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3,905 results for “eye”
An Artificial Eye for Palaeography. Applying Deep Machine Learning for the Study of Medieval Latin Scripts
<p>The project “Digital Forensics for Historical Documents” (at Huygens ING, Amsterdam) attempts to create a digital tool, based on a deep learning system, in which the unique characteristics of one medieval script sample will be matched with similar script samples by making use of digitized manuscript collections available in the world wide web.</p> <p>Project website and contact: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?q=https%3A%2F%2Fen.huygens.knaw.nl%2Fprojecten%2Fdigital-forensics-for-historical-documents%2F&v=WYtseNK-1Dc&event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbDM0WDRJRjN0V3QzOXV6d0ZNbDB2TVYzV1hUQXxBQ3Jtc0ttLVJHMEE1RlRkZjJVV3poYnpQOHZseTFzZHVqWHRGR2k2eWpVWTJSSldtV2p4aFhKbFRIQTFjVHQ5YnM0Mkd4ajBzOTNtdE1yOVJLVktqWlhqWUgzZXc3YmNQMS1nNGFpZ3p2amNOTFNqTDVUSTdtZw%3D%3D">https://en.huygens.knaw.nl/projecten/...</a> </p> <p>Presented as a Lightning Talk for the Schoenberg Symposium 2020</p>
Phylogenomics of white-eyes, a 'great speciator,' reveals Indonesian archipelago as the center of lineage diversity
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Archipelagoes serve as important 'natural laboratories' which facilitate the study of island radiations and contribute to the understanding of evolutionary processes. The white-eye genus <i>Zosterops </i>is a classical example of a 'great speciator', comprising c. 100 species from across the Old World, most of them insular. We achieved an extensive geographic DNA sampling of <i>Zosterops </i>by using historical specimens and recently collected samples. Using over 700 genome-wide loci in conjunction with coalescent species tree methods and gene flow detection approaches, we untangled the reticulated evolutionary history of <i>Zosterops</i>, which comprises three main clades centered in Indo-Africa, Asia, and Australasia, respectively. Genetic introgression between species permeates the <i>Zosterops</i>phylogeny, regardless of how distantly related species are. Crucially, we identified the Indonesian archipelago, and specifically Borneo, as the major centre of diversity and the only area where all three main clades overlap, attesting to the evolutionary importance of this region. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Phenotypic and genotypic variation across a stable white-eye (Zosterops sp.) hybrid zone in central South Africa
The interbreeding of two species after a period of separation (secondary contact) most often results in stable areas of hybridization or tension zones characterized by selection against hybrid individuals. Three plumage forms of Zosterops meet and interbreed in central South Africa. Here we examine how phenotypic measures (biometric and plumage) and genotypic markers (mitochondrial and nuclear DNA) change through a putative hybrid zone located in the area where the ranges of the Orange River white-eye Zosterops pallidus and a subspecies of the Cape white-eye Zosterops virens capensis meet. Four of the five sequenced loci (i.e. ATP6, MUSK, GADPH and TGF-β2) showed strong divergence and differentiation between allopatric parental populations, whereas the sex-linked CHD1Z locus exhibited high homogeneity. Microsatellite data also distinguished between pure Z. pallidus and Z. v. capensis populations. Together, the nuclear data (introns and microsatellites) identified at least 12 hybrid individuals as later generation hybrids (i.e. F2 or backcrosses), and no F1 hybrids were detected. As genetic incompatibility does not appear to play a role in restricting this stable hybrid zone, it is likely that environmental conditions including biome type and edge effect are constraining hybrid zone movement.
