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Figure 8 in Notoraja hirticauda, a new species of skate (Chondrichthyes: Rajoidei) from the south-eastern Indian Ocean

Figure 8. Right clasper cartilages of Notoraja hirticauda sp. nov. Holotype (CSIRO H1816–02, 446 mm TL, male): a) lateral view; b) dorsal view; c) ventral view. fig. abbreviations: atr2–accessory terminal 2 cartilage, ax–axial cartilage, dmg–dorsal marginal cartilage, dtr1–dorsal terminal 1 cartilage, dtr2–dorsal terminal 2 cartilage, tb–terminal bridge, vmg–ventral marginal cartilage, vtr–ventral terminal cartilage.

Figure 3 in Notoraja hirticauda, a new species of skate (Chondrichthyes: Rajoidei) from the south-eastern Indian Ocean

Figure 3. Squamation on the mid-tail of Notoraja hirticauda sp. nov. Holotype (CSIRO H1816–02, 446 mm TL, male). a. Dorsal view; b. Lateral view.

Figure 1 in Notoraja hirticauda, a new species of skate (Chondrichthyes: Rajoidei) from the south-eastern Indian Ocean

Figure 1. Notoraja hirticauda sp. nov. Holotype (CSIRO H1816–02, 446 mm TL, male). a. Dorsal view; b. Ventral view.

Figure 7 in Notoraja hirticauda, a new species of skate (Chondrichthyes: Rajoidei) from the south-eastern Indian Ocean

Figure 7. Lateral view, partially expanded, of right clasper of Notoraja hirticauda sp. nov. Holotype (CSIRO H1816–02, 446 mm TL, male). fig. abbreviations: cf–cleft, hy–hypopyle, pj–projection, pr– pseudorhipidion, rh–rhipidion, sl–slit, sp–spike.

Figure 4 in Notoraja hirticauda, a new species of skate (Chondrichthyes: Rajoidei) from the south-eastern Indian Ocean

Figure 4. Neurocranium of Notoraja hirticauda sp. nov. Paratype (CSIRO H1822–01, mature female, 372 mm TL: a. dorsal view; b. lateral view; c. posterior view). fig. abbreviations: ac–anterior cerebral vein foramen, af–anterior fontanelle, antc–antorbital condyle, bf–basal fenestra, end– endolymphatic foramen, es–efferent spiracular artery foramen, hf–hyomandibular facet, into–intercerebral vein foramen, ja–jugal arch, lbX– lateralis branch of vagus nerve foramen, obf–otic branch of facial nerve foramen, oc–occipital condyle, of–orbital fissure, onc–orbitonasal canal foramen, os–optic stalk, peri–perilymphatic nerve foramen, pf–posterior fontanelle, poc–preorbital canal, postp–postorbital process, prep– preorbital process, prof–profundus nerve foramen, pterp–pterotic process, ra–rostral appendix, rb–rostral base, rn–rostral node, rs–rostral shaft, II–optic nerve foramen, III–oculomotor nerve foramen, VII–hyomandibular branch of facial nerve foramen, IX–glossopharyngeal nerve foramen, X–vagus nerve foramen.

Figure 9 in New sea cucumber species from the seamounts on the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida, Elasipodida, Dendrochirotida)

Figure 9. Photos of holotype of Psolus atlantis O'Loughlin sp. nov. (preserved, 28 mm long, NHMUK 2013.6). a, dorsal view of holotype with oral valves left; b, dorsolateral view of holotype showing elevated oral valves; c, view of five triangular interradial oral valves and five narrow radial oral valves; d, ventral view of sole; e, ventral view of margin of sole showing inner series of large tube feet and outer series of small inconspicuous tube feet; f, view of sole showing scattered, small perforated plate and cross ossicles.

Figure 10 in New sea cucumber species from the seamounts on the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida, Elasipodida, Dendrochirotida)

Figure 10. SEM images of ossicles from holotype of Psolus atlantis O'Loughlin sp. nov. (NHMUK 2013.6). a, tube foot endplate (top left; scale bar 100 µm) and tube foot support ossicles (scale bars 20 µm); b, small plates and crosses from central sole (scale bars 20 µm).

Figure 8 in New sea cucumber species from the seamounts on the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida, Elasipodida, Dendrochirotida)

Figure 8. Photo of dorsal view of live holotype specimen of Psolus atlantis O'Loughlin sp. nov., attached to a rock fragment from Atlantis Bank collected during cruise JC066 (oral end left; specimen NHMUK 2013.6; photo taken by David Shale and used with permission).

Figure 4 in New sea cucumber species from the seamounts on the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida, Elasipodida, Dendrochirotida)

Figure 4. SEM images of ossicles from holotype of Amphigymnas staplesi O'Loughlin sp. nov. (NHMUK 2013.4). a, tables from lateral papilla (scale bars 50 µm); b, tables with truncate spires from ventral body wall (scale bars 20 µm); c, tentacle rods with outer surface spines (scale bar 50 µm); d, ventrolateral tube foot endplate (top left, scale bar 100 µm), tube foot support rods, very irregular and under-developed tables (scale bars 50 µm); e, tables from dorsal body wall with distal spires lacking teeth (scale bars 50 µm).

Figure 7 in New sea cucumber species from the seamounts on the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida, Elasipodida, Dendrochirotida)

Figure 7. SEM images of ossicles from holotype of Pannychia taylorae O'Loughlin sp. nov. (NHMUK 2013.5). a, tentacle rods with outer surface spines (scale bar 50 µm; small plate ossicle probable contaminant from body wall); b, wheels from dorsal body wall (scale bars 100 µm); c, wheels and small plates from dorsal papilla (scale bars 50 µm); d, small concave plates from ventral body wall (scale bars 10 µm).

