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11,869 results for “metabolic”
Metabolic rate data and code for: Intra-specific differences in metabolic rates shape carbon stable isotope trophic discrimination factors of muscle tissue in the common teleost Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis)
<p>Metabolic rate data and code for: Intra-specific differences in metabolic rates shape carbon stable isotope trophic discrimination factors of muscle tissue in the common teleost Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis)</p> <p> </p> <p>The raw data and R-code used to calculate SMR used in the analysis. </p>
Multigenerational exposure to elevated temperatures leads to a reduction in standard metabolic rate in the wild
<ol> <li>In light of global climate change, there is a pressing need to understand and predict the capacity of populations to respond to rising temperatures. Metabolic rate is a key trait that is likely to influence the ability to cope with climate change. Yet, empirical and theoretical work on metabolic rate responses to temperature changes has so far produced mixed results and conflicting predictions.</li> <li>Our study addresses this issue using a novel approach of comparing fish populations in geothermally warmed lakes and adjacent ambient-temperature lakes in Iceland. This unique 'natural experiment' provides repeated and independent examples of populations experiencing contrasting thermal environments for many generations over a small geographic scale, thereby avoiding the confounding factors associated with latitudinal or elevational comparisons. Using Icelandic sticklebacks from three warm and three cold habitats, we measured individual metabolic rates across a range of acclimation temperatures to obtain reaction norms for each population.</li> <li>We found a general pattern for a lower standard metabolic rate in sticklebacks from warm habitats when measured at a common temperature, as predicted by Krogh's rule. Metabolic rate differences between warm- and cold-habitat sticklebacks were more pronounced at more extreme acclimation temperatures, suggesting the release of cryptic genetic variation upon exposure to novel conditions, which can reveal hidden evolutionary potential. We also found a stronger divergence in metabolic rate between thermal habitats in allopatry than sympatry, indicating that gene flow may constrain physiological adaptation when dispersal between warm and cold habitats is possible.</li> <li>In sum, our study suggests that fish may diverge toward a lower standard metabolic rate in a warming world, but this might depend on connectivity and gene flow between different thermal habitats.</li> </ol>
Data from: Is repeatability of metabolic rate influenced by social separation? a test with a teleost fish
<p>Metabolic rates are typically thought to have important influences on fitness and more broadly be relevant to the ecology and evolution of animals. Previous studies demonstrate that metabolic rates are repeatable to a certain extent under constant conditions, but how social conditions influence the repeatability of metabolic rate remains largely unknown. In this study we investigated the repeatability of resting metabolic rate (RMR) in the highly-social crucian carp<i> </i>(<i>Carassius auratus</i>)<i> </i>after being socially separated for different time periods relative to control fish that were not socially separated. We found that RMR was repeatable in fish in the control group, while the repeatability of RMR disappeared quickly (even within 7 d) when fish were exposed to social separation. This study is the first to examine the role of social separation at different time periods on the repeatability of intra-individual physiological variation in fish. <span>We highlight that inter-individual repeatability of metabolic rate can be substantial</span> <span>over time but was eliminated by </span>social separation<span>. </span>The findings <span>indicate that the repeatability of metabolic rate in fish is condition-dependent, and that the change in repeatability of metabolic rate should not be overlooked when considering the ecological and evolutionary effects of </span>environmental change<span>.</span></p>
Data from: Does metabolism constrain bird and mammal ranges and predict shifts in response to climate change?
Mechanistic approaches for predicting the ranges of endotherms are needed to forecast their responses to environmental change. We test whether physiological constraints on maximum metabolic rate and the factor by which endotherms can elevate their metabolism (metabolic expansibility) influence cold range limits for mammal and bird species. We examine metabolic expansibility at the cold range boundary (MECRB) and whether species' traits can predict variability in MECRB and then use MECRB as an initial approach to project range shifts for 210 mammal and 61 bird species. We find evidence for metabolic constraints: the distributions of metabolic expansibility at the cold range boundary peak at similar values for birds (2.7) and mammals (3.2). The right skewed distributions suggest some species have adapted to elevate or evade metabolic constraints. Mammals exhibit greater skew than birds, consistent with their diverse thermoregulatory adaptations and behaviors. Mammal and bird species that are small and occupy low trophic levels exhibit high levels of MECRB. Mammals with high MECRB tend to hibernate or use torpor. Predicted metabolic rates at the cold range boundaries represent large energetic expenditures (>50% of maximum metabolic rates). We project species to shift their cold range boundaries poleward by an average of 3.9° latitude by 2070 if metabolic constraints remain constant. Our analysis suggests that metabolic constraints provide a viable mechanism for initial projections of the cold range boundaries for endotherms. However, errors and approximations in estimating metabolic constraints (e.g., acclimation responses) and evasion of these constraints (e.g., torpor/hibernation, microclimate selection) highlight the need for more detailed, taxa‐specific mechanistic models. Even coarse considerations of metabolism will likely lead to improved predictions over exclusively considering thermal tolerance for endotherms.
