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1,018 results for “paste”
Three-dimensional dataset of hydrating cement paste (CEM I Ladce, 391 m^2/kg Blaine, w/c=0.50) in TIFF format
<p>A detailed description of this dataset can be found in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.108903">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.108903</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.108903">.</a></p> <p>This dataset contains a collection of digitized three-dimensional hardened cement paste microstructures obtained from X-ray micro-computed tomography, screened after approx. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, and 28 days of elapsed hydration at 20˚C in saturated conditions. Each paste specimen had a cylindrical shape (with a diameter of ~1 mm) and was screened at a designated time (as specified in the file name, e.g. “t23hrs”=23 hours of elapsed hydration) and finally saved as an uncompressed and unprocessed *.tif greyscale image data file in 16-bit image depth (as unsigned integers) using a little-endian byte sequence.</p> <p>The dataset contains two sets of images:</p> <p>- “full-sized” digital images stored in a three-dimensional voxel-based matrix with a fixed size of 1100x1100x1100 voxels, denoted as “CEM_I_Ladce_*” in the file name; each file size amounts to ~2.5 GB and contains the whole screened specimen with a variable voxel size in the range 1.0913 − 1.1174 µm depending on the particular specimen (as specified in the file name, e.g. “1d1174um”=1.1174 µm/voxel)</p> <p>- smaller image subvolumes, denoted as Region Of Interest (ROI), extracted from the interior of the full-sized specimen from an arbitrary location, and denoted as “filteredROI_*” in the file name; this cropped ROI has a cubic shape and stores a three-dimensional voxel-based matrix with a fixed size of 500x500x500 µm<sup>3</sup> constituted by a variable voxel count (given the fluctuating voxel size for each specimen, see above). Both the exact voxel count (i.e. three-dimensional matrix dimensions) and voxel size are further specified in each file name. A sequence of imaging filters was sequentially applied to this ROI to further enhance the contrast among the different microstructural phases, see <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104798">10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104798</a> for details.</p> <p>Note that the same dataset stored in *raw format is available from <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7193798">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7193798</a></p>
Major and trace element composition of IODP Site U1429 and Yellow River sediments and simulated rainfall changes in East-Southeast Asia during past 300 ka
<p>This dataset includes major and trace element composition of IODP Site U1429 and Yellow River surface sediments. They are all analyzed based on the clay-sized fractions. It also includes the data of simulated rainfall changes in the northern and southern China, as well as in Southeast Asia during past 300 ka.</p>
Areography, environmental heterogeneity and spatial models explain patterns of past and present diversity in Edraianthus (Campanulaceae)
<p>Our study aims to shed light on distribution patterns and the relationship between species diversity and environmental heterogeneity of 17 <em>Edraianthus</em> taxa. We examined present-day and past distribution (Last Glacial Maximum) by applying ecological niche modelling. The environmental space occupied by the taxa was analysed using niche comparison methods. The results support the idea that the central and southern Dinaric Alps represent a centre of diversity and endemism in the western Balkan Peninsula. <em>Edraianthus</em> diversity is best explained by topographic (slope) and bioclimatic predictors (maximum temperature of warmest month, precipitation seasonality, precipitation of warmest quarter, precipitation of coldest quarter), suggesting that mountain areas with the most diversified relief have higher diversity. Niche modelling results suggest considerable range dynamics during the climatically unstable Quaternary. Thermophitic and lowland taxa responded with longitudinal shifts to ecologically suitable areas farther south, while high mountain taxa responded mainly with elevational shifts. The greatest niche similarity is found among phylogenetically closely related taxa and among ecologically similar and often sympatric taxa. The least similarity was observed in species with marked differences in habitat elevation and in more geographically isolated species. Our results suggest that the extent of range and niche overlap varied among some taxa throughout their evolutionary history, which may have led to diversification at both allopatric and sympatric levels. The correlation between the genetic diversity of the most widespread taxon and the richness of taxa could be a consequence of past and present contacts. On the other hand, alternate periods of isolation may have favoured the emergence of taxa that are reproductively isolated and ecologically specialised.</p>