Figure 3 in New sea cucumber species from the seamounts on the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida, Elasipodida, Dendrochirotida)

Figure 3. Photos of holotype of Amphigymnas staplesi O'Loughlin sp. nov. (preserved, 140 mm long, NHMUK 2013.4). a, dorsal view of holotype with oral end left; b, ventrolateral view of holotype with oral end left; c, ventral view of oral region showing marginal and post-oral transverse papillae; d, midbody ventral view showing discrete ambulacral series of tube feet.

Figure 2 in New sea cucumber species from the seamounts on the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida, Elasipodida, Dendrochirotida)

Figure 2. Photos of live holotype specimen of Amphigymnas staplesi O'Loughlin sp. nov. (in situ on Atlantis Bank; extracted from ROV video footage during cruise JC066; copyright AD Rogers University of Oxford/NERC; specimen NHMUK 2013.4). a, left ventrolateral view of rolling specimen with oral end right and left series of long, conical ventrolateral papillae prominent (up to 15 mm long); b, ventral view of rolling specimen with mouth right, ambulacral series of small tube feet evident, and left ventrolateral series of conical papillae again prominent.

Figure 6 in New sea cucumber species from the seamounts on the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida, Elasipodida, Dendrochirotida)

Figure 6. Photos of holotype of Pannychia taylorae O'Loughlin sp. nov. (preserved, 180 mm long, NHMUK 2013.5). Ventral view of holotype with oral end below and midventral tube feet more numerous posteriorly. Insert with ventral view of damaged oral region showing non-retractile tentacles.

Figure 5 in New sea cucumber species from the seamounts on the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida, Elasipodida, Dendrochirotida)

Figure 5. Photos of live holotype specimen of Pannychia taylorae O'Loughlin sp. nov. (NHMUK 2013.5). a, photo of live holotype specimen (in situ on Coral Seamount; taken by ROV during cruise JC066; copyright AD Rogers University of Oxford/NERC); b, ventral view of live holotype (with two commensal polynoid specimens) (photo taken by David Shale and used with permission).

Figure 1 in New sea cucumber species from the seamounts on the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida, Elasipodida, Dendrochirotida)

Figure 1. RRS James Cook cruise map showing the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge and the locations of the five seamounts that were visited during NERC JC066. The hydrothermal vent system studied during JC067 is indicated by the filled circle near Middle of What seamount. The sea cucumbers described in this study were collected from the Atlantis Bank, northeast on the Ridge, and the Coral Seamount, southwest on the Ridge.

Figure 3. Astrosarkus spp. from Australia. a in A new species of Astrosarkus from Western Australia including new Mesophotic occurrences of Indian Ocean Oreasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea)

Figure 3. Astrosarkus spp. from Australia. a, Astrosarkus sp. Northern Depths, Great Barrier Reef; b, Astrosarkus idipi from Coral Sea Marine Park. Distance between lasers is 10.0 cm.

Figure 7. Halityle regularis USNM 1688944 in A new species of Astrosarkus from Western Australia including new Mesophotic occurrences of Indian Ocean Oreasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea)

Figure 7. Halityle regularis USNM 1688944, Philippines, small individual. a, Abactinal view. Scale bar=0.5 cm; b, Close-up on armtips showing enlarged distal and superomarginal plates. Scale bar=0.2 cm; c, Close-up on abactinal-superomarginal contact showing spiny tubercles on superomarginals. Scale bar=0.2 cm; d, Lateral view showing spiny tubercles and large spines on superomarginal, inferomarginal plates. Scale bar=0.2 cm; e, Inferomarginal and superomarginal plates. Scale bar=0.2 cm; f, Actinal view. Scale bar=0.5 cm; g, Closeup oral region, adambulacral furrow. Scale bar=0.2 cm.

Figure 6. Culcita spp. a in A new species of Astrosarkus from Western Australia including new Mesophotic occurrences of Indian Ocean Oreasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea)

Figure 6. Culcita spp. a, Culcita novaeguineae in situ from Bowl Slide, Australia, 99 m. Courtesy of R/V Falkor, Schmidt Ocean Institute; b, Culcita schmideliana, USNM E37276, Abactinal view. Scale bar=2.0 cm; c, Actinal view. Scale bar=2.0 cm.

Figure 10 in A new species of Astrosarkus from Western Australia including new Mesophotic occurrences of Indian Ocean Oreasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea)

Figure 10. Poraster superbus variation. All scale bars=1.5 cm. a, USNM E45289 Abactinal; b, Actinal; c, USNM E 47401, Abactinal; d, Actinal.

Figure 2 in A new species of Astrosarkus from Western Australia including new Mesophotic occurrences of Indian Ocean Oreasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea)

Figure 2. Astrosarkus idipi. Maldives/Mayotte. a, Astrosarkus idipi (white/red form) from Mayotte, 75 m. Photo courtesy Thierry Mayotte; b, Astrosarkus idipi (white/red form) from Maldives. Photo courtesy Paris Stefanopoulis; c, Astrosarkus idipi (orange form) from St. Leu, Reunion Island. Photo by Patrick Plantard; d, Orange form with white highlights from Lifou Island, New Caledonia. Photo courtesy Laurent Ballesta.