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Litterfall on the elevational gradient (Group 5) from the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in 1995
Null Hypothesis: Litterfall weights not statistically different between plots on the altitudinal gradient.
Litterfall on the elevational gradient (Group 6) from the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1995 to 1996
Null Hypothesis: Litterfall weights not statistically different between plots on the altitudinal gradient.
Litterfall on the elevational gradient (Group 7) in the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1996 to 1998
Null Hypothesis: Litterfall weights are not statistically different between plots on the altitudinal gradient.
Dendrometer Band Measurements from the Coweeta LTER Terrestrial Gradient Sites, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina.
Trees for this project were banded with aluminum bands and growth increment markers to accurately measure tree growth at multiple times during the year. Trees were located on each of the five terrestrial gradient plots. Tree species, initial diameter, and subsequent calculated diameters are included for each tree.
Fine root dynamics along an elevational gradient in the southern Appalachian mountains in the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1993 to 1994
Annual rates of fine root mass appearance and disappearance were calculated from samples of fine roots taken in soil cores over time on the five gradient plots.
Fine root dynamics along an elevational gradient in the southern Appalachian mountains in the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1994 to 1995 (lengths of fine root segments)
The lengths of fine root segments visible in photographs of roots growing against the windows of minirhizotron boxes were measured.
Canopy gradient frass from the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1996 to 1998
Insect frass was collected for more than two years along an elevation gradient at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory.
Hourly gap microclimate measurements from the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in 1993 and 1994
LTER Gap Project Overview Fact: Tree mortality at small spatial scales represents background levels of forest disturbance in the southern Appalachians, and is the dominant and most frequent initiator of change in terrestrial ecosystems. Hypothesis: Large-scale and rare episodic events (i.e., hurricanes, ice, etc.) may do more to influence tree replacement and stand composition in the long-run than do small scale tree mortality events. Overall Question: What is the ecological significance of small scale mortality events with respect to biotic and abiotic responses. Approach: Experimentally create typical (<300 m2) canopy gaps (girdling and herbicides) at two elevations in Rhododendron and non-Rhododendron areas. Measurements: -automated micro-environmental measurements (air and soil temperature), photosynthetically active radiation, %WC. -hemispherical photography -dendrometer bands and repeated measurements -population dynamics and seedling physiology -in situ closed core N mineralization and nitrification -small and large mammal seed and plant herbivory using exclosures Specific Questions: 1) How are microclimate and nutrient (N) cycling affected by small scale canopy removal? 2) What are the physiological and productivity responses of advanced regeneration? 3) What is the productivity response of non-gap-maker trees (dominants, co-dominant, and saplings)? 4) What strategy for recovery is most likely (seedling recruitment, sapling ingrowth, canopy closure)? 5) How do all of the above relate to/regulate each other? 6) What is the effect of elevation on response? 7) How do responses differ in Rhododendron versus non-Rhododendron areas?
Gap dendrometer band measurements at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1992 to 2000 (Circumference measurements)
Tree mortality at small spatial scales represents background levels of forest disturbance in the southern Appalachians, and is the dominant and most frequent initiator of change in terrestrial ecosystems. Large-scale and rare episodic events (i.e., hurricanes, ice, etc.) may do more to influence tree replacement and stand composition in the long-run than do small scale tree mortality events. What is the ecological significance of small scale mortality events with respect to biotic and abiotic responses? We experimentally created typical (<300 m2) canopy gaps (girdling and herbicides) at two elevations in Rhododendron and non-Rhododendron areas. The measurements in this study included automated micro-environmental measurements (air and soil temperature), photosynthetically active radiation, %WC, hemispherical photography, dendrometer bands and repeated measurements, population dynamics and seedling physiology, in situ closed core N mineralization and nitrification, and small and large mammal seed and plant herbivory using exclosures. Here are some specific questions relating to this study. How are microclimate and nutrient (N) cycling affected by small scale canopy removal? What are the physiological and productivity responses of advanced regeneration? What is the productivity response of non-gap-maker trees (dominants, co-dominant, and saplings)? What strategy for recovery is most likely (seedling recruitment, sapling ingrowth, canopy closure)? How do all of the above relate to/regulate each other? What is the effect of elevation on response? How do responses differ in Rhododendron versus non-Rhododendron areas?
