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Figure 10 in The Pristimantis trachyblepharis species group, a clade of miniaturized frogs: description of four new species and insights into the evolution of body size in the genus

Figure 10. Photographs in live of the holotype of Pristimantis pramukae (QCAZ 68549; adult female, SVL 20.15 mm). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, frontal view; D, ventral view.

Figure 3 in The Pristimantis trachyblepharis species group, a clade of miniaturized frogs: description of four new species and insights into the evolution of body size in the genus

Figure 3. Distribution of Pristimantis trachyblepharis species group. Locality information for examined specimens is shown in Supporting Information, Table S2. UCS: Unconfirmed Candidate Species. Elevations are indicated in metres above sea level.

Figure 20 in The Pristimantis trachyblepharis species group, a clade of miniaturized frogs: description of four new species and insights into the evolution of body size in the genus

Figure 20. Photographs of the holotype of Pristimantis ventristellatus (QCAZ 69240; adult male, SVL 15.67 mm) in life. A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, frontal view; D, ventral view.

Figure 2 in The Pristimantis trachyblepharis species group, a clade of miniaturized frogs: description of four new species and insights into the evolution of body size in the genus

Figure 2. Bar plot based on Anselin Local Moran's I index. Bars in red indicate P-values less than 0.05, that is, significant local association. SVL is given in mm. Species with names in green are considered as miniaturized.

Figure 6 in The Pristimantis trachyblepharis species group, a clade of miniaturized frogs: description of four new species and insights into the evolution of body size in the genus

Figure 6. Photographs of the holotype of Pristimantis nanus (QCAZ 72596; adult female, SVL 14.82 mm) in preservative. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, ventral view of the left hand; D, ventral view of the right foot.

Figure 9 in The Pristimantis trachyblepharis species group, a clade of miniaturized frogs: description of four new species and insights into the evolution of body size in the genus

Figure 9. Colour variation in preserved individuals of Pristimantis nanus: 1, dorsal views; 2, ventral views. A, QCAZ 68618 (adult female, SVL 14.08 mm); B, QCAZ 68616 (adult male, SVL 11.04 mm); C, QCAZ 68569 (adult male, SVL 12.46 mm); D, QCAZ 72595 (adult male, SVL 11.78 mm); E, QCAZ 72616 (adult male, SVL 11.13 mm).

Figure 8 in The Pristimantis trachyblepharis species group, a clade of miniaturized frogs: description of four new species and insights into the evolution of body size in the genus

Figure 8. Colour variation in life individuals of Pristimantis nanus in ventral view. A, QCAZ 68569 (adult male, SVL 12.46 mm); B, QCAZ 68616 (adult male, SVL 11.04 mm); C, QCAZ 68618 (adult female, SVL 14.08 mm); D, QCAZ 72616 (adult male, SVL 11.13 mm); E, QCAZ 72595 (adult male, SVL 11.78 mm).

Figure 7 in The Pristimantis trachyblepharis species group, a clade of miniaturized frogs: description of four new species and insights into the evolution of body size in the genus

Figure 7. Colour variation in life individuals of Pristimantis nanus in dorsolateral view. A, QCAZ 68569 (adult male, SVL 12.46 mm); B, QCAZ 68616 (adult male, SVL 11.04 mm); C, QCAZ 68618 (adult female, SVL 14.08 mm); D, QCAZ 72595 (adult male, SVL 11.78 mm); E, QCAZ 72616 (adult male, SVL 11.13 mm).

Figure 1 in The Pristimantis trachyblepharis species group, a clade of miniaturized frogs: description of four new species and insights into the evolution of body size in the genus

Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships and species delimited within the Pristimantis trachyblepharis species group. Asterisks to the left of the node indicate values equal to or greater than 0.95 for both Bayesian posterior probabilities and ultrafast bootstrap (UFBoot). Vertical bars indicate species limits inferred using genetic (bPTP and ABGD) and morphologic criteria. Vouchers and localities are shown next to each terminal. All individuals from Ecuador. UCS = Unconfirmed Candidate Species; M.S. = Morona Santiago; Z.C. = Zamora Chinchipe; T. = Tungurahua; P. = Pastaza; N.P. = National Park; C.M. = mining concession.

Figure 5 in The Pristimantis trachyblepharis species group, a clade of miniaturized frogs: description of four new species and insights into the evolution of body size in the genus

Figure 5. Photographs of the holotype of Pristimantis nanus sp. nov. (QCAZ 72596; adult female, SVL 14.82 mm) in life. A, dorsolateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view.

Figure 15 in The Pristimantis trachyblepharis species group, a clade of miniaturized frogs: description of four new species and insights into the evolution of body size in the genus

Figure 15. Photographs in live of the holotype of Pristimantis ujucami (QCAZ 49030; adult female, SVL 21.16 mm). A, dorsolateral view; B, ventral view; C, dorsolateral and inguinal region view.