Past and future weather extremes across Europe
<pre><strong>Past and future weather extremes across Europe </strong> This repository contains the annual exceedance index data for past and future weather extremes across Europe on NUTS1 scale. The code and an accompanying paper analyzing the impact of this weather extremes on the European agricultural sector on subnational scale will be published during 2023. We use a percentile-based approach to assess the annual exceedance index of the four weather extremes heat waves, cold waves, fire-risk and droughts for the past (1981–2020) and future (2006–2100) [<em><strong>Zhang</strong></em> et al., 2005]. For the past, we used daily weather records on a grid level (around 11 km at the equator) from the <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-land?tab=overview">ERA5-Land</a> reanalysis dataset, and for future projections, we use modelled daily weather records from <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/projections-cordex-domains-single-levels?tab=overview">EURO-CORDEX</a> [<em><strong>Christensen</strong></em> et al., 2020, <em><strong>Muñoz</strong></em>, 2019]. For past and future fire-risk we use precalculated fire weathernindex data from <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cems-fire-historical?tab=overview">ERA5</a> and <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/sis-tourism-fire-danger-indicators?tab=overview">EURO-CORDEX</a>, respectively [<em><strong>Giannakopoulos</strong></em> et al., 2020]. We used the model average of the following driving GCMs and RCMs for future projections: ICHECs Earth System Model (EC-Earth), MPI-Ms Earth System Model (MPI-ESM-LR), SMHIs Regional Climate Model (RCA4). The baseline period for the historical scenario is 1981–2010, and for future projections 1981–2005. Daily thresholds for heat waves, cold waves, and flash droughts are estimated from the 90th percentile of the daily minimum and maximum temperature, 10th percentile of the daily minimum and maximum temperature, and 30th percentile of the soil volumetric water content (0–28cm), respectively [**Sutanto** et al., 2020]. We use a five days centre data window for all three extreme events to estimate the thresholds from the previously listed baseline periods. The annual exceedance index for heat waves is calculated as the sum of days, at least for three consecutive days; the daily temperature values exceed the thresholds for June, July, and August. For cold waves, the annual exceedance index is the sum of days, at least for three consecutive days; the daily temperature values are below the thresholds for January, February, October, November, and December. In-base, exceedance is calculated using bootstrapping (1000x repetitions) for both extreme events. Heat and cold wave exceedance indices are rescaled to NUTS1 regions using a maximum resampling. We use sequent peak analysis to detect annual flash droughts, remove minor droughts, and pool interdependent droughts for the season from June to October [**Biggs** et al., 2004]. The annual exceedance index of droughts is rescaled to NUTS1 regions by using a mean resampling. Parameters for fire-risk are listed in the table below while. </pre> <table> <caption>Parameters of the analysis of the percentile-based extreme.</caption> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Type</th> <th scope="col">Variable</th> <th scope="col">Percentile</th> <th scope="col">Window</th> <th scope="col">Min duration</th> <th scope="col">Rescaling</th> <th scope="col">Months</th> <th scope="col">Bootstrapping</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Heat wave</td> <td>tmin and tmax</td> <td>90</td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>max</td> <td>6, 7, 8</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Cold wave</td> <td>tmin and tmax</td> <td>10</td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>max</td> <td>1, 2, 10, 11, 12</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Flash drought</td> <td>swvl 0-28cm</td> <td>30</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>mean</td> <td>6, 7, 8, 9, 10</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Fire risk</td> <td>FWI</td> <td>90</td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>mean</td> <td>3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <pre>Xuebin <em><strong>Zhang</strong></em>, Gabriele Hegerl, Francis W. Zwiers, and Jesse Kenyon. Avoiding inhomogeneity in percentile-based indices of temperature extremes. Journal of Climate, 18 (11):1641–1651, 2005. ISSN 08948755. doi: 10.1175/JCLI3366.1. Samuel Jonson <em><strong>Sutanto</strong></em>, Claudia Vitolo, Claudia Di Napoli, Mirko D’Andrea, and Henny A.J. Van Lanen. Heatwaves, droughts, and fires: Exploring compound and cascading dry hazards at the pan-European scale. Environment International, 134 (March 2019):105276, jan 2020. ISSN 01604120. