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Fig. 9 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 9. Basal region of left pectoral fin and proximate portions of pectoral girdle of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5928, 33.9 mm SL, paratype.Ventralview. AP) articularcleithralprocess; CB) posterior complex bone of pectoral girdle (scapula, coracoid, and mesocoracoid fused); CK) coracoid keel; CL) cleithrum; DC) complex distal radial; DR1) distal radial 1; DR2a-c) pieces of distal radial 2; MA) mesocoracoid arch; PP) postcleithral process; and PR1-2) proximalradials 1 and 2. Scalebar = 0.7 mm.

Fig. 8 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 8. Pectoral girdle and fins of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5928, 33.9 mm SL, paratype. Dorsal view. AP) articular cleithral process; CB) posterior complex bone of pectoral girdle (scapula, coracoid, and mesocoracoid fused); CL) cleithrum; DR2b) main posterior piece of distal radial 2; MA) mesocoracoid arch; PP) postcleithral process; PR2) proximal radial 2; RR1) rigid part of pectoral-fin ray 1; and SR1) soft part of pectoral-fin ray 1. Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 5 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 5. Left suspensorium and opercular series of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5928, 33.9 mm SL, paratype. Lateral view. EN) entopterygoid; HFen) foramen for entrance of ramus hyoideus of hyomandibular nerve trunk; HMex) foramen for exit of hyomandibular nerve trunk; HY) hyomandibula; IF) foramen for exit of infraorbital trunk nerve; IO) interopercle; MFen) foramen for entrance of ramus mandibularis externus facialis of hyomandibular nerve trunk; MT) metapterygoid; OP) opercle; pm8-11) preoperculomandibular sensory branches 8 to 11; PO) preopercle; and QU) quadrate. Scale bar = 1.5 mm.

Fig. 2 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 2. Anterior portion of the body of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5929, 37.1 mm SL, holotype. Arrows indicate the limits of the pseudotympanum.

Fig. 12 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 12. Rhamdiopsis krugi, ca. 30.0 mm SL, adult, live specimen photographed in the nature in August, 1991, not collected; Poço Encantado cave, ca. 7 km from left margin of the rio Una, Municipality of Itaetê, State of Bahia, Brazil.

Fig. 7 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 7. Anterior vertebrae of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5928, 33.9 mm SL, paratype. Dorsal view. AB) anterior branch of transverse process 4; AP) accessory process of vertebra 7; ll1-3) lateral line sensory branches 1 to 3; NL) neural lamina (neural arches of vertebrae 3 and 4); NS4) neural spine of vertebra 4; PB) posterior branch of transverse process 4; SB) swimbladder; TP4) transverse process 4; and TP5) transverse process 5. Arrow indicates osseous bridge joining anterior and posterior branches of transverse process 4. Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 4 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 4. Cranium of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5928, 33.9 mm SL, paratype. a) dorsal view; b) ventral view. Abbreviations: AF) anterior fontanel; AN) antorbital; AP) autopalatine; AT) antorbital tubule; BL) Baudelot's ligament; BO) basioccipital; EC) ethmoidean cartilage; EP) epioccipital; ES) extrascapula; EX) exoccipital; FR) frontal; HF) hyomandibular facet; i1-6) infraorbital sensory branches 1 to 6; LE) lateral ethmoid; ME) mesethmoid; MX) maxilla; NA) nasal; OF) optic foramen (rudiment); OS) orbitosphenoid; PA) parasphenoid; PF) posterior fontanel; PM) premaxilla; PO) prootic; po1-3) postotic sensory branches 1 to 3; PT) pterotic; PS) pterosphenoid; s1-3) supraorbital sensory branches 1 to 3; s6) supraorbital sensory branch 6 (epiphyseal branch); s7) supraorbital sensory branch 7 (postorbital branch); s8) supraorbital sensory branch 8 (parietal branch); SC) supracleithrum; SP) sphenotic; ST1-4) suborbital tubules 1 to 4; SU) supraoccipital; TF) trigeminofacial foramen; VL) ventrolateral limb of supracleithrum; VM) ventromedial limb of supracleithrum; and VO) vomer. Scale bars = 1.5 mm.

