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694 results for “fish diversity”
Data for: Optimizing a metabarcoding marker portfolio for species detection from complex mixtures of globally diverse fishes
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High functional diversity in deep-sea fish communities and increasing intra-specific trait variation with increasing latitude
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Seasonal surveys of fish abundance and diversity in streams of central, eastern, and southern Arizona, USA (2016-2019)
Fish communities in desert streams are shaped by both the long-term selective pressures of streamflow regimes and the short-term effects of floods and droughts. Between spring 2016 and spring 2019 we conducted seasonal sampling of nine streams across the state of Arizona, USA on a gradient of flow regime variability. We calculated populations size for each species at all surveys to analyze seasonal and long-term variations in fish community composition. We additionally used the data to calculate annual rates of fish biomass production. This data set includes the raw catch data from three pass depletion electrofishing, population size estimates at each season, sampling locations, and the USGS stream gauges we used to obtain streamflow data.
Data from: Accumulation curves of environmental DNA sequences predict coastal fish diversity in the Coral Triangle
Environmental DNA (eDNA) has the potential to provide more comprehensive biodiversity assessments particularly for vertebrates in species-rich regions. Yet, this method requires the completeness of a reference database, i.e. a list of DNA sequences attached to each species, which is never met. As an alternative, a diversity of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) can be extracted from eDNA metabarcoding. However, the extent to which the diversity of OTUs provided by a limited eDNA sampling effort can predict regional species diversity is unknown. Here, by modelling OTU accumulation curves of eDNA seawater samples across the Coral Triangle, we obtained an asymptote reaching 1,531 fish OTUs while 1,611 fish species are recorded in the region. Besides, we also accurately predict (R² = 0.92) the distribution of species richness among fish families from OTU-based asymptotes. Thus, the multi-model framework of OTU accumulation curves extends the use of eDNA metabarcoding in ecology, biogeography and conservation.
Speciation rate and the diversity of fishes in freshwaters and the oceans
<p class="CxSpFirst"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Aim: The number of fish taxa that occur exclusively in marine biomes is approximately equal to the number that occur in freshwater biomes. Both the geographic area and habitable volume of the marine realm are vastly greater than for Earth's freshwater ecosystems, suggesting that the density of marine species is proportionately much lower in the oceans. Because freshwater lineages are relatively recently derived from older marine lineages, this difference in species density suggests that speciation rates might be elevated in freshwater systems. I tested whether speciation rates differ systematically between freshwater and marine habitats.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Location: Aquatic ecosystems worldwide</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Taxon: Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Methods: Marine-freshwater transitions were tabulated from literature survey and from ancestral state reconstruction. I tested for repeated effects of salinity transitions on speciation rate using formal state-dependent diversification methods (STRAPP, FiSSE). Using maximum likelihood, I then tested for absolute (unreplicated) differences in speciation rate between marine and freshwater lineages.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Results: Ray-finned fishes have undergone numerous transitions from marine to freshwater systems, but the vast majority of freshwater species richness has resulted from a handful of freshwater colonization events. Speciation rates in freshwater lineages are substantially faster on average than those of marine lineages, but transitions to freshwaters do not lead to elevated rates of speciation in general. This paradox of state-dependent diversification arises because of the disproportionate effect of several freshwater clades with high species richness and fast rates of speciation. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Main Conclusions: Transitions to freshwater do not cause faster rates of speciation, but freshwater ecosystems worldwide are dominated by several clades with relatively fast rates of speciation. There is no evidence that invasion of a novel habitat (freshwater) is generally sufficient to trigger a burst of speciation in colonizing lineages. These results raise an important conceptual problem for the interpretation of state-dependent diversification analyses. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from 'Planktivores as trophic drivers of global coral reef fish diversity patterns'
<p>Datasets and scripts generated in the paper 'Planktivores as trophic drivers of global coral reef fish diversity patterns', published in PNAS. More details can be found in the README file.</p>
Data from: Genetic structure and diversity of the blueface darter Etheostoma cyanoprosopum, a microendemic freshwater fish in the southeastern United States
Darters represent one of the most diverse groups of freshwater fishes in North America, but approximately 33% of the 215 recognized species are considered imperiled on the IUCN Red List. Discovery and description of new darter species continues at a relatively rapid pace, with many exhibiting microendemic geographic distributions and little baseline data for conservation decisions. The Blueface Darter Etheostoma cyanoprosopum is a newly described species that occupies < 20 km of stream reaches in the Bear Creek system of the Tennessee River drainage and the Hubbard Creek system of the Black Warrior River drainage in the Mobile Basin (Alabama, USA). In addition to restricted distribution, the species is threatened by habitat degradation and several natural and man-made barriers that putatively fragment connectivity among populations. This study used microsatellite and mitochondrial (mt) DNA data with comparisons to the relatively broadly distributed sister species (Bandfin Darter E. zonistium) to evaluate multiple objectives about genetic connectivity and diversity among Blueface Darter populations. Analysis of mtDNA data indicated a lack of historical structuring across the Tennessee-Black Warrior river drainage divide and within the Bear Creek system. However, microsatellite-based Bayesian cluster analyses and F-statistics suggested contemporary isolation across the drainage divide and evidence for reservoir-induced fragmentation within the Bear Creek system. Compared to the sister Bandfin Darter, Blueface Darter populations exhibited reduced levels of genetic diversity, rendering them more susceptible to local extirpation and reduced fitness. Continued monitoring and quantitative ecological studies are recommended to understand population-specific measures of occurrence and abundance.
