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Fig. 28 in Jaws of Late Cretaceous Placenticeratid Ammonites: How Preservation Affects the Interpretation of Morphology

Fig. 28. Drawing of part of the anterior end of UMUT MM28897 (see fig. 26A–D) showing the ridges paralleling the posterior margin. Texture as defined in figures 4 and 27.

Fig. 23 in Jaws of Late Cretaceous Placenticeratid Ammonites: How Preservation Affects the Interpretation of Morphology

Fig. 23. Parts of upper jaws (?) of Placenticeras meeki Böhm, 1898, or Placenticeras costatum Hyatt, 1903, 31. A. AMNH 47279, Baculites reesidei Zone, Bearpaw Shale, Travers Dam, Alberta, Canada. B. AMNH 47278, Baculites cuneatus Zone, Bearpaw Shale, Welling, Alberta, Canada.

Fig. 4 in Jaws of Late Cretaceous Placenticeratid Ammonites: How Preservation Affects the Interpretation of Morphology

Fig. 4. Drawings of AMNH 47275 (see fig. 3). A. Hypothetical cross section near the apical tip. B. Closeup of the anterior end. The cross hatched area indicates coarsely crystalline black material; the lined area indicates finely crystalline yellowish material.

Fig. 22 in Jaws of Late Cretaceous Placenticeratid Ammonites: How Preservation Affects the Interpretation of Morphology

Fig. 22. Upper jaw (right arrow) and lower jaw (?)(left arrow) of Placenticeras meeki Böhm, 1898, or Placenticeras costatum Hyatt, 1903, UWO.KMC.100126, Baculites cuneatus Zone, Bearpaw Shale, Welling, Alberta, Canada. The ventral surface of the upper jaw is exposed with the anterior end on top. Most of the right wing is preserved. Part of the lower jaw (?) is visible on the left side, 31.

Fig. 19 in Jaws of Late Cretaceous Placenticeratid Ammonites: How Preservation Affects the Interpretation of Morphology

Fig. 19. Drawings of BHMNH 5454a and 5454b (see figs. 17, 18). A. Hypothetical cross section through BHMNH 5454b approximately 10 mm from the apex. The two lamellae are separated on each side of the midline. B. Closeup of the anterior end of BHMNH 5454a showing the junction of the inner and outer lamellae, which is visible due to weathering away of part of the inner lamella. Texture as defined in figure 4.

Fig. 18 in Jaws of Late Cretaceous Placenticeratid Ammonites: How Preservation Affects the Interpretation of Morphology

Fig. 18. Lower jaw of Placenticeras meeki Böhm, 1898, or Placenticeras costatum Hyatt, 1903, BHMNH 5454a (see fig. 17). A. Left lateral view with anterior end to the left. The arrow indicates the steplike feature near the anterior edge, 33. B. Overview showing the Vshaped outline (arrow) representing the margin of the outer lamella, 33.

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Text-fig. 4. Pazlia hilaris gen. et sp. nov. (a, b) from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal (holotype, S175096) and Pazliopsis reyi gen. et sp. nov. (c, d) from the Early Cretaceous Torres Vedras locality (sample 038), Portugal (S174614); Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (xy0984) through the median plane of the seed showing the strongly thickened sclerenchyma under the hilar scar (hi), micropylar slit (mi) and the raphe (ra); note cells of exotesta are almost equally tall on both raphal and anti-raphal sides of the seed and gradually become shorter towards the micropyle. b) Transverse orthoslice (xy0984) through middle of seed showing the thickened cells of the exotesta; note that cells of the exotesta are almost equally tall on both raphal and anti-raphal sides. c) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0812) through apical part of seed in the median plane showing embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks) and surrounding nutritive tissue; note the tiny cells of embryo with central structures we interpret as the fossilized remains of nuclei. d) Detail of (4c) showing tiny embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks); nutritive tissue immediately surrounding the embryo is interpreted as endosperm (endo); whether there is any delimitation between this inner endosperm and the outer part of the nutritive tissues is not clear. Scale bars = 250 µm (a–c); 125 µm (d). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 4. Pazlia hilaris gen. et sp. nov. (a, b) from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal (holotype, S175096) and Pazliopsis reyi gen. et sp. nov. (c, d) from the Early Cretaceous Torres Vedras locality (sample 038), Portugal (S174614); Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (xy0984) through the median plane of the seed showing the strongly thickened sclerenchyma under the hilar scar (hi), micropylar slit (mi) and the raphe (ra); note cells of exotesta are almost equally tall on both raphal and anti-raphal sides of the seed and gradually become shorter towards the micropyle. b) Transverse orthoslice (xy0984) through middle of seed showing the thickened cells of the exotesta; note that cells of the exotesta are almost equally tall on both raphal and anti-raphal sides. c) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0812) through apical part of seed in the median plane showing embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks) and surrounding nutritive tissue; note the tiny cells of embryo with central structures we interpret as the fossilized remains of nuclei. d) Detail of (4c) showing tiny embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks); nutritive tissue immediately surrounding the embryo is interpreted as endosperm (endo); whether there is any delimitation between this inner endosperm and the outer part of the nutritive tissues is not clear. Scale bars = 250 µm (a–c); 125 µm (d).

Figure 7 in The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation

Figure 7. Original skull of the holotype of 'Felis spelaea Goldfuss, 1810' from Zoolithen Cave, southern Germany (Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität Berlin No. MB.Ma.50948). A, frontal; B, occipital.