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105276. J. Sabater <em><strong>Muñoz</strong></em>. ERA5-Land hourly data from 1981 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), 2019. O. B. <em><strong>Christensen</strong></em>, W. J. Gutowski, G. Nikulin, and S. Legutke. CORDEX Archive Design, 2020. URL https://is-enes-data.github.io/cordex_archive_specifications.pdf Barry J. F. <em><strong>Biggs</strong></em>, Bente Clausen, Siegfried Demuth, Miriam Fendeková, Lars Gottschalk, Alan Gustard, Hege Hisdal, Matthew G. R. Holmes, Ian G. Jowett, Ladislav Kašpárek, Artur Kasprzyk, Elzbieta Kupczyk, Henny A.J. Van Lanen, Henrik Madsen, Terry J. Marsh, Bjarne Moeslund, Oldřich Novický, Elisabeth Peters, Wojciech Pokojski, Erik P. Querner, Gwyn Rees, Lars Roald, Kerstin Stahl, Lena M. Tallaksen, and Andrew R. Young. Hydrological Drought: Processes and Estimation Methods for Stream- flow and Groundwater. Elsevier, 1 edition, 2004. ISBN 0444517677. <em><strong>Giannakopoulos</strong></em>, C., Karali, A., Cauchy, A. (2020): Fire danger indicators for Europe from 1970 to 2098 derived from climate projections, version 1.0, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), DOI: 10.24381/cds.ca755de7 <strong>Funding</strong> Tobias Seydewitz acknowledges funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research for the [BIOCLIMAPATHS](https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/output/projects/all/647) project (grant agreement No 01LS1906A) under the Axis-ERANET call. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or manuscript preparation. </pre>
DOCUMENTED HUMAN OSTEOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS AS BIOBANKS: RELEVANCE FOR RARE DISEASES IDENTIFICATION IN THE PAST
<p><em><strong>Presented at: 23rd Paleopathology Association European Meeting, Vilnius, Lituânia, 25-29 Agosto. Paleopathology Association European (Vilnius, Lituânia)</strong></em></p> <p>Disease identification in paleopathology relies on the exercise of differential diagnosis, and interpretation. Only a few diseases leave macroscopic pathognomonic traits in bone, and even in cases where microscopic, biochemical and biomolecular analyses are used, diagnosis is invariably inconclusive. Additionally, bone response to a variety of etiologies tends to be homogenous, with mosaic pattern(s) of bone formation and destruction. Therefore, access to pathological cases from human remains of Documented Human Osteological Collections (DHOC) is an exceptional approach. The access to biographical data of the individuals incorporated into the DHOC includes the cause of death, ancestry, sex, age, clinical data and other information akin to clinical data allowing for the possibility of hypothesis-driven research in which bones changes correlate with causes of death - hence providing tested and informed differential diagnosis. In this sense, DHOC may be viewed as a biobank equivalent, i.e. biorepository that stores biological samples for research in the identification of bone changes related to diseases associated with clinical and personal data. This paper will explore known cases of diseases’ diagnoses, such as lepra, neoplasias, tuberculosis, syphilis, and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis that have used DHOC as diagnostic testing grounds, to explore bone changes and methodological advancements. The paper also introduces the idea of DHOC as biobanks dedicated to the study of rare diseases, as rarely reposted diseases, in paleopathology. </p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Health, biorepository, biobanks, DHOC, differential diagnosis</p>
The effect of past defaunation on ranges, niches, and future biodiversity forecasts
