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1,225 results for “land snail”
Deep structure, long-distance migration and admixture in the colour polymorphic land snail Cepaea nemoralis
<p>While snails of the genus <em>Cepaea</em> have historically been important in studying colour polymorphism<em> </em>an ongoing issue is that there is a lack of knowledge of the underlying genetics of the polymorphism, as well as an absence of genomic data to put findings in context. We therefore used phylogenomic methods to begin to investigate the post-glacial history of <em>Cepaea nemoralis</em>, with a long-term aim to understand the roles that selection and drift have in determining both European-wide and local patterns of colour polymorphism. By combining prior and new mitochondrial DNA data from over 1500 individuals with ddRAD genomic data from representative individuals across Europe, we show that patterns of differentiation are primarily due to multiple deeply diverged populations of snails. Minimally, there is a widespread Central European population and additional diverged groups in Northern Spain, the Pyrenees, as well as likely Italy and South Eastern Europe. The genomic analysis showed that the present-day snails in Ireland and possibly some other locations are likely descendants of admixture between snails from the Pyrenees and the Central European group, an observation that is consistent with prior inferences from mtDNA alone. The interpretation is that <em>C. nemoralis</em> may have arrived in Ireland via long-distance migration from the Pyrenean region, subsequently admixing with arrivals from elsewhere. This work therefore provides a baseline expectation for future studies on the genetics of the colour polymorphism, as well as providing a comparator for similar species.</p>
Data from: In both directions: Expansions of European land snails to the north and south from glacial refugia
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: The location of glacial refugia and the timing of postglacial colonisations remain of interest because together they inform about the ability of species to track shifting climates. In the associated paper, we tested a hypothesis that a central European forest land snail species survived in a northern refugium, which was proposed based on fossil finds indirectly dated to the Last Glacial Maximum and Late Glacial. We assessed the credibility of our results by comparing them to those obtained from three other, broadly sympatric land snail species.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Central Europe and the Balkans.</p> <p><strong>Taxon</strong>: Pulmonate land snails: <em>Monachoides incarnatus</em> (Hygromiidae) and <em>Helix pomatia</em>, <em>Helix thessalica,</em> and <em>Caucasotachea vindobonensis</em> (Helicidae).</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We used continuous phylogeographic analysis of mitochondrial data to trace the origin of postglacially expanding lineages and direct radiocarbon dating to verify the presumed glacial presence of <em>M. incarnatus</em> on the territories of Czechia and Slovakia. Geolocated concatenated sequences of partial 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I were analysed using BEAST 1.10.4. and conclusions were drawn from the reconstructed geographic positions of internal nodes in the resulting phylogenetic trees.</p> <p><strong>Data</strong>: Input files for the phylogeograpic analyses, containing the sequence alignments and analysis settings, and the trees summarizing the results of the analyses.</p>
Fig. 3 in On the distribution and ecology of a rare land snail, Eostrobilops coreana (Pilsbry, 1927) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Strobilopsidae)
Fig. 3. Relief of Peschany Peninsula. Photo by L.A. Prozorova, November 1, 2020.
РИС. 10. Относительная ваЖность предикторов для моделей распространения Brephulopsis.cylindrica. in Land snails Brephulopsis cylindrica and Xeropicta derbentina (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): case study of invasive species distribution modelling
РИС. 10. Относительная ваЖность предикторов для моделей распространения Brephulopsis.cylindrica.
РИС. 7. Пригодность местообитаний для Xeropicta derbentina согласно ансамблевой модели. in Land snails Brephulopsis cylindrica and Xeropicta derbentina (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): case study of invasive species distribution modelling
РИС. 7. Пригодность местообитаний для Xeropicta derbentina согласно ансамблевой модели.
Figure 1 in Record of pestiferous land snail, Macrochlamys indica Godwin-Austen 1883 (Gastropoda: Ariophantidae), on citrus and guava plants in Punjab, India
Figure 1. Snail on Kinnow mandarin nursery plant.
Fig. 4 in Abundance And Diversity Of Land-Snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) On Limestone Hills In Borneo
Fig. 4. Diversity against abundance for Tabin, with logarithmic trendline fitted.
Fig. 2 in Abundance And Diversity Of Land-Snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) On Limestone Hills In Borneo
Fig. 2. Relative abundance (number of snails found per plot) against pH.
Fig. 3 in Abundance And Diversity Of Land-Snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) On Limestone Hills In Borneo
Fig. 3. Relative abundance (number of snails found per plot) against carbonate concentration.
Fig. 5 in Abundance And Diversity Of Land-Snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) On Limestone Hills In Borneo
Fig. 5. Diversity against abundance for Danum, with logarithmic trendline fitted.