Data from: Why does offspring size affect performance? Integrating metabolic scaling with life-history theory
Within species, larger offspring typically outperform smaller offspring. While the relationship between offspring size and performance is ubiquitous, the cause of this relationship remains elusive. By linking metabolic and life-history theory, we provide a general explanation for why larger offspring perform better than smaller offspring. Using high-throughput respirometry arrays, we link metabolic rate to offspring size in two species of marine bryozoan. We found that metabolism scales allometrically with offspring size in both species: while larger offspring utilise absolutely more energy than smaller offspring, larger offspring use proportionally less of their maternally-derived energy throughout the dependent, non-feeding phase. The increased metabolic efficiency of larger offspring while dependent on maternal investment may explain offspring size effects –larger offspring reach nutritional independence (feed for themselves) with a higher proportion of energy relative to structure than smaller offspring. These findings offer a potentially universal explanation for why larger offspring tend to perform better than smaller offspring but studies on other taxa are needed.
Metabolic rate in common shrews is unaffected by seasonal temperature, leading to reduction of energetic costs through size reduction
<p>Small endothermic mammals have high metabolisms, particularly at cold temperatures. In light of this, some species have evolved a seemingly illogical strategy: they reduce the size of the brain and several organs to become even smaller in winter. To test how this morphological strategy affects energy consumption across seasonally shifting ambient temperatures, we measured oxygen consumption and behaviour in the three seasonal phenotypes of the common shrew (<i>Sorex araneus</i>), which differ in size by about 20%. Body mass was the main driver of oxygen consumption, not the reduction of metabolically expensive brain mass. Against our expectations, we found no change in relative oxygen consumption with low ambient temperature. Thus, smaller body size in winter resulted in significant absolute energy savings. This could only partly be explained by a change in activity budgets. Our findings highlight that these shrews manage to avoid one of the most fundamental and intuitive rules of ecology allowing them to subsist with lower resource availability and successfully survive the harsh conditions of winter.</p>
Universal metabolic constraints shape the evolutionary ecology of diving in animals
<p>Diving as a lifestyle has evolved on multiple occasions when air-breathing terrestrial animals invaded the aquatic realm, and diving performance shapes the ecology and behaviour of all air-breathing aquatic taxa, from small insects to great whales. Using the largest dataset yet assembled, we show that maximum dive duration increases predictably with body mass in both ectotherms and endotherms. Compared to endotherms, ectotherms can remain submerged for longer, but the mass scaling relationship for dive duration is much steeper in endotherms than in ectotherms. These differences in diving allometry can be fully explained by inherent differences between the two groups in their metabolic rate and how metabolism scales with body mass and temperature. Therefore, we suggest that similar constraints on oxygen storage and usage have shaped the evolutionary ecology of diving in all air-breathing animals, irrespective of their evolutionary history and metabolic mode. The steeper scaling relationship between body mass and dive duration in endotherms not only helps explain why the largest extant vertebrate divers are endothermic rather than ectothermic, but also fits well with the emerging consensus that large extinct tetrapod divers (e.g. plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs and mosasaurs) were endothermic.</p>
Data from: Reconfiguration of functional brain networks and metabolic cost converge during task performance
<p>The ability to solve cognitive tasks depends upon adaptive changes in the organization of whole-brain functional networks. However, the link between task-induced network reconfigurations and their underlying energy demands is poorly understood. We address this by multimodal network analyses integrating functional and molecular neuroimaging acquired concurrently during a complex cognitive task. Task engagement elicited a marked increase in the association between glucose consumption and functional brain network reorganization. This convergence between metabolic and neural processes was specific to feedforward connections linking the visual and dorsal attention networks, in accordance with task requirements of visuo-spatial reasoning. Further increases in cognitive load above initial task engagement did not affect the relationship between metabolism and network reorganization but only modulated existing interactions. Our findings show how the upregulation of key computational mechanisms to support cognitive performance unveils the complex, interdependent changes in neural metabolism and neuro-vascular responses.</p>
