex. Our phylogeny reconstruction indicated multiple instances of reticulation events in the past, suggesting an important role of interspecific gene flow in the species divergence. The best fitting model revealed <i>P. mugo</i> and <i>P. uncinata</i> as sister species with basal <i>P. uliginosa</i> and asymmetric migration between all investigated species after their divergence. The magnitude of interspecies gene flow differed greatly, and it was consistently stronger from representatives of <i>P. mugo</i> complex to <i>P. sylvestris</i> than in the opposite direction. The results indicate the prominent role of reticulation evolution in those forest trees and provide genetic framework to study species integrity maintained by selection and local adaptation.</p>
Fig. 11. A–E, Impatiens purpureoviolacea. A in Evolution of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) in the Albertine Rift – The endemic Impatiens purpureoviolacea complex consists of ten species
Fig. 11. A–E, Impatiens purpureoviolacea. A, Flower; B, Lower sepal and spur; C, Dorsal petal; D & E, Lateral united petals. F–I, Impatiens lutzmannii. F, Flower; G, Lower sepal and spur; H, Dorsal petal; I, Lateral united petals. J–N, Impatiens urundiensis. J, Flower; K, Petiole, lateral sepals and anthers; L, Lower sepal and spur; M, Dorsal petal; N, Lateral united petals. — Scale bar: 1 cm. A–E, Fischer 13911, Rwanda, Rukarara; F–I, Fischer 13002, Burundi, Kumuyange; J–N, Fischer 13301, Burundi, Kumuyange.
Fig. 7. Impatiens purpureoviolacea. A in Evolution of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) in the Albertine Rift – The endemic Impatiens purpureoviolacea complex consists of ten species
Fig. 7. Impatiens purpureoviolacea. A, Habit; B, C & E, Flower, frontal view; D & F, Flower, lateral view. — A, B & D, Fischer 13911, Rwanda, Nyungwe National Park, source of Rukarara; C, Fischer 12958, Rwanda, Karamba; E & F, Fischer 8093, Rwanda, Uwinka.
Supplementary material 1 from: Jablonski D, Masroor R, Hofmann S (2022) On the edge of the Shivaliks: An insight into the origin and taxonomic position of Pakistani toads from the Duttaphrynus melanostictus complex (Amphibia, Bufonidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 98(2): 275-284. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.79213
Table S1
FIGURE 11 in Species delimitation in the Gehyra nana (Squamata: Gekkonidae) complex: cryptic and divergent morphological evolution in the Australian Monsoonal Tropics, with the description of four new species
FIGURE 11. Variation within Gehyra pseudopunctata sp. nov. (scale bar = 10 mm).
FIGURE 6 in Species delimitation in the Gehyra nana (Squamata: Gekkonidae) complex: cryptic and divergent morphological evolution in the Australian Monsoonal Tropics, with the description of four new species
FIGURE 6. Holotype of Gehyra nana (WAM R28214) from King Edward River, WA (scale bar = 10 mm).
FIGURE 16 in Species delimitation in the Gehyra nana (Squamata: Gekkonidae) complex: cryptic and divergent morphological evolution in the Australian Monsoonal Tropics, with the description of four new species
FIGURE 16. Variation within Gehyra pluraporosa sp. nov. (scale bar = 10 mm).
FIGURE 13 in Species delimitation in the Gehyra nana (Squamata: Gekkonidae) complex: cryptic and divergent morphological evolution in the Australian Monsoonal Tropics, with the description of four new species
FIGURE 13. Variation within Gehyra granulum sp. nov. (scale bar = 10 mm).
FIGURE 9 in Species delimitation in the Gehyra nana (Squamata: Gekkonidae) complex: cryptic and divergent morphological evolution in the Australian Monsoonal Tropics, with the description of four new species
FIGURE 9. Variation within Gehyra paranana sp. nov. (scale bar = 10 mm).
Figure 6 from: Prötzel D, Lambert SM, Andrianasolo GT, Hutter CR, Cobb KA, Scherz MD, Glaw F (2018) The smallest 'true chameleon' from Madagascar: a new, distinctly colored species of the Calumma boettgeri complex (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 409-423. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.27305
Figure 6 Posed photos of a subadult male specimen of Calummaroaloko sp. n. (ZSM 244/2018, KU 343177); (a) Indigo coloration on the rostral appendage and head scalation is apparent; (b) portrait of the same specimen.