Figure 13 in The Pristimantis trachyblepharis species group, a clade of miniaturized frogs: description of four new species and insights into the evolution of body size in the genus

Figure 13. Colour variation in life individuals of Pristimantis pramukae in ventral view. A, QCAZ 72591 (adult female, SVL 19.91 mm); B, QCAZ 72608 (adult female, SVL 18.47 mm); C, QCAZ 72588 (juvenile, SVL 9.59 mm); D, QCAZ 68591 (subadult male, SVL 13.18 mm); E, QCAZ 72617 (subadult male, SVL 13.14 mm); F, QCAZ 68547 (adult male, SVL 14.78 mm).

Figure 4 in The Pristimantis trachyblepharis species group, a clade of miniaturized frogs: description of four new species and insights into the evolution of body size in the genus

Figure 4. Land coverage in the Ecuadorian localities where individuals of the eight described species of the Pristimantis trachyblepharis species group were found. Land coverage shapefile was downloaded from Ministerio del Ambiente y Agua of Ecuador, at http://ide.ambiente.gob.ec/mapainteractivo. Locality information for examined specimens is shown in Supporting Information, Table S2.

Figure 11 in The Pristimantis trachyblepharis species group, a clade of miniaturized frogs: description of four new species and insights into the evolution of body size in the genus

Figure 11. Photographs of the holotype of Pristimantis pramukae (QCAZ 68549; adult female, SVL 19.83 mm) in preservative. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, ventral view of the right hand; D, ventral view of the left foot.

Figure 18 in The Pristimantis trachyblepharis species group, a clade of miniaturized frogs: description of four new species and insights into the evolution of body size in the genus

Figure 18. Colour variation in life individuals of Pristimantis ujucami in ventral view. A, QCAZ 49031 (subadult female, SVL 16.19 mm); B, QCAZ 57002 (adult male, SVL 14.39 mm); C, QCAZ 57010 (subadult female, 18.95 mm); D, QCAZ 57003 (adult male, SVL 15.47 mm); E, QCAZ 57004 (subadult female, SVL 18.91 mm); F, QCAZ 57646 (adult male, SVL 14.2 mm); G, QCAZ 60212 (adult female, SVL 22.33 mm); H, QCAZ 58865 (adult female, SVL 20.62 mm); I, QCAZ 60214 (adult female, SVL 23.76 mm); J, QCAZ 60194 (adult female, SVL 22.43 mm); K, QCAZ 60196 (adult female, SVL 20.45 mm); L, QCAZ 58874 (subadult female, SVL 16.74 mm).

FIGURE 5 in Dario tigris and Dario melanogrammus, two new species of miniature chameleon fishes from northern Myanmar (Teleostei: Badidae)

FIGURE 5. Comparison of melanophore pattern in bars of Dario tigris, BMNH 2019.10.16.100, holotype, male, 16.7 mm SL, and D. melanogrammus, BMNH 2019.10.16.2, male, 20.4 mm SL. Note light, almost melanophore-free area at base of scales in D. melanogrammus resulting in zigzag pattern.

FIGURE 4. Dario melanogrammus, BMNH 2019.10.16.3-16 in Dario tigris and Dario melanogrammus, two new species of miniature chameleon fishes from northern Myanmar (Teleostei: Badidae)

FIGURE 4. Dario melanogrammus, BMNH 2019.10.16.3-16, paratype, male (A) and female (B), showing live colouration; Myanmar, Chindwin State, Tarwa Chaung near Homalin.

FIGURE 3. Dario melanogrammus, BMNH 2019.10.16.2 in Dario tigris and Dario melanogrammus, two new species of miniature chameleon fishes from northern Myanmar (Teleostei: Badidae)

FIGURE 3. Dario melanogrammus, BMNH 2019.10.16.2, holotype, male, 20.4 mm SL and BMNH 2019.10.16.3-16, paratype, female, 19.2 mm SL; Myanmar, Chindwin State, Tarwa Chaung near Homalin.

FIGURE 2 in Dario tigris and Dario melanogrammus, two new species of miniature chameleon fishes from northern Myanmar (Teleostei: Badidae)

FIGURE 2. Dario tigris, not preserved, (A) displaying male in courtship colouration and (B) female in neutral colouration. Images provided by Heng Wah Choy (A) and Frank Schäfer (B).

FIGURE 8 in Dario tigris and Dario melanogrammus, two new species of miniature chameleon fishes from northern Myanmar (Teleostei: Badidae)

FIGURE 8. Phylogram of northern species of Dario based on a maximum likelihood analysis of the barcoding portion of the COI gene. Note large genetic divergence between species ranging from 14-19%, see Table 5. Image credits: Dario dario, D. dayingensis, Zhou Hang; D. tigris, Heng Wah Choy; D. kajal, A. Werth; D. hysginon, T. Luckenbach.