<p><span>Humans have reshaped the distribution of biodiversity across the globe, extirpating species from regions otherwise suitable and restricting populations to a subset of their original ranges. Here, we ask if anthropogenic range contractions since the Late Pleistocene led to an under‐representation of the realized niches for megafauna, an emblematic group of taxa often targeted for restoration actions. Using reconstructions of past geographic distributions (i.e., </span><em>natural ranges</em><span>) for 146 extant terrestrial large‐bodied (>44</span><span class="nonbreakingspace"> </span><span>kg) mammals, we estimate their climatic niches as if they had retained their original distributions and evaluate their observed niche dynamics. We found that range contractions led to a sizeable under‐representation of their realized niches (i.e., </span><em>niche unfilling</em><span>). For 29</span><span class="nonbreakingspace"> </span><span>species, more than 10% of the environmental space once seen in their natural ranges has been lost due to anthropogenic activity, with at least 12</span><span class="nonbreakingspace"> </span><span>species undergoing reductions of more than 50% of their realized niches. Eighteen species mainly now be confined to low‐suitability locations, where fitness and abundance are likely diminished; we consider these taxa </span><em>climatic refugees</em><span>. For those species, conservation strategies supported by current ranges risk being misguided if current, suboptimal habitats are considered baseline for future restoration actions. Because most climate‐based biodiversity forecasts rely exclusively on current occurrence records, we went on to test the effect of neglecting historical information on estimates of species' potential distribution – as a proxy of sensitivity to climate change. We found that niche unfilling driven by past range contraction leads to an overestimation of sensitivity to future climatic change, resulting in 50% higher rates of global extinction, and underestimating the potential for megafauna conservation and restoration under future climate change. In conclusion, range contractions since the Late Pleistocene have also left imprints on megafauna realized climatic niches. Therefore, niche truncation driven by defaunation can directly affect climate and habitat‐based conservation strategies.</span></p>
Runs of homozygosity reveal past bottlenecks and contemporary inbreeding across diverging populations of an island-colonizing bird
<p>Genomes retain evidence of the demographic history and evolutionary forces that have shaped populations. Across island systems, contemporary patterns of genetic diversity reflect complex population demography, including colonisation events, bottlenecks, gene flow and genetic drift. Here, we investigate whether island founder events have prolonged effects on genome-wide diversity and runs of homozygosity (ROH) distributions, using whole genome resequencing from six populations across three archipelagos of Berthelot's pipit (<em>Anthus</em> <em>berthelotii</em>) – a passerine which has undergone island speciation relatively recently. Pairwise sequential Markovian coalescent (PSMC) analyses estimated divergence from its sister species approximately two million years ago. Results indicate that all Berthelot's pipit populations had shared ancestry until approximately 50,000 years ago, when the Madeiran archipelago populations were founded, while the Selvagens were colonised within the last 8,000 years. We identify extensive long ROH (>1 Mb) in genomes in the most recently colonised populations of Madeira and Selvagens which have experienced sequential island founder events and population crashes. Population expansion within the last 100 years may have eroded long ROH in the Madeiran archipelago, resulting in a prevalence of short ROH (<1 Mb). Extensive long and short ROH in the Selvagens reflects strong recent inbreeding, small contemporary effective population size and past bottleneck effects, with as much as 37.7% of the autosomes comprised of ROH >250 kb in length. These findings highlight the importance of demographic history, as well as selection and genetic drift, in shaping contemporary patterns of genomic diversity across diverging populations. </p>
Automatically Answering Developer Questions on Discord with Similar Conversations from the Past
<p>Replication Package for "Automatically Answering Developer Questions on Discord with Similar Conversations from the Past"</p>
Dataset describing presence or absence of stone tool making techniques in assemblages spanning the past 3 million years