Larval nutrition impacts the scaling of adult metabolic rate with body mass in honeybees
<p>Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a fundamental physiological measure linked to numerous aspects of organismal function, including lifespan. Although dietary restriction in insects during larval growth/development affects adult RMR, the impact of larval diet quality on adult RMR has not been studied. Using in vitro rearing to control larval diet quality, we determined the effect of dietary protein and carbohydrate on honeybee survival-to-adulthood, time-to-eclosion, body mass/size and adult RMR. High carbohydrate larval diets increased survival-to-adulthood and time-to-eclosion compared to both low carbohydrate and high protein diets. Upon emergence, bees reared on the high protein diet were smaller and lighter than those reared on other diets, whilst those raised on the high carbohydrate diet varied more in body mass. Newly-emerged adult bees' reared on the high carbohydrate diet showed a significantly steeper increase in allometric scaling of RMR compared to those reared on other diets. This suggests that diet quality influences survival-to-adulthood, time-to-eclosion, and the allometric scaling of RMR. Given that agricultural intensification and increasing urbanisation have led to a decrease in both forage availability and dietary diversity for bees, our results are critical to improving understanding of the impacts of poor developmental nutrition on bee growth/development and physiology.</p>
Soil inoculation alters leaf metabolic profiles in genetically identical plants
<p> Abiotic and biotic properties of soil can influence growth and chemical composition of plants. Although it is well-known that soil microbial composition can vary greatly spatially, how this variation affects plant chemical composition is poorly understood. We grew genetically identical <em>Jacobaea vulgaris</em> in sterilized soil inoculated with live soil collected from four natural grasslands and in 100% sterilized soil. Within each grassland we sampled eight plots, totalling 32 different inocula. Two samples per plot were collected, leading to three levels of spatial variation: within plot, between and within grasslands. The leaf metabolome was analysed with <sup>1</sup>H Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to investigate if inoculation altered the metabolome of plants and how this varied between and within grasslands. Inoculation led to changes in metabolomics profiles of J. vulgaris in two out of four sites. Plants grown in sterilized and inoculated soils differed in concentrations of malic acid, tyrosine, trehalose and two pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA). Metabolomes of plants grown in inoculated soils from different sites varied in glucose, malic acid, trehalose, tyrosine and in one PA. The metabolome of plants grown in soils with inocula from the same site was more similar than with inocula from distant sites. We show that soil influences leaf metabolomes. Performance of aboveground insects often depends on chemical composition of plants. Hence our results imply that soil microbial communities, via affecting aboveground plant metabolomes, can impact aboveground plant-insect food chains but that it is difficult to make general predictions due to spatial variation in soil microbiomes.</p> <div> <div> <div class="msocomtxt"> </div> </div> </div>
Data from: Energetic fitness: field metabolic rates assessed via 3D accelerometry complement conventional fitness metrics
1) Evaluating the fitness of organisms is an essential step towards understanding their responses to environmental change. Connections between energy expenditure and fitness have been postulated for nearly a century. However, testing this premise among wild animals is constrained by difficulties in measuring energy expenditure while simultaneously monitoring conventional fitness metrics such as survival and reproductive output. 2) We addressed this issue by exploring the functional links between field metabolic rate (FMR), body condition, sex, age and reproductive performance in a wild population. 3) We deployed 3D accelerometers on 115 Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) during four breeding seasons at one of the largest colonies of this species, Cape Crozier, on Ross Island, Antarctica. The demography of this population has been studied for the past 18 years. From accelerometry recordings, collected for birds of known age and breeding history, we determined the vector of the dynamic body acceleration (VeDBA) and used it as a proxy for FMR. 4) This allowed us to demonstrate relationships between FMR, a breeding quality index (BQI), and body condition. Notably, we found a significant quadratic relationship between mean VeDBA during foraging and BQI for experienced breeders, and individuals in better body condition showed lower rates of energy expenditure. 5) We conclude that using FMR as a fitness component complementary to more conventional fitness metrics will yield greater understanding of evolutionary and conservation physiology.