Fig. 1 in Effect of temperature and egg laying depths on giant African land snail (Gastropoda: Achatinidae) viability
Fig. 1. Percent mortality of Lissachatina fulica at different temperature extremes.
Fig. 2 in Effect of temperature and egg laying depths on giant African land snail (Gastropoda: Achatinidae) viability
Fig. 2. Percent hatch and emergence of Lissachatina fulica from different soil depths.
Figure 33 in Descriptions of New Species of the Diverse and Endemic Land Snail Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933 from Rainforest Patches across the Kimberley, Western Australia (Pulmonata: Camaenidae)
Figure 33. Penial anatomy of Amplirhagada
Fig. 3 in Discovery of an overlooked Helicarionid land snail (Helicarionidae: Durgellinae) from northeastern Thailand, with description of a new genus and new species, and note on radula morphology and genital system
Fig. 3. Aenigmatoconcha clivicola, new species, holotype (NHMSU-0013).
Evolutionary history of inshore oceanic island land snails diversified in shell colour
<p><strong><span>Aim: </span></strong><span>Oceanic islands provide an excellent opportunity to study the mode and tempo of phenotypic evolution of terrestrial organisms. Many studies have focused on oceanic islands far from the mainland. Oceanic islands near the mainland may provide distinct perspectives on phenotypic evolution, but a comprehensive understanding is still lacking. To address this gap, this study aimed to reveal when a land snail species inhabiting a volcanic archipelago within 40 km of the mainland diverged and how their</span> <span>shell colours evolved.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Location:</span></strong><span> Southern Izu Peninsula and five Izu Islands (Oshima, Toshima, Niijima, Shikine, and Kozu), Japan.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Taxon:</span></strong><span> <em>Euhadra peliomphala simodae</em></span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods:</span></strong><span> Double-digest restricted-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) was conducted using 117 individual snails. Molecular phylogenetic and population genomic analyses were performed, including Approximation Bayesian computation (ABC). We then examined whether the island area, elevation</span>, <span>distance from the surrounding landmasses and historical event (bottleneck) explain the shell colour diversity on each island using a phylogenetic generalised linear </span>mixed<span> model (PGLMM).</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> Snails could be genetically categorised according to the island they inhabited, and on Niijima, their genetic structure was further divided within the island. The divergence times among the extant populations of the snail dated back to 2.1 million years ago (Ma), which is older than that of other animals occurring in this region. Additionally, island elevation positively affected shell colour diversity, and populations with similar shell colour profiles were phylogenetically different.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Main conclusions: </span></strong><span>Island land snails diversified early in the ecosystem of the Izu Islands. This suggests that proximity to the mainland, immobility and the physiological tolerance of passive dispersal in land snails were the main causes of early diversification. Moreover, our study proposes that environments covarying with elevation would determine shell colour diversity on each island through natural selection.</span></p>
Fig. 16 in Revision of the genus Prestonella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea: Bulimulidae s. l.), a distinctive component of the African land snail fauna
Fig. 16. Distribution of Prestonella nuptialis (9) and P. quadingensis ().
Fig. 26 in Revision of the genus Prestonella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea: Bulimulidae s. l.), a distinctive component of the African land snail fauna
Fig. 26. Prestonella nuptialis jaw, extended through mouth after drowning (NMSA W5507).
Fig. 9 in Revision of the genus Prestonella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea: Bulimulidae s. l.), a distinctive component of the African land snail fauna
Fig. 9. Prestonella bowkeri distribution.
FIGURE 7 in Multigene phylogeny reveals the ribbed shell morphotypes in the land snail genus Sarika (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae), with description of two new species from Thailand and Myanmar
FIGURE 7 Shell and body variation in Sarika siamensis.
Overcoming the congenitally disadvantageous mutation through adaptation to environmental UV exposure in land snails
<p>Congenital fitness-disadvantageous mutations are not maintained in the population; they are purged from the population through processes such as purifying selection. However, these mutations could persist in the population as polymorphisms when it is advantageous for the individuals carrying them to adapt to a specific external environment. We tested this hypothesis using the dimorphic land snail <em>Euhadra peliomphala simodae</em> in Japan; these snails have dark or bright-coloured shells. The survival rate of dark snails at hatching was lower than that of the bright ones, as observed in the F1 progenies produced through crossing. Dark snails have a congenital fitness-disadvantageous mutation; however, they also have protection against ultraviolet radiation. They have a higher survival rate than the bright snails in a UV environment, as observed using the UV exposure experiments and UV transmittance measurements. This is a good example of a congenitally disadvantageous mutation that is advantageous for adapting to the external environment. These results explain the maintenance of polymorphism and highlight the genotypic and phenotypic diversity in the wild population.</p>
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