Data from: Breeding season length and nest mortality drive cryptic life history variation in Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) breeding across a montane elevation gradient
The manner in which individual life history traits respond to the environment and to each other, and how these traits combine to form overall patterns of life history variation, remains poorly characterized in wild populations. We monitored breeding Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) across a 700-m elevational range. We compared breeding season length, temporal patterns of breeding activity, adult body size, clutch size, brood size, nestling quality, and nest mortality among elevations. We also compared environmental measures across the studied elevations to determine whether abiotic factors explained life history trait variation. We used 12 microsatellite loci to test for genetic differentiation in populations at different elevations. Finally, we constructed a computer simulation to evaluate the combined effects of observed variation in life history traits. We found differences among elevations in breeding season length and in patterns of reproductive timing, which did not match each other and which were not explained solely by abiotic factors. We found no differences among elevations in adult body size, clutch size, brood size, or nestling quality. Nest mortality increased significantly with elevation. Genetic differentiation was too low to define distinct subpopulations. The simulation suggested that differences in mortality, in combination with differences in breeding season length, contributed to substantial differences in reproductive success among elevations. Thus, although individual life history traits showed little evidence of variation in response to the environment or to each other and little genetic differentiation, variation in breeding season length and in nest mortality were potential drivers of substantial elevational variation in overall life history in this system. These results demonstrate that individual life history traits may vary substantially in their patterns of variation, and that some life history traits may have disproportionate effects on overall life history.
Data from: Human commercial models' eye colour shows negative frequency-dependent selection
In this study we investigated the eye colour of human commercial models registered in the UK (400 female and 400 male) and Brazil (400 female and 400 male) to test the hypothesis that model eye colour frequency was the result of negative frequency-dependent selection. The eye colours of the models were classified as: blue, brown or intermediate. Chi-square analyses of data for countries separated by sex showed that in the United Kingdom brown eyes and intermediate colours were significantly more frequent than expected in comparison to the general United Kingdom population (P<0.001). In Brazil, the most frequent eye colour brown was significantly less frequent than expected in comparison to the general Brazilian population. These results support the hypothesis that model eye colour is the result of negative frequency-dependent selection. This could be the result of people using eye colour as a marker of genetic diversity and finding rarer eye colours more attractive because of the potential advantage more genetically diverse offspring that could result from such a choice. Eye colour may be important because in comparison to many other physical traits (e.g., hair colour) it is hard to modify, hide or disguise, and it is highly polymorphic.
A comparative usability analysis of eye-tracking and mouse click data taken from digital libraries
<p>This dataset is the result of a study, in which we analyzed parallels and differences between clicks as well as eye movements on two different digital library homepages. For this analysis we used diverse tracking tools for mouse clicks and eye tracking data that where further studied with respect to specific areas of interest (AOI). </p> <p>The dataset contains two screenshots indicating the areas of interest (AOIs; entitled “AreasOfInterest_Kartenportal.jpg and AreasOfInterest_Webportal.jpg), which separate the homepages into analyzable parts. It also contains eight screenshots of the homepages containing the total amount of collected clicks (each name starting with “clicks”) and two screenshots with the eye tracking heat maps (starting with “Heatmap”). The screenshots have directly been extracted from the click and eye tracking tools and matched with the before mentioned AOIs in order to gain the total count of clicks and views as well as the view duration the concerned area.</p> <p>All data are synthesized in a document containing three sheets with different tables: a first one with the initial data compilation for all AOIs of the two analyzed homepages (entitled “Data”), a second one with a more visual compiled data analysis for both homepages and all AOIs (entitled “Data2) and last one with the duration of the view as well as the duration of the fixation and the compiled click data (entitled « Eye tracking study data »).</p>
Supporting information: Analysis of attentional bias towards attractive and unattractive body regions among overweight males and females: An eye-movement study.