Effects of Hurricane Opal on foliar chemistry and insect herbivores at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in 1997: foliar chemistry data
Hurricane damage results in tree mortality and variation in both light and nutrient availability for the individuals that remain. In turn, resource availability influences the interactions between plants and insect herbivores. We report effects of Hurricane Opal on the phenolic chemistry and levels of defoliation on surviving trees at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in North Carolina. We measured foliar astringency, hydrolysable tannins, and condensed tannins in the foliage of red maple and red oak saplings in hurricane damaged and undamaged sites. We estimated inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus availability in the soil, and the accumulated leaf area removed by insect herbivores. The foliar astringency of both red maple and red oak was higher in sites damaged by the hurricane. Later in the growing season, condensed tannin levels were significantly higher in the foliage of red oak in damaged sites. There were no consistent differences in ammonium, nitrate, or phosphate availability between damaged and undamaged sites. Despite higher foliar astringency of trees in sites damaged by Hurricane Opal, levels of defoliation by insect herbivores were higher in damaged than in control sites on both tree species. Apparent increases in putative defensive compounds following hurricane damage did not protect trees from herbivory.
Probing the mechanisms by which sub-canopy evergreen shrubs inhibit tree seedling recruitment at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1999 to 2003
Two hundred 2x2 meter plots along transects and traversing 3 understory conditions; rhododendron, kalmia, open. Light conditions will be assessed for each plot and the extreme 50% will be used for experimentation. All plots will be planted to a combination of northern red oak, chestnut oak, red maple, and pitch pine. Inoculated (with mychorrizae) and non-inoculated seedlings will be planted in the plots. Relationships between performance and mychorrizal infection will be determined.
Trapping system for longhorn beetles at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 2000 to 2003
This was a pheromone trapping experiment for bark and wood boring beetles. The study attempts to develop an efficient trapping system for the detection and monitoring of exotic bark and wood boring beetles, particularly longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae). It was conducted from 12 May 2003 to 30 July 2003 in mature white pine stand with lots of tree mortality to southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis. There were four replicates of eight treatments set in RBD with four replicates at each of two sites. Treatments involved funnel traps baited with combinations of three common bark beetle pheromones: lanierone, ipsenol and ipsdienol. The objective is to use areas in the south with substantial populations of native beetles to develop a generic trap for large wood borers before attempting trials in areas such as China and Russia. Several types of intercept traps will be tested with various host compounds such as ethanol and alpha-pinene.
Soil respiration in treatment boxes on canopy gradient sites at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1997 to 1998
We tested whether inputs from canopy herbivores would affect soil processes such as respiration, nutrient cycling, and decomposition along an elevation gradient. The five treatments we used were frass additions, throughfall additions, removal of all litter that fell during the study, removal of greenfall that fell during the study, and controls. Soil respiration was significantly reduced on low and mid elevation sites in litter exclusion, greenfall exclusion and throughfall addition treatments (from 0.846 g CO2/m2/h for controls to 0.618, 0.667, and 0.708 g CO2/m2/h, respectively, for the three treatments).
Soil respiration and precipitation data at resin bag sites on canopy gradient sites at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in 1998 (dataset 1056)
We tested whether inputs from canopy herbivores would affect soil processes such as respiration, nutrient cycling, and decomposition along an elevation gradient. The five treatments we used were frass additions, throughfall additions, removal of all litter that fell during the study, removal of greenfall that fell during the study, and controls. Soil respiration was significantly reduced on low and mid elevation sites in litter exclusion, greenfall exclusion and throughfall addition treatments (from 0.846 g CO2/m2/h for controls to 0.618, 0.667, and 0.708 g CO2/m2/h, respectively, for the three treatments).
Nematodes in canopy gradient sites at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1997 to 1998
Soil nematodes were extracted from litter bags collected from canopy gradient sites as part of: Reynolds, Barbara F.. 2000. Effects of canopy herbivores on soil systems along an elevational gradient. Ph.D. Dissertation. Athens, GA: University of Georgia. These data represent total numbers of nematodes. Different trophic groups are not distinguished. Litter was a combination of red oak and red maple. Nematode counts are based on calculated dry weight of litter.