<p>This repository contains a data-set describing the presence or absence of stone tool making techniques reported in the literature across archaeological assemblages, as well as among extant primates, and among the technologies produced in controlled flintknapping experiments. These data were incorporated into Jonathan Paige's dissertation focused on comparative studies of stone tool traditions published in 2022, though that version of the dataset had fewer entries. </p> <p>This dataset is available for development on github: https://github.com/jnpaige/Procedural.unit.dataset. Version 1.0.0 of that repository is what we have deposited here on Zenodo.</p> <p>The codebook used to generate the dataset is hosted on github here: https://github.com/jnpaige/Procedural.unit.codebookVersion 1.0.0 of that codebook was used in the coding process. </p> <p>The repository is stored here as a .tar.gz file, which is both compressed (gz) and packaged like a zip file (.tar). To open it, you need to first extract the files using something like 7zip, then open the archive also using something like 7zip. I might update this to be more user friendly in the future...</p> <p>Data collection for this study was funded through generous support from the Leakey Foundation, GPSA at Arizona State University, and the School of Human Evolution and Social Change, at Arizona State University.</p>
Sonification of the atmospheric carbon record over the past 800,000 years
<p><span>This piece is part of a collection of sound compositions called <em>Timescales</em>, which sonifies datasets spanning different time scales of the atmospheric carbon record. Glaciations is a musical sonification of atmospheric carbon dioxide inferred from ice cores, from 800,000 years ago to the present. This scale encompasses the small shifts in earth's orbit which drove the rise and fall of eight successive ice ages and alternating warm periods. The intention behind the compositional choices in this composition is to evoke a sense of vastness and wonder, and to create a sonic landscape of planetary motion and deep time.</span></p>
The past, present, and future of ecogeographic isolation between closely related Aquilegia plants
<p>Quantifying the strength of the ecogeographic barrier is an important aspect of studies of plant speciation and a practical step to understanding the evolutionary trajectory of plants under climate change. Here, we quantified the extent of ecogeographical isolation of four closely related Aquilegia species, which radiated in the Mountains of SW China and adjacent regions and often lacked intrinsic barriers. We predicted past, present and future species potential distributions using environmental niche models, then compared them to determine the degree of overlap and ecogeographic isolation. Investigated ecogeographical isolation between species pairs, we found significant ecological differentiation in all studied species pairs except A. kansuensis and A. ecalacarata. The current strengths of ecogeographic isolation are above 0.5 in most cases. Compared with current climates, most species had an expanding range in the Last Glacial Maximum, the Mid Holocene and under four future climate scenarios. Our results suggested that ecogeographic isolation contributes to the diversification and maintenance of Aquilegia species in the Mountains of northern and SW China and would act as an essential reproductive barrier in the future.</p>
SUPPLIMANTRY [Vacuum Ohmic Heating: A Promising Technology for the Improvement of Tomato Paste Processing, Safety, Quality and Storage Stability]
<p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Ohmic heating (OH) is an electrothermal technology used to inactivate enzyme and microbial activities. This work aimed to study the impact of Ohmic Heating Under Vacuum (OHUV) which compared to conventional heating (CH) as well as storage stability at 5°C and 25 °C on microbial safety, and nutritional quality. The evaluation parameters were pH, titratable acidity, TSS, lycopene, ascorbic acid, PME, HMF, and microbiological activity. The obtained results showed that tomato paste samples that were treated by OHUV are significantly superior to CH in terms of all physicochemical and microbiological characteristics, as well as being the least harmful during storage in both transparent and dark packages. The results showed the changes in ascorbic acid, lycopene, and HMF values that were treated by OHUV at 25 °C and filled in transparent package are most affected compared to other treated samples. On the other hand, tomato paste samples stored in dark packages at 5 °C performed significantly better than those subjected to CH under the same conditions and activated PME the most had higher ascorbic acid and lycopene and fewer changes in HMF during storage time for 90 days. OHUV found to be a good alternative treatment in the production of tomato paste.</p>
Mapping past land cover on Poitiers in 1993 at Very High Resolution using GEOBIA approach and open data
