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FIGURE 1 in Phylogenetic relationships and description of two new species of Diapoma (Characidae: Stevardiinae) from the La Plata River basin

FIGURE 1 | Holotype of Diapoma pampeana, male, UFRGS 28705, 29.6 mm SL, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Bagé, Sanga Cinco Saltos, affluent of Negro River, BR-153, between Aceguá and Bagé.

FIGURE 6 in Phylogenetic relationships and description of two new species of Diapoma (Characidae: Stevardiinae) from the La Plata River basin

FIGURE 6 | Right premaxilla, maxilla and dentary of Diapoma potamohadros, UFRGS 41353, 51.4 mm SL, paratype.

FIGURE 7 in Phylogenetic relationships and description of two new species of Diapoma (Characidae: Stevardiinae) from the La Plata River basin

FIGURE 7 | Anal fin of Diapoma potamohadros, MACN-ict 10364, A. Male, 37.8 mm SL; B. Female, 37.6 mm SL. Lateral view, left side. Scale bars = 1 mm.

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Fig. 1 in Description of a new species of AplECTana (Nematoda: Ascaridomorpha: Cosmocercidae) using an integrative approach and preliminary phylogenetic study of Cosmocercidae and related taxa

Fig. 1 Scanning electron micrographs of Aplectana xishuangbannaensis n. sp. collected from Polypedates megacephalus (Hallowell) (Anura: Rhacophoridae) in Yunnan Province, China. a Cephalic end of female (somatic papillae (black arrows) and amphids (white arrows) arrowed), subapical view. b Anterior part of male (somatic papillae (black arrows) and lateral ala (white arrow) arrowed), lateral view. c Magnified image of somatic papilla and longitudinal stockade-like ornamentation of cuticle of female. d Cephalic end of male (inner flanges arrowed), subapical view. e Posterior end of male (precloacal papillae arrowed), lateral view. f Tail of male (lateral ala arrowed), lateral view. g Tail of male (four pairs of postcloacal papillae arrowed), ventro-lateral view. h Magnified image of single, median precloacal papilla. i Tail of female (somatic papillae arrowed), ventral view

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Fig. 3 in Description of a new species of AplECTana (Nematoda: Ascaridomorpha: Cosmocercidae) using an integrative approach and preliminary phylogenetic study of Cosmocercidae and related taxa

Fig. 3 Maximum likelihood (ML) inference and Bayesian inference (BI) based on the 18S + 28S sequences of the rDNA showing the phylogenetic relationships of representatives of Cosmocercoidea. Ascaris lumbricoides Linnaeus, 1758 (Ascaridida: Ascaridoidea) was chosen as the outgroup. Bootstrap values exceeding 70% are shown

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Fig. 2 Aplectana xishuangbannaensis n in Description of a new species of AplECTana (Nematoda: Ascaridomorpha: Cosmocercidae) using an integrative approach and preliminary phylogenetic study of Cosmocercidae and related taxa

Fig. 2 Aplectana xishuangbannaensis n. sp. collected from Polypedates megacephalus (Hallowell) (Anura: Rhacophoridae) in Yunnan Province, China. a Anterior part of male, lateral view. b Cephalic end of female (somatic papillae arrowed), apical view. c Tail of female, lateral view. d Vulva, lateral view. e Egg. f Posterior end of male, lateral view. g Spicules. h Tail of male, ventral view. Scale bars: a, c‒h, 100 μm; b, 20 μm

FIGURE 7 in Description and phylogenetic position of a new species of Rhyacoglanis (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae) from the Jamanxim River basin

FIGURE 7 | Maximum likelihood tree of Pseudopimelodidae on the 70% complete matrix (1082 loci, 385,841 bp). Nodes without symbols represent 100% support from 1000 bootstrap pseudo-replicates; nodal support between 99% and 75% denote by black circles; gray nodes indicate support between 75% and 50%.

FIGURE 5 in Description and phylogenetic position of a new species of Rhyacoglanis (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae) from the Jamanxim River basin

FIGURE 5 | Variation pattern of dark body bands in Rhyacoglanis beninei. A. MZUEL 23049, 42.6 mm SL; B. LBP 32145, 29.8 mm SL; C. LBP 32163, 27.0 mm SL; D. LBP 32163, 42.9 mm SL. Scale bars = 10 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Description and phylogenetic position of a new species of Rhyacoglanis (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae) from the Jamanxim River basin

FIGURE 4 | A. Habitat of Rhyacoglanis beninei in córrego Jussara, 07°21'08"S 55°17'45"W; B. A rock where specimens of R. beninei were associated; C. Paratype of R. beninei just after capture. Photo: Gabriel S. Costa e Silva.