Figure 2 from: Prötzel D, Lambert SM, Andrianasolo GT, Hutter CR, Cobb KA, Scherz MD, Glaw F (2018) The smallest 'true chameleon' from Madagascar: a new, distinctly colored species of the Calumma boettgeri complex (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 409-423. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.27305
Figure 2 Maximum-likelihood tree of the Calummaboettgeri complex, based on 513 base-pairs of the mitochondrial ND2 gene. Nodal support values indicate the proportional support from 1000 rapid bootstrap replicates. Support values for intra-specific relationships are not shown. Outgroup (C.oshaughnessyi FGZC 4577) not shown for graphical reasons.
Figure 7 from: Prötzel D, Lambert SM, Andrianasolo GT, Hutter CR, Cobb KA, Scherz MD, Glaw F (2018) The smallest 'true chameleon' from Madagascar: a new, distinctly colored species of the Calumma boettgeri complex (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 409-423. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.27305
Figure 7 In-situ photograph of an uncollected (in sleeping position) female of Calummaroalokosp. n., from the same locality as KU 343168.
Figure 5 from: Prötzel D, Lambert SM, Andrianasolo GT, Hutter CR, Cobb KA, Scherz MD, Glaw F (2018) The smallest 'true chameleon' from Madagascar: a new, distinctly colored species of the Calumma boettgeri complex (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 409-423. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.27305
Figure 5 In-life photos of four specimens of Calummaroaloko sp. n.; (a) subadult male (ZSM 244/2018, KU 343177); (b) the holotype, adult male (KU 343178); (c) subadult male (UADBA-R, KU 343167); (d) adult female (KU 343168).
Figure 4 from: Prötzel D, Lambert SM, Andrianasolo GT, Hutter CR, Cobb KA, Scherz MD, Glaw F (2018) The smallest 'true chameleon' from Madagascar: a new, distinctly colored species of the Calumma boettgeri complex (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 409-423. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.27305
Figure 4 Map showing the location of the known range of Calummaroaloko sp. n. in central-eastern Madagascar. Red stars indicate localities where C.roaloko sp. n. was found, gray "X" indicate localities surveyed but with no detection of the species. The map is a composite of Landsat 7 and SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission; Farr and Kobrick 2000) digital elevation data (U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center) created in QGIS v2.18.
Figure 1 from: Prötzel D, Lambert SM, Andrianasolo GT, Hutter CR, Cobb KA, Scherz MD, Glaw F (2018) The smallest 'true chameleon' from Madagascar: a new, distinctly colored species of the Calumma boettgeri complex (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 409-423. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.27305
Figure 1 Micro-CT scans of skulls of Calummaroaloko sp. n. Male holotype KU 343178 in dorsal view (a) and lateral view (b), note the worm-like structure (presumably an endoparasite) in the throat of the holotype; female KU 343168 in dorsal view (c) and lateral view (d). See Materials and methods for abbreviations. See also Suppl. material 3 and 4 for a 360° movie of the skull.
Figure 1 from: Costa WJEN, Amorim PF, Mattos JLO (2018) Diversity and conservation of seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias fulminantis complex from a Caatinga semiarid upland plateau, São Francisco River basin, northeastern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 495-504. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.29718
Figure 1 Bayesian phylogeny used to delimit species endemic to the upper Carnaíba de Dentro River drainage, inferred by using sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b, 416 bp. Posterior probability values below 95% are not depicted; asterisk above nodes represents maximum value of posterior probability (100 %); numbers before species names are catalogue numbers for voucher specimens.
Figure 4 from: Costa WJEN, Amorim PF, Mattos JLO (2018) Diversity and conservation of seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias fulminantis complex from a Caatinga semiarid upland plateau, São Francisco River basin, northeastern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 495-504. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.29718
Figure 4 Geographical distribution of species of the Hypsolebias J'-clade in the upper Carnaíba de Dentro River drainage (yellow, H.fulminantis; red, H.splendissimus; black, H.carlettoi) and H.shibattai (white); stars indicate type localities.
Figure 2 from: Costa WJEN, Amorim PF, Mattos JLO (2018) Diversity and conservation of seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias fulminantis complex from a Caatinga semiarid upland plateau, São Francisco River basin, northeastern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 495-504. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.29718
Figure 2 Hypsolebiassplendissimus Costa sp. n., live holotype, UFRJ 6909, male, 42.7 mm SL. Photograph by W.J.E.M. Costa.
Figure 3 from: Costa WJEN, Amorim PF, Mattos JLO (2018) Diversity and conservation of seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias fulminantis complex from a Caatinga semiarid upland plateau, São Francisco River basin, northeastern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94(2): 495-504. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.29718
Figure 3 Hypsolebiassplendissimus Costa sp. n., live paratype, UFRJ 6779, female, 28.5 mm SL. Photograph by W.J.E.M. Costa.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.