Data from: Genomic diversity of a nectar yeast clusters into metabolically, but not geographically, distinct lineages
Both dispersal limitation and environmental sorting can affect genetic variation in populations, but their contribution remains unclear, particularly in microbes. We sought to determine the contribution of geographic distance (as a proxy for dispersal limitation) and phenotypic traits (as a proxy for environmental sorting), including morphology, metabolic ability, and interspecific competitiveness, to the genotypic diversity in a nectar yeast species, Metschnikowia reukaufii. To measure genotypic diversity, we sequenced the genomes of 102 strains of M. reukaufii isolated from the floral nectar of hummingbird-pollinated shrub, Mimulus aurantiacus, along a 200-km coastline in California. Intraspecific genetic variation showed no detectable relationship with geographic distance, but could be grouped into three distinct lineages that correlated with metabolic ability and interspecific competitiveness. Despite ample evidence for strong competitive interactions within and among nectar yeasts, a full spectrum of the genotypic and phenotypic diversity observed across the 200-km coastline was represented even at a scale as small as 200 m. Furthermore, more competitive strains were not necessarily more abundant. These results suggest that dispersal limitation and environmental sorting might not fully explain intraspecific diversity in this microbe and highlight the need to also consider other ecological factors such as trade-offs, source-sink dynamics, and niche modification.
Data from: Long-lived metabolic enzymes in the crystalline lens identified by pulse-labeling of mice and mass spectrometry
<p>The lenticular fiber cells are comprised of extremely long-lived proteins while still maintaining an active biochemical state. Dysregulation of these activities has been implicated in age-related cataracts, and other lens diseases. However, the lenticular protein dynamics underlying health and disease is unclear. We sought to measure the global protein turnover rates in the eye using dietary nitrogen-15 (15N)-labeling of mice between 3 and 15 weeks of age. By performing mass spectrometry we measured the 14N- to 15N-peptide ratios of 248 lens proteins, including Crystallin, Aquaporin, Collagen and Laminin of the lens capsule, and enzymes that catalyze glycolysis as well as oxidation and reduction reactions. Unexpectedly, like the crystallin proteins, many of these enzymes are also exceedingly long-lived. The slow replacement of these enzymes in spite of young age of the mice suggests their potential roles in age-related metabolic changes in the lens.</p>
Morphologic and metabolic data of Philaenus spumarius froghoppers
<p>The xylem sap of vascular plants is an unlikely source of nutrition, being both nutrient poor and held under tensions (negative pressures) that can exceed 1 MPa. But some insects feed on xylem sap exclusively, extracting copious quantities using a muscular cibarial pump. However, neither the strength of the insect's suction, nor the direct energetic cost of xylem ingestion, have ever been quantified. <i>Philaenus spumarius</i> froghoppers were used to address these gaps in our knowledge. Micro-CT scans of its cibarium and measurements of cibarial muscle sarcomere length revealed that <i>P. spumarius</i> can generate a maximum tension of 1.3 ± 0.2 MPa within its cibarium. The energetic cost of xylem extraction was quantified using respirometry to measure the metabolic rate (MR) of <i>P. spumarius</i> while they fed on hydroponically-grown legumes, while xylem sap excretion rate and cibarial pumping frequency were simultaneously recorded. Increasing the plants' xylem tensions up to 1.1 MPa by exposing their roots to polyethylene glycol did not reduce the insects' rate of xylem excretion, but significantly increased both MR and pumping frequency. We conclude that <i>P. spumarius</i> can gain energy feeding on xylem sap containing previously reported energy densities and at xylem tensions up to their maximum suction capacity.</p>
Supporting data: The role of sex and body weight on the metabolic effects of high fat diet in C57BL/6N mice.