Litter decomposition in canopy gradient plots at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in 1998
Decomposition is frequently measured using litter bags containing known amounts of litter. A set of litter bags can be sampled over time and the weight loss which is measured serves as an index of decomposition. By measuring litter breakdown rate (decomposition) of the same species of litter along the elevation gradient, we could measure variation among the different elevations due to our treatments and elevation effects. Treatments used on quadrat boxes include frass additions (boxes 3,8,13,18,23), thrufall additions (boxes 4,9,14,19,24), controls (boxes 5,10,15,20,25), greenfall exclusion (boxes 2,7,12,17,22) and litterfall exclusion (boxes 1,6,11,16,21).
Litter decomposition in quadrat treatments along elevation gradient for canopy herbivore input study at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1997 to 1999
Decomposition is frequently measured using litter bags containing known amounts of litter. A set of litter bags can be sampled over time and the weight loss which is measured serves as an index of decomposition. By measuring litter breakdown rate (decomposition) of the same species of litter along the elevation gradient, we could measure variation among the different elevations due to our treatments and elevation effects. Treatments included frass additions, thrufall additions, greenfall exclusion, all litter excluded, and controls.
Recruitment potential of southern and local tree species at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 2003 to 2005
For the Southeast US, biogeography models predict an increase in aridity with vegetation changes from temperate deciduous forest to southern mixed forest if there are moderate temperature increases, or to savanna landscapes under drier scenarios (Bachelet et al. 2001). Given this forecast, I hypothesize that the colonization potential of coastal and more southern species in the North Carolina Piedmont and southern Appalachians will be enhanced by a warmer and drier climate. The nature of this vegetation shift will mainly depend on the adaptability of these species to the specific characteristics of the sites. Considering that recruitment is the limiting stage for successful establishment of tree populations (Harper 1977), I propose to study recruitment limitation of potential migrant species relative to local trees in two regions in North Carolina, the Piedmont and the southern Appalachian mountains. Experimental manipulations will allow the quantification of recruitment potential of non-native tree species and their performance with respect to native species. Field and greenhouse experiments will be used to develop and parameterize a model of community recruitment. I will employ the model to elucidate potential changes in forest species composition under a suite of future climate scenarios. Both data and modeling work are expected to improve our understanding about the mechanisms that may be involved in restructuring communities in the face of a changing climate.
Tree growth (1999-2012) for the Functional Diversity project, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina
The importance of the herbaceous layer in regulating ecosystem processes in deciduous forests is generally unknown. We use a manipulative study in a rich, mesophytic cove forest in the southern Appalachians to test the following hypotheses: (i) the herbaceous functional group (HFG) in mesophytic coves accelerates carbon and nutrient cycling, (ii) high litter quality input and rapid nutrient turnover associated with HFG will have a positive effect on overstory tree growth, and (iii) the HFG regulates tree regeneration with negative effects on seedling establishment due to competition for resources. We established treatment plots in a mesic, cove-hardwoods forest and removed the herbaceous flora (HR, removed twice per year) or added herbaceous organic material (OMA, once per year) for comparison to a no removal (NR) reference for a total of 14 years. The OMA treatment stimulated soil N-mineralization and increased litterfall mass and N content. OMA N-mineralization rates were more than two times greater than both the NR and HR treatments; however, we did not detect significant differences in soil CO2 efflux among treatments. Higher overstory litterfall mass and N in the OMA treatment plots indicated that overstory trees were benefiting from the enhanced soil N-mineralization. Higher overstory leaf mass and N suggests an important linkage between HR and aboveground net primary production even though this did not translate into greater tree basal area increment. We found an increase in regeneration of all tree species with HFG removal, and the response was particularly evident for Acer rubrum seedlings.
Manual soil moisture measurements from ten artificial forest gaps at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina, 2000-2018
Ten artificial forest gaps were created in March 2002 at Coweeta, following two years of pretreatment data collection. Experimental gaps were created by pulling canopy trees with a winch until they were down. Trees, saplings, and seedlings were censused and tracked as part of a demography study. Soil moisture data was collected during the growing season as an explanatory variable for tree survivorship and mortality.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.