Figure 4 in The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation

Figure 4. Original figure from Goldfuss (1810) of the holotype of 'Felis spelaea Goldfuss, 1810' from Zoolithen Cave, southern Germany. The skull has a strong bite mark and pathology in the middle of the saggital crest (cf. Figs 6, 7).

Figure 6 in The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation

Figure 6. Original skull of the holotype of 'Felis spelaea Goldfuss, 1810' from Zoolithen Cave, southern Germany (Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität Berlin No. MB.Ma.50948). A, ventral with lower jaws; B, ventral without lower jaws.

Figure 3 in The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation

Figure 3. Original skull of the holotype of 'Hyena spelaea Goldfuss, 1823' from Zoolithen Cave, southern Germany (Goldfuss-Museum Bonn No. M2609). A, lateral right; B, ventral; C, occipital; D, dorsal.

Figure 5 in The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation

Figure 5. Original skull of the holotype of 'Felis spelaea Goldfuss, 1810' from Zoolithen Cave, southern Germany (Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität Berlin No. MB.Ma.50948). Skull with bite mark and pathology on the middle of the saggital crest (cf. Figs 4, 9). A, lateral left with lower jaws; B, dorsal view with lower jaws. The bite mark on the right parietal and pathology is characteristic of this skull.

Figure 9. A in The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation

Figure 9. A, male lion with strong bite damage, which died in an early stage of the callus-healing process [holotype of P. l. spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810) from Zoolithen Cave, southern Germany]. B, skull of a lioness with a partially healed bite scratch or braincase fracture [original lioness skeleton of P. l. spelaea (cf. Diedrich & Žák, 2006) from Srbsko, central Czech Republic].

Figure 2 in The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation

Figure 2. Original figure of the holotype of 'Hyaena spelaea Goldfuss, 1823' from Goldfuss (1810) from Zoolithen Cave, southern Germany. Skull is damaged on the left side and lacks most teeth (cf. Fig. 3).

Figure 8 in The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation

Figure 8. Original skull of the holotype of 'Felis spelaea Goldfuss, 1810' from Zoolithen Cave, southern Germany (Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität Berlin No. MB.Ma.50948). Skull with bite mark and pathology on the middle of the saggital crest (cf. Figs 6, 7). 1. lower jaw composed of two different individuals. The right mandible is much larger and from a very old male, whereas the smaller left one seems to be from a lioness. A, right mandible, lateral; B, jaws, dorsal. 2, bite mark in the saggital crest and long scratch groove on the right parietal. The callus indicates that the animal survived for a short time after the bite.

Figure 10 in The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation

Figure 10. Ice Age spotted hyenas hauling injured male steppe lion carcass into their cave den (Zoolithen Cave, southern Germany) (Illustration: Rinaldino, 2007).

Figure 9 in Developmental patterns of the crocodilian and avian columella auris: reappraisal of interpretations of the derivation of the dorsal hyoid arch in archosaurian tetrapods

Figure 9. Development of the columella auris in Gallus domesticus and Coturnix japonica. A, day-8 chick embryo, ventro-right lateral view. B, day-10 chick embryo, postero-right lateral view. C, day-11 chick embryo, antero-right lateral view. D, day-7 quail embryo, left lateral view. E, day-9 quail embryo, ventro-right lateral view. F, day-9 quail embryo, ventro-left lateral view. G, day-10 quail embryo, ventropostero-right lateral view. For abbreviations see the Appendix. A–G: whole mounts.

Figure 8 in Developmental patterns of the crocodilian and avian columella auris: reappraisal of interpretations of the derivation of the dorsal hyoid arch in archosaurian tetrapods

Figure 8. Development of the columella auris and surrounding tissues in Struthio camelus. A, day-16 embryo, posteroleft lateral and anteroventro-left lateral view. B, day-17 embryo, ventro-left lateral view. C, day-18 embryo, left lateral view. D, day-20 embryo, postero-left lateral view. E, day-25 embryo, antero-left lateral view. F, day-29 embryo,

Figure 6 in Developmental patterns of the crocodilian and avian columella auris: reappraisal of interpretations of the derivation of the dorsal hyoid arch in archosaurian tetrapods

Figure 6. Development of the columella auris and surrounding tissues in Struthio camelus. A, day-11 embryo, ventro-right lateral view. B, day-12 embryo, ventro-right lateral view. C and D, day-13 embryo, postero-left lateral view. E, day-13 embryo, posterior view. F, day-13 embryo, postero-dorsal and posterior view. G, day-13 embryo, anterior view. For abbreviations see the Appendix. The dotted yellow circle represents the region of the tympanic process. The dotted red circle represents tympanic invagination. A and B, whole mounts; C–G, graphic reconstructions.

Figure 5 in Developmental patterns of the crocodilian and avian columella auris: reappraisal of interpretations of the derivation of the dorsal hyoid arch in archosaurian tetrapods

Figure 5. Development of the columella auris of Crocodylus niloticus. A, day-17 embryo, left lateral view. B, day-21 embryo, left lateral view. C, day-25 embryo, left lateral view. D, day-26 embryo, left lateral view. E, day-26 embryo, right lateral view. F, day-27 embryo, right lateral view. G, day-29 embryo, right lateral view. H, day-29 embryo, left lateral view. I, day-30 embryo, left lateral view. J, day-35 embryo, left lateral view. K, day-40 embryo, left lateral view. For abbreviations see the Appendix. A–K, whole mounts.