<p>Authors: Camilla Ingvorsen*, Natasha A. Karp*, Christopher J. Lelliott</p> <p>* These authors contributed equally to this work</p> <p>This directory contains the raw data, R scripts and output files used to generate the figures and results presented in the manuscript "The role of sex and body weight in metabolic effects of high fat diet on C57BL/6N mice."</p>
Data from: "Lake Metabolism: Comparison of Lake Metabolic Rates Estimated from a Diel CO2- and the Common Diel O2-Technique" in PlosOne
<p>The data file is a matlab file (MATLAB 8.2) that contains structures providing the data used in the analysis of lake metabolism in Lake Illmensee, Germany.</p> <p>Data set comprises of:</p> <p>1. Original time series on CO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub> and Temperature</p> <p>2. Morphometric data on Lake Illmensee</p> <p>3. Time series of derived data:</p> <p>a) atmospheric fluxes of CO2 and O2</p> <p>b) vertical turbulent diffusivities</p> <p>c) mixing depth</p> <p>d) metabolic rates</p> <p>All structures provide detailed information on the data. The equations and models used can be found in the paper: Lake Metabolism: Comparison of lake Metabolic Rates Estimated from a Diel CO<sub>2</sub>- and the Common Diel-O<sub>2</sub> technique in a manuscript submitted to PlosOne in 2016.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Metabolic impacts of climate change on marine fish communities and fisheries - Dataset and figure plot script
<p>Here we provide the MATLAB functions, model forcing data (net primary production and temperature), and model output required to generate the figures and perform calculations from the manuscript "Metabolic impacts of climate change on marine fish communities and fisheries", which is currently in submission as a research article. The figures plot script (plot_figures_climate_fish_deconstruction.m) is written in MATLAB version R2012a.</p>
Oscillatory dynamics of mRNA metabolism and chromatin accessibility in mESCs during the cell cycle
<p>Processed single-cell RNAseq and multiome sequencing--single-nucleus RNAseq and ATACseq for mESCs</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Filename</strong></td> <td><strong>Description</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>scrna_deepdycle.h5ad</td> <td>single-cell RNAseq data, has information about unsplcied and spliced levels and the inferred cell cycle phase</td> </tr> <tr> <td>snrna_deepdycle_rep1.h5ad</td> <td>single-nulceus RNAseq data (replicate 1), has information about unsplcied and spliced levels and the inferred cell cycle phase</td> </tr> <tr> <td>snrna_deepdycle_rep2.h5ad</td> <td>single-nulceus RNAseq data (replicate 2), has information about unsplcied and spliced levels and the inferred cell cycle phase</td> </tr> <tr> <td>body_coverage_lif1.tsv.gz</td> <td>single nucleus ATACseq data (replicate 1), counts table of ATACseq peaks mapped to the genes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>body_coverage_lif2.tsv.gz</td> <td>single nucleus ATACseq data (replicate 2), counts table of ATACseq peaks mapped to the genes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>model_predictions.zip</td> <td>gene-wise predictions for gene expression--unspliced and spliced, and mRNA metabolism rates--synthesis, splicing, export, and degradation rates for single-cell and single-nucleus data</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Multi-omics reveals the attenuation of metabolic cardiomyopathy in mice by extracts from Clausena0 lansium (Lour.) by transiting gastrointestinal microbiota to an alternative homeostasis
<p>The raw data for MS "<strong>Multi-omics reveals the attenuation of metabolic cardiomyopathy in mice by extracts from </strong><i><strong>Clausena0 lansium</strong></i><strong> (Lour.) by transiting gastrointestinal microbiota to an alternative homeostasis".</strong></p>
Germline proliferation trades off with lipid metabolism in Drosophila
<p>Little is known about the metabolic basis of life-history trade-offs but lipid stores seem to play a pivotal role. During reproduction, an energetically highly costly process, animals mobilize fat reserves. Conversely, reduced or curtailed reproduction promotes lipid storage in many animals. Systemic signals from the gonad seem to be involved: <em>C. elegans</em> lacking germline stem cells display endocrine changes, have increased fat stores and are long-lived. Similarly, germline-ablated <em>D. melanogaster </em>exhibit major somatic physiological changes, but whether and how germline loss affects lipid metabolism remains largely unclear. Here we show that germline-ablated flies have profoundly altered energy metabolism at the transcriptional level and store excess fat as compared to fertile flies. Germline activity thus constrains or represses fat accumulation, and this effect is conserved between flies and worms. More broadly, our findings confirm that lipids represent a major energetic currency in which costs of reproduction are paid.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.