<p>This is the data set as supporting information, provided as .csv file.</p> <p>Further information is available on request.</p>
LRP predicts smooth pursuit eye movement onset during the ocular tracking of self-generated movements
<p>Dataset relative to the following publication:</p> <p>Chen, J., Valsecchi, M. & Gegenfurtner, K.R. (2016). LRP predicts smooth pursuit eye movement onset during the ocular tracking of self-generated movements. <em>Journal of Neurophysiology, </em>in press</p> <p>Each folder contains the data relative to one experiment and the script that was used to generate them. Please refer to "Description on data format.txt" for the usage of the data.</p> <p>Additional information can be deducted from the experimental scripts.</p>
Figure 7. - Palaemonyuna sp. n. Figure a holotype; figures b–n paratype (CCDB 4866, male, CL 5.5 mm). a anterior part of the carapace b right eye, dorsal view c left scaphocerite, ventral view d left mandible, ventral view e left maxillula, ventral view f left maxilla, ventral view g left second maxilliped, ventral view h left first maxilliped, ventral view i left first maxilliped, dorsal view j right third maxilliped, ventro-lateral view k right second pereiopod, ventro-lateral view l right first pereiopod, ventro-lateral view m right first chela, mesial view n right second chela, mesial view. Scale bar: a, c, k equal to 1 mm; others equal to 0.5 mm.
Figure 7. - Palaemonyuna sp. n. Figure a holotype; figures b–n paratype (CCDB 4866, male, CL 5.5 mm). a anterior part of the carapace b right eye, dorsal view c left scaphocerite, ventral view d left mandible, ventral view e left maxillula, ventral view f left maxilla, ventral view g left second maxilliped, ventral view h left first maxilliped, ventral view i left first maxilliped, dorsal view j right third maxilliped, ventro-lateral view k right second pereiopod, ventro-lateral view l right first pereiopod, ventro-lateral view m right first chela, mesial view n right second chela, mesial view. Scale bar: a, c, k equal to 1 mm; others equal to 0.5 mm.
Data for manuscript Eye movements whilst walking improve local motion information - Durant S. & Zanker J. M.
<p>Scene camera videos with gaze position parked</p> <p>x,y gaze positions from all the videos</p> <p>summary description of which frames were used</p>
Visual sensitivity for luminance and chromatic stimuli during the execution of smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements
<p>Dataset relative to the following publication:</p> <p>Braun, D. I., Schütz, A. C., & Gegenfurtner, K. R. (2017). Visual sensitivity for luminance and chromatic stimuli during the execution of smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements. Vision Research</p>
Discrimination of curvature from motion during smooth pursuit eye movements and fixation
<p>One folder contains all the data for the main experiment. In the folder you can find a file dataREADME, which explains the format and the content of the individual files. A second folder contains the data files for the additional control experiment with shorter presentation durations. The structure of the data is the same. It includes two folders. One which constains the perceptual data for the shorter presentation durations and one with eye traces of the same participants for the oculometric thresholds. The name of the folder indicates also the length of the presentation duration, either 150 or 300 ms.</p>
Dynamic integration of information about salience and value for smooth pursuit eye movements
<p>Dataset from the following publication:</p> <p>Schütz, A. C., Lossin, F., & Gegenfurtner, K. R. (2015). Dynamic integration of information about salience and value for smooth pursuit eye movements. <em>Vision Research, 113</em>, 169-178. <a>doi:10.1016/j.visres.2014.08.009 <span></span></a><a></a> .</p>
Reward draws the eye, uncertainty holds the eye: Associative learning modulates distracter interference in visual search.