Data from: Hybridization and postzygotic isolation promote reinforcement of male mating preferences in a diverse group of fishes with traditional sex roles
Behavioral isolation is thought to arise early in speciation due to differential sexual and/or natural selection favoring different preferences and traits in different lineages. Alternatively, behavioral isolation can arise due to reinforcement favoring traits and preferences that prevent maladaptive hybridization. In darters, female preference for male coloration has been hypothesized to drive speciation, because behavioral isolation evolves before F1 inviability. However, as with many long-lived organisms, the fitness of second generation hybrids has not been assessed because raising animals to adulthood in the lab is challenging. Recently, reinforcement of male preferences has been implicated in darters because male preference for conspecific females is high in sympatry but absent in allopatry in multiple species pairs. The hypothesis that reinforcement accounts for behavioral isolation in sympatry assumes that hybridization and postzygotic isolation are present. Here, we used genomic and morphological data to demonstrate that hybridization is ongoing between orangethroat and rainbow darters and used hybrids collected from nature to measure postzygotic barriers across two hybrid generations. We observed sex ratio distortion in adult F1s and a dramatic reduction in backcross survival. Our findings indicate that selection to avoid hybridization promotes the evolution of male-driven behavioral isolation via reinforcement in this system.
Decoupled jaws promote trophic diversity in Cichlid fishes
Functional decoupling of oral and pharyngeal jaws is widely considered to have expanded the ecological repertoire of cichlid fishes. But, the degree to which the evolution of these jaw systems is decoupled and whether decoupling has impacted trophic diversification remains unknown. Focusing on the large Neotropical radiation of cichlids, we ask whether oral and pharyngeal jaw evolution is correlated and how their evolutionary rates respond to feeding ecology. In support of decoupling, we find relaxed evolutionary integration between the two jaw systems, resulting in novel trait combinations that potentially facilitate feeding mode diversification. These outcomes are made possible by escaping the mechanical trade-off between force transmission and mobility, which characterizes a single jaw system that functions in isolation. In spite of the structural independence of the two jaw systems, results using a Bayesian, state-dependent, relaxed-clock model of multivariate Brownian motion indicate strongly aligned evolutionary responses to feeding ecology. So, while decoupling of prey capture and processing functions released constraints on jaw evolution and promoted trophic diversity in cichlids, the natural diversity of consumed prey has also induced a moderate degree of evolutionary integration between the jaw systems, reminiscent of the original mechanical trade-off between force and mobility.