<p>This dataset contains a land cover map of Poitiers in 1993 over an area of 225km².</p> <p>The land cover map was achieved using aerial images of the French National Geographic Institute (IGN) and Landsat-5 TM images combined with remote sensing methods. Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) and Random Forest classifications produced a reliable land cover map at a 1m of spatial resolution.</p> <p>Orthophotos produced as well as training and validating polygons to achieve the classifications were added into this dataset.</p> <p>As land cover changes is crucial to land management, this map will help to understand changes from 1993 to now for urban, agricultural issues but also their impact on ecological processes. Data will be easily used in GIS applications for any users.</p> <p>This work is part of the thesis of Elie Morin which was funded by la région Nouvelle-Aquitaine and Grand Poitiers Communauté urbaine, among others.</p>
Data from: Past population control biases interpretations of contemporary genetic data: implications for future invasive Sitka black-tailed deer management in Haida Gwaii
<p>Invasive species management practices often include genetic analyses to better inform decision-making and resource allocation. Yet, past management actions may artificially bias recovered patterns of genetic variation; for example, a population bottleneck caused by contemporary culling may mirror some patterns associated with historical isolation. Here, we aimed to disentangle the impacts of past management activities from natural processes for Sitka black-tailed deer (<em>Odocoileus</em> <em>hemionus</em> <em>sitkensis</em>), an invasive species that has been repeatedly culled on two islands, SGang Gwaay and Reef, within the Haida Gwaii archipelago (Canada). We applied a recently developed Genotyping-in-Thousands by sequencing panel to contemporary (e.g., blood, serum, tissue, muscle, feces) and archived deer samples, the latter collected prior to management activity within the system (c. 1997–1998), which allowed us to contextualize conflicting patterns of isolation and connectivity previously observed on SGang Gwaay and Reef. Successful genotyping (92.6%) and population genetic analysis of 292 individuals at 236 SNPs revealed signals of historical isolation on SGang Gwaay and Reef, provided evidence of a founder effect during initial colonization, and indicated an absence of ongoing gene flow. Furthermore, our spatiotemporal analyses consistently supported a priori predictions associated with bottlenecks within post-cull populations, such as within-island loss of genetic variation, elevated within-island kinship, and increased levels of among-island genetic differentiation. These findings are promising for future management of deer on SGang Gwaay and Reef, suggesting that eradications on these islands may be durable. More broadly, our work highlights the importance of understanding management history before interpreting contemporary population genetic data.</p>
Temporal matches between monarch butterfly and milkweed population changes over the past 25,000 years
<p>In intimate ecological interactions, the interdependency of species may result in correlated demographic histories. For species of conservation concern, understanding the long-term dynamics of such interactions may shed light on the drivers of population decline. Here we address the demographic history of the monarch butterfly, <em>Danaus</em> <em>plexippus</em>, and its dominant host plant, the common milkweed, <em>Asclepias</em> <em>syriaca</em>, using broad-scale sampling and genomic inference. Because genetic resources for milkweed have lagged behind those for monarchs, we first release a chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation for common milkweed. Next, we show that despite its enormous geographic range across eastern North America, <em>A. syriaca</em> is best characterized as a single, roughly panmictic population. Using Approximate Bayesian Computation via Random Forests (ABC-RF), a machine learning method for reconstructing demographic histories, we show that both monarchs and milkweed experienced population expansion during the most recent recession of North American glaciers 10,000–20,000 years ago. Our data also identify concurrent population expansions in both species during the large-scale clearing of eastern forests (~200 years ago). Finally, we find no evidence that either species experienced a reduction in effective population size over the past 75 years. Thus, the well-documented decline of monarch abundance over the past 40 years is not visible in our genomic dataset, reflecting a possible mismatch of the overwintering census population to effective population size in this species.</p>
White-tailed deer responses to predator cues depend upon past land use and contemporary fire regime