Fig. 6 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 6. Gill arches of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5928, 33.9 mm SL, paratype. Dorsal view. Gill rakers and dorsal elements of left gill arches not shown. AN) accessory cartilaginous nodule; BB2-4) basibranchials 2 to 4; CB1-5) ceratobranchials 1 to 5; EB1-5) epibranchials 1 to 5; HB1-3) hypobranchials 1 to 3; PB3-4) pharyngobranchials 3 and 4; TP) tooth plate; and UP) uncinate process. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 3 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 3. Anterior portion of the body of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5929, 37.1 mm SL, holotype, showing laterosensory canal system. a) lateral view; b) dorsal view; c) ventral view. i1) infraorbital sensory branch 1; i2) infraorbital sensory branch 2 (antorbital branch); i3-6) infraorbital sensory branches 3 to 6; ll1) lateral line sensory branch 1; ll2-11) lateral line sensory branches 2 to 11; pm1-11) preoperculomandibular sensory branches 1 to 11; po1) postotic sensory branch 1; po1+pm11) postotic-preoperculomandibular complex sensory branch (postotic sensory branch 1 + preoperculomandibular sensory branch 11); po2) postotic sensory branch 2 (pterotic or temporal branch); po3) postotic sensory branch 3; s1-3) supraorbital sensory branches 1 to 3; s6) supraorbital sensory branch 6 (epiphyseal branch); and s8) supraorbital sensory branch 8 (parietal branch). Scale bar = 3 mm.

Fig. 10 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 10. Pelvic girdle of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5928, 33.9 mm SL, paratype. Dorsal view. BS) basipterygium; EP) external anterior process (or anterolateral arm); IP) internal anterior process (or anteromedial arm); LP) lateral process; NF) neural foramen; and PP) posterior process. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 14 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 14. Geographic distribution of Rhamdiopsis krugi. a) Eastern Brazil; b) detail of the upper rio Paraguaçu. Legends: 1) rio Paraguaçu; 2) rio São Francisco; 3) rio Una; i) Poço Encantado; ii) Lapa do Bode; and iii) Gruta Natal. Symbol (star) in map a represents the three localities.

Fig. 15 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 15. View of the type-locality of Rhamdiopsis krugi, Poço Encantado cave (12º56'37''S 41º06'05''W), Municipality of Itaetê, Bahia, northeastern Brazil, taken in 2008. Courtesy of Adriano Gambarini.

FIGURE 3 in Anatomy, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the original collection of von Huene, Middle-Late Triassic of southern Brazil

FIGURE 3. Life reconstruction (1) and preserved bones (2) of Prestosuchus chiniquensis. In red the holotype material and in white the referred material known. Drawn by Jorge Gonzales..

FIGURE 1 in Anatomy, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the original collection of von Huene, Middle-Late Triassic of southern Brazil

FIGURE 1. Map of Brazil, showing the location of the Prestosuchus chiniquensis-bearing site as indicated by von Huene (1938) within the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Map modified from Reichel et al. (2009).

FIGURE 12 in Anatomy, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the original collection of von Huene, Middle-Late Triassic of southern Brazil

FIGURE 12. Hind limb bones of the lectotype of Prestosuchus chiniquensis SNSB-BSPG AS XXV. 1-6, left femur (SNSB-BSPG AS XXV 10) in 1, anterior; 2, posterior; 3, lateral; 4, medial; 5, proximal, and 6, distal views. 7, articulated left tibia, fibula, and proximal tarsals in anteromedial view. 8-12, left tibia (SNSB-BSPG AS XXV 11a) in 8, medial; 9, lateral; 10, posterior; 11, proximal; and 12, distal views. 13-18, left fibula (SNSB-BSPG AS XXV 11b) in 13, proximal; 14, distal; 15, lateral; 16, medial; 17, posterior; and 18, anterior views. Abbreviations: dd, deep depression; f, popliteal fossa; fc, fibular condyle; g, groove; gt, great trochanter; ilt, iliofibularis trochanter; ip; incompletely preserved surface; kn, knob; ld, longitudinal depression; lud, lunate depression; plr, posterolateral ridge; pmt, posteromedial tuber; rd, rectangular depression; rt, rugose tubercle; s, scars; t, tubercle; td, triangular depression; tc, tibial condyle; tic, tibial contact; tfc, tibiofibular crest; 4t, fourth trochanter. Scale bars are indicated in the figure.