<p>Eye tracking data and statistical analysis of:</p> <p>Koenig, S., Kadel, H., Uengoer, M., Schubö, A., & Lachnit, H. (2017). Reward draws the eye, uncertainty holds the eye: Associative learning modulates distracter interference in visual search. <em>Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience</em>. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00128.</p> <p> Abstract: Stimuli in our sensory environment differ with respect to their physical salience, but moreover may acquire motivational salience by association with reward. If we repeatedly observed that reward is available in the context of a particular cue, but absent in the context of another cue, the former typically attracts more attention than the latter. However, we also may encounter cues uncorrelated with reward. A cue with 50% reward contingency may induce an average reward expectancy, but at the same time induces high reward uncertainty. In the current experiment we examined how both values, reward expectancy and uncertainty, affected overt attention. Two different colors were established as predictive cues for low reward and high reward respectively. A third color was followed by high reward on 50% of the trials and thus induced uncertainty. Colors then were introduced as distractors during search for a shape target and we examined the relative potential of the color distractors to capture and hold the first fixation. We observed that capture frequency corresponded to reward expectancy while capture duration corresponded to uncertainty. The results may suggest that within trial, reward expectancy is represented at an earlier time window than uncertainty.</p>
Publication data of Dog eye movements are slower than human eye movements
<p>Publication data of Dog eye movements are slower than human eye movements</p> <p> https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.12.8.4</p> <p>The data in the previous version contained unnecessary information, which has been removed in this updated version.</p>
VCF files and regression analyses for: Assessing fine-scale pondscape connectivity with amphibian eyes: an integrative approach using genomic and capture-mark-recapture data
<p><span>In the face of habitat loss, preserving functional connectivity is essential to maintain genetic diversity and the demographic dynamics required for the viability of biotic communities. This requires knowledge of the dispersal behavior of target species, which can be modeled as kernels, or probability density functions of dispersal distances at increasing geographic distances. We present an integrative approach to investigate the relationships between genetic connectivity and demographic parameters in organisms with low vagility focusing on five syntopic pond-breeding amphibians. We genotyped 1,056 individuals of two anuran and three urodele species (1,732–3,913 SNPs per species) from populations located in a landscape comprising 64 ponds to characterize fine-scale genetic structure in a comparative framework and combined this genetic data with information obtained in a previous two-year capture-mark-recapture (CMR) study. Specifically, we contrasted graphs reconstructed from genomic data with connectivity graphs based on dispersal kernels and demographic information obtained from CMR data from previous studies and assessed the effects of population size, population density, geographical distances, inverse movement probabilities and the presence of habitat patches potentially functioning as stepping stones on genetic differentiation. Our results suggest a significant influence of local population sizes on patterns of genetic connectivity at small spatial scales. In addition, m</span><span>ovement records and cluster-derived kernels provide robust inferences on most likely dispersal paths that are consistent with </span><span>genomic inferences on genetic connectivity. The integration of genetic and CMR data holds great potential for understanding genetic connectivity at spatial scales relevant to individual organisms, with applications for the implementation of management actions at the landscape level. </span></p>
Plane wave ultrasound and OCT angiography of the eye in preeclampsia
<p>This study involves examination of ocular blood flow in human subjects in preeclampsia (PE). Both eyes were examined by plane-wave ultrasound and by optical coherence angiography (OCTA) within 72 hours of delivery. Ultrasound Doppler was used to assess flow velocity and resistance in the central retinal artery and vein, the short posterior ciliary arteries and the choroid. OCTA was used to assess vascular density in the superficial and deep retina and the choriocapillaris. Analysis included correlation with blood pressure, assessment of differences between normal and PE and correlation of ultrasound Doppler with OCTA vascular density.</p>
Figs 12–14 in Big-Eyed Bugs Of The Malagasy Region (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Geocoridae)
Figs 12–14. Lectotype (present designation) of Geocoris (Piocoris) junodi Montandon, 1907:
Spiro Hand and Eye gorget, c. 1200-1350 CE
Spiro Mississippian Hand and Eye gorget, c. 1200-1350 CE, now in the collection of the Minneapolis Institute of Art. From [artsmia.org](artsmia.org) (the description refers to two gorgets in Mia's collection): "...The Hand and Eye motif signifies the constellation that marks the entrance to the Path of Souls in the sky, the Milky Way. Each (gorget) has significant supernatural power, power that was extended to the individual wearing their symbol. Whether they indicated rank, membership in a special society, warrior status or something else is unknown, but the context in which they have been found, the expensive material and the high quality of the carvings confirm their role as prestige objects." [More info here](https://collections.artsmia.org/art/8673/gorget-spiro-mississippian) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Model of a diseased eye
A list describing the various pathologies. This eye could be a model of allergic conjunctivitis. From the collection of the museum library at the UCL institute of ophthalmology. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.