<p>Prey can assess immediate risk of predation by detecting cues of predator presence, and it is expected that prey should invest in costly antipredator behaviors when a cue of predator presence is detected. Features of the habitat in which the cue is detected, such as vegetative concealment, serve as indirect cues of risk and can mediate how prey respond to direct cues of predator presence. Past agricultural land use and contemporary fire regime are common disturbances that may modify prey perceptions of risk and could therefore alter prey responses to direct cues of predator presence. We examined whether the overlap of these two disturbances affected white-tailed deer (<em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>) responses to cues of predator presence by measuring deer vigilance and foraging bout duration in response to coyote (<em>Canis latrans</em>) vocalizations across 20 woodlands that varied in past land use and contemporary fire regime. Frequent fire regimes consistently increased deer visibility to predators across both land-use history contexts. Deer exhibited no behavioral response to the predator cue in habitats containing infrequent fire regimes or agricultural legacies. Deer responded to the cue in frequently burned woodlands without agricultural legacies through increased vigilance and duration spent at a foraging location. These findings reveal that land-use legacies and contemporary fire regimes can mediate how prey respond to direct cues of risk. They also suggest that prey may balance the uncertainty associated with cues of predation risk with the urgency of responding to a potential attack by being vigilant and remaining in place.</p>
Supplementary data for: "The demographic history of the wild crop relative Brachypodium distachyon is shaped by distinct past and present ecological niches"
<p>Supplementary data to https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.06.01.543285</p>
Ultrasonic Pulse Transmission Tests: Datasets - Test Series 4, Cement Paste at Early Stages
<p>The test series was created to receive information about the impact of the behaviour of the piezoelectric shear wave sensor on the measurement results of ultrasonic transmission tests performed on cement pastes at early stages. The approach for the test series was to vary the parameters water-cement-ratio and pulse-width. This results in a two-dimensional test parameter grid (water-cement-ratio versus pulse-width). Tests were performed for each grid point in order to receive information needed to optimize the pulse width for the shear wave sensors, but also a possible dependency between material behaviour and pulse-width. The materials tested were blends from ordinary Portland cement and tap water. The test methods used were ultrasonic pulse transmission method with combined compression- and shear wave measurements, gravimetric density tests (fresh paste density, solid specimen density) and hydration temperature tests. All test data and metadata are summarized into datasets using GNU Octave's open binary file format.</p>
Ultrasonic Pulse Transmission Tests: Datasets - Test Series 1, Cement Paste at Early Stages
<p>The test series was created to receive information about the material behaviour of cement pastes at early stages. The approach for this test series was to vary the parameters water-cement-ratio and distance-between-actuator-and-sensor. This results in a two-dimensional test parameter grid (water-cement-ratio versus distance-between-actuator-and-sensor). For each point of the parameter grid, tests were performed several times to check the stability of the testing method. The materials tested were blends from ordinary Portland cement and tap water. The test methods used were ultrasonic pulse transmission method with combined compression- and shear wave measurements, gravimetric density tests (fresh paste density, solid specimen density) and hydration temperature tests. All test data and metadata are summarized into datasets using GNU Octave's open binary file format.</p>
Datasets for "The direct and indirect effects of the environmental factors on global terrestrial gross primary productivity over the past four decades"
<p>The environmental changes can affect gross primary productivity (GPP) by altering not only the biogeochemical characteristics of the photosynthesis system (direct effects) but also the structure of the vegetation canopy (indirect effects). However, comprehensively quantifying the multi-pathway effects of environmental change on GPP is currently challenging. We proposed a framework to analyse the changes in global GPP by combining a nested machine-learning model and a theoretical photosynthesis model. We quantified direct and indirect effects of changes in key environmental factors (atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and soil moisture) on global GPP from 1982 to 2020. The three datasets(RF_LAI, RF_GPP, and RF_GPPlai) are derived from LAI random forest model, GPP random forest model and hierarchical nested model respectively.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.