Geographic, seasonal and ontogenetic variations of δ15N and δ13C of Japanese sardine explained by baseline variations and diverse fish movements
<p><span>Understanding and predicting variability in the stable isotope ratios of nitrogen and carbon (δ15N and δ13C, respectively) of small pelagic fish is crucial to enable isotopic studies of a variety of marine predators that feed on them. However, because the isotope ratios reflect plastic feeding habits and fish migration in addition to baseline variation, their predictions require a mechanistic understanding of how each factor contributes. Here, we investigated the habitat-wide variability of δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C of the Japanese sardine <em>Sardinops melanostictus</em> in the western North Pacific and its marginal seas (the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan). By combining this with the archived particulate organic matter (POM) dataset as a baseline, we aimed to understand how ecological processes and baseline fluctuations affect isotope ratios of the sardine. Both δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C of sardine showed significant geographical and seasonal trends, with higher values in southern nearshore areas, including the Seto Inland Sea, intermediate values in marginal seas and lower values in Pacific offshore areas. As the variations were largely consistent with the geographic and temporally integrated seasonal trends of isotope ratios of POM, respectively, the baseline variations are the main determinant of sardine isotope composition. The trophic levels of sardine are therefore not significantly different between regions, with possible minor increases in the southern nearshore area. Adults showed less geographic variation than larvae and juveniles, likely due to slower turnover periods and wider migration ranges. Although larval and juvenile isotope ratios in marginal seas mostly reflected the local baseline, those in the Pacific offshore often reflected the baseline in the neighbouring southern region, suggesting contrasting juvenile movements between regions. Our results suggest that the δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C of Japanese sardine strongly reflect baseline variations, but can also be influenced by life-stage- and region-dependent fish movements, thereby demonstrating both the possibility and difficulty of mechanistically modelling the isoscapes of lower trophic level species.</span></p>
Data from 'The rise of dietary diversity in coral reef fishes'
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Data from: Rapid climate change increases diversity and homogenizes composition of coastal fish at high latitudes
<p>Rapid warming at high latitudes triggers poleward shifts of species' distributions that impact marine biodiversity. In the open sea, the documented redistributions of fish lead to a borealization of Arctic fauna. A climate driven borealization and increased species diversity at high latitudes is also expected in coastal fish communities, but it has not been previously documented on a large, biogeographic scale. Here, we investigate the impact of temperature change over the last 25 years on fish communities along the coast of Norway. The study area, spanning different ecoclimatic zones between 62° and 71° N, harbors over 200 species of boreal and Arctic fish. Several of these fish species are harvested by coastal and indigenous communities, influencing settlements geography and livelihood. The long-term data on coastal water temperatures and fish species were obtained from monitoring stations and scientific surveys. Water temperature measured at three fixed sampling stations distributed along the coast show increased temperatures during the study period. The fish species distribution and abundance data were obtained from the annually standardized scientific bottom trawl survey program. Fish species richness, which was highest in the south, increased with warming first in the south and then, gradually, further north, eventually affecting biodiversity in the whole study area. Fish community composition showed a distinct latitudinal pattern early in the study, with Arctic fish species confined north and boreal species dominating south. The poleward shifts eventually eroded this zoogeographic pattern, resulting in more boreal fish species in the north and an increased homogenization of species composition along the Norwegian coast. The climate-driven reorganization of fish communities affects coastal ecosystems that are exposed to fisheries, aquaculture and other rapidly expanding human activities, stressing the urgent need for a climate adaptation of integrated coastal management.</p>
Data from: Historical field records reveal habitat as an ecological correlate of locomotor phenotypic diversity in the radiation of Neotropical Geophagini fishes
<p>Phenotypic macroevolutionary studies provide insight into how ecological processes shape biodiversity. However, the complexity of phenotype-ecology relationships underscores the importance of also validating phenotype-based ecological inference with direct evidence of resource use. Unfortunately, macroevolutionary scale ecological studies are often hindered by the challenges of acquiring taxonomically and spatially representative ecological data for large and widely distributed clades. The South American cichlid fish tribe Geophagini represents a continentally distributed radiation whose early locomotor morphological divergence suggests habitat as one ecological correlate of diversification, but an association between locomotor traits and habitat preference has not been corroborated. Field notes accumulated over decades of collecting across South America provide first-hand environmental records that can be mined for habitat data in support of macroevolutionary ecological research. In this study, we applied a newly developed method to transform descriptive field note information into quantitative habitat data, and used it to assess habitat preference and its relationship to locomotor morphology in Geophagini. Field note-derived data shed light on geophagine habitat use patterns and reinforced habitat as an ecological correlate of locomotor morphological diversity. Our work emphasizes the rich data potential of museum collections, including often overlooked material such as field notes, for evolutionary and ecological research.</p>
Figure 3 in Studies on fish diversity of the Mahi River, Rajasthan State
Figure 3. Images of collection sites.
Figure 2 in A new record of Schistura reticulata from Myanmar with a note on fish diversity of Yu River
Figure 2. Schistura reticulata, ZSI FF 8051, 64.0 mm SL, Myanmar, Sagaing region, Yu River.
Figure 3 in A new record of Schistura reticulata from Myanmar with a note on fish diversity of Yu River
Figure 3. Fish fauna diversity of different family in Yu River, Sagaing region, Myanmar.
Figure 1 in A new record of Schistura reticulata from Myanmar with a note on fish diversity of Yu River
Figure 1. Map showing the collection site of Yu River, Sagaing region, Myanmar.
Figure 2. A in Fish diversity of the Vatrak stream, Sabarmati River system, Rajasthan
Figure 2. A view of area of study.
(Source: Google Earth) Figure 1. Area of Study. in Fish diversity of the Vatrak stream, Sabarmati River system, Rajasthan
(Source: Google Earth) Figure 1. Area of Study.
Figure 86 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 86: Correlation between the surface area and maximum depth of lakes surveyed in Projet Lac.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.