FIGURE 2 in Anatomy, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the original collection of von Huene, Middle-Late Triassic of southern Brazil

FIGURE 2. Chronostratigraphic column of the Santa Maria Supersequence, showing the Prestosuchus chiniquensis- bearing level. Modified from Horn et al. (2014).

FIGURE 6 in Anatomy, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the original collection of von Huene, Middle-Late Triassic of southern Brazil

FIGURE 6. Vertebral material of the lectotype of Prestosuchus chiniquensis SNSB-BSPG AS XXV. 1-3, Anterior cervical vertebra (SNSB-BSPG AS XXV 29) in 1, left lateral; 2, ventral; and 3, posterior views. 4-6, Middle cervical vertebra (SNSB-BSPG AS XXV 30) in 4, anterior; 5, posterior; and 6, dorsal views. 7, Anterior dorsal vertebrae (SNSB-BSPG XXV 31) in left lateral view. 8-9, Anterior caudal vertebrae and chevrons (SNSB-BSPG AS XXV 3b) in 8, left lateral; and 9, ventral views. Abbreviations: acd, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; al, accessory lamina; chc, chevrons contact; cpr, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; cr, cervical rib; dd, deep depression; di, diapophysis; dr, dorsal rib; hc, hemal canal; if, infradiapophyseal fossa; inf, infraprezygapophyseal fossa; infp, infraposzygapophyseal fossa; lld, lateral longitudinal depression; lf, lateral fossa; mb, medial bridge; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pad, paradiapophyseal lamina; pcd, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcl, posterior centroapophyseal lamina; pd, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; pos, postzygapophysis; pr, prezygapophysis; prd, prezygodiapophyseal laminae; ps, postzygapophysis lamina; tp, transverse process; vd, ventral depression; vk, ventral keel. Arrows indicate the orientation. Scale bar equals 1 cm indicated in the figure.

FIGURE 11 in Anatomy, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the original collection of von Huene, Middle-Late Triassic of southern Brazil

FIGURE 11. Pelvic elements of the lectotype of Prestosuchus chiniquensis SNSB-BSPG XXV. 1, distal ends of right and 2, left pubis (SNSB-BSPG AS XXV 6) in anteromedial view; 3-5, articulated ischia (SNSB-BSPG XXV 3) in 3, dorsal; 4, lateral; and 5, ventral views. Abbreviations: dlc, dorsolateral crest; iac, acetabular contribution; iob, ischial obturator blade; is, interischial suture; kde, knob-like distal end; lm, lamina of bone; vi, ventral incision. Scale bars equal 3 cm.

FIGURE 10 in Anatomy, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the original collection of von Huene, Middle-Late Triassic of southern Brazil

FIGURE 10. Humerus of the lectotype (1-6) of Prestosuchus chiniquensis. 1, proximal end of the left humerus (SNSBBSPG AS XXV 33) in posterior; 2, anterior; and 3, dorsal views. 4, distal end of the right humerus (SNSB-BSPG XXV 35) in anterior view. 5, proximal end of the right humerus (SNSB-BSPG AS XXV 33) in anterior; and 6, posterior views. Abbreviations: dc, deltopectoral crest; ent, entepicondyle; hh, humeral head; it, internal tuber; tg, trochlear groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm.

FIGURE 14 in Anatomy, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the original collection of von Huene, Middle-Late Triassic of southern Brazil

FIGURE 14. Reduced consensus tree of the 22815 most parsimonious trees of 1425 steps; bootstrap values over 50% indicated above branches and Bremer support indicated below branches. Orange: Prestosuchidae, green: Rauisuchidae, purple: Poposauroidea. Prestosuchus chiniquensis type series indicated in bold. Position of unstable taxa indicated with coloured circles.