FIGURE 1 in Description and phylogenetic position of a new species of Rhyacoglanis (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae) from the Jamanxim River basin

FIGURE 1 | Rhyacoglanis beninei, holotype, MZUSP 127014, 59.1 mm SL, from córrego Jussara, an affluent of Jamanxim River, Tapajós River basin. Scale bar = 10 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Description and phylogenetic position of a new species of Rhyacoglanis (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae) from the Jamanxim River basin

FIGURE 2 | Pigmentation of oblique dark bars in the predorsal region of Rhyacoglanis beninei. A. MZUEL 23049, 29.6 mm SL; B. LBP 32145, 32.9 mm SL; C. LBP 32145, 37.3 mm SL; D. MZUEL 23049, 42.6 mm SL; E. LBP 32145, 50.2 mm SL. Scale bars = 10 mm.

Fig. 5 in Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Problems of the Aki Salamander Hynobius akiensis: Description of Two New Species from Chugoku, Japan

Fig. 5. Larvae, egg sacs, and habitat at the type locality of Hynobius geiyoensis sp. nov. (A, C, and E, respectively) and H. sumidai sp. nov. (B, D, and F, respectively).

Fig. 1 in Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Problems of the Aki Salamander Hynobius akiensis: Description of Two New Species from Chugoku, Japan

Fig. 1. Sampling map of the three Hynobius species used in this study. The enlarged area includes the central to the western part of Hiroshima Prefecture and the northernmost part of Ehime Prefecture. Closed symbols correspond to each of the three species sequenced in the current study. Open symbols correspond to each of the three species sequenced by other studies. The underlined localities show the sampling points of individuals for morphological comparisons: Pops. 1 (18 males) and 2 (1 male) for H. geiyoensis sp. nov.; Pop. 8 (7 males) for H. sumidai sp. nov.; Pops. 14 (3 males), 15 (7 males), 20 (6 males), 29 (3 males), 30 (1 male), 34 (6 males), 39 (1 male), 54 (1 male) for H. akiensis.

Fig. 4 in Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Problems of the Aki Salamander Hynobius akiensis: Description of Two New Species from Chugoku, Japan

Fig. 4. Holotype of Hynobius geiyoensis sp. nov. (HMNH-AM-101, adult male, 58.4 mm SVL) from the (A) dorsal and (B) ventral perspective; holotype of H. sumidai sp. nov. (HMNH-AM-102, adult male, 48.2 mm SVL) from the (C) dorsal and (D) ventral perspective; and a specimen from the type locality (topotype) of H. akiensis (KPM-NFA 946, adult male, 55.3 mm) from the (E) dorsal and (F) ventral perspective.

Fig. 3 in Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Problems of the Aki Salamander Hynobius akiensis: Description of Two New Species from Chugoku, Japan

Fig. 3. Two-dimensional plots of canonical discriminant analysis in males. The x and y axes show discriminant score 1 (DS1) and discriminant score 2 (DS2), respectively. The contribution ratios of DS1 and DS2 were 88.03 % and 11.97 %, respectively.

Fig. 2 in Molecular Phylogenetic and Morphological Problems of the Aki Salamander Hynobius akiensis: Description of Two New Species from Chugoku, Japan

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree produced by Bayesian inference using 630-bp cytochrome b genes. Salamandrella keyserlingii was used as an outgroup. Scale bar shows genetic distance (expected changes per site). Numbers located near the nodes are posterior probabilities (PP) for Bayesian inference and bootstrap (BS) values for maximum likelihood estimation. Values appearing in parentheses after the haplotype names correspond to population localities as indicated in Table 1 and Fig. 1. Asterisks after the parentheses (Pops. 1, 8, and 54) indicate the type locality of the three species. The labels covered by shaded boxes indicate the transition type of Hynobius akiensis.

Fig. 10 in Two new species of gymnophthalmid lizards of the genus Petracola (Squamata: Cercosaurinae) from the Andes of northeastern Peru, and their phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 10. Type locality of Petracola shurugojalcapi, Área de Conservación Privada Llamapampa-La Jalca, District of la Jalca Grande, Province of Chachapoyas, Department ofAmazonas.

Fig. S1 in Two new species of gymnophthalmid lizards of the genus Petracola (Squamata: Cercosaurinae) from the Andes of northeastern Peru, and their phylogenetic relationships

Fig. S1. Phylogenetic relationships of Cercosaurini (log likelihood = -54268.289, ultrafast bootstrap = 10,000) constructed from the data set of 2,384 nucleotides for mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, cyt-b, and ND4) and a nuclear gene (c-mos).

Fig. 9 in Two new species of gymnophthalmid lizards of the genus Petracola (Squamata: Cercosaurinae) from the Andes of northeastern Peru, and their phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 9. Holotype in life of Petracola shurugojalcapi from La Jalca Grande (PFAUNA 431, SVL = 51.0 mm, TL = 39.0 mm, adult female).

Fig. 7 in Two new species of gymnophthalmid lizards of the genus Petracola (Squamata: Cercosaurinae) from the Andes of northeastern Peru, and their phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 7. Holotype of Petracola shurugojalcapi, adult female PFAUNA 431 (SVL = 51.0 mm, TL = 39.0 mm).