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1,854 results for “plant hosts”
The role of evolving niche choice in herbivore adaptation to host plants: Literature survey data and R scripts for simulations
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Pollen chemical and mechanical defences restrict host-plant use by bees
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Jumping to new hosts: the diversification of flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticini) in the context of their host plant associations
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Simple attributes predict the value of plants as hosts to fungal and arthropod communities
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Data from: Plant host traits mediated by foliar fungal symbionts and secondary metabolites
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Data from: Host plants and experimental warming impact fitness and infection outcomes in a migratory butterfly
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Data from: Disease from leaves to landscapes: Viral hotspots are determined by spatial arrangement and phytochemistry of host plants in specialist caterpillars
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Alpine butterflies want to fly high: Species and communities shift upwards faster than their host plants
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Data from: Temporal distribution of endophytic and exophytic insect guilds responds to host plant phenology in the Brazilian Savannah
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Data from Globally Consistent Drivers of Plant Microbiome Diversity Across Hosts and Continents
We experimentally manipulated two potential mediators of plant microbiome diversity (soil nutrient supply and herbivore density) at 23 grassland sites spanning global-scale gradients in soil nutrients, climate, and plant biomass. This work used sites that are part of the Nutrient Network Experiment (NutNet; www.nutnet.org), a globally replicated experiment manipulating elemental nutrient supplies and herbivore density in grasslands worldwide. Using amplicon sequencing, we measured relative abundances of fungal (ITS1) and prokaryotic (16S) diversity in the leaves of the most widespread grass at each of 23 grassland sites (focal hosts included 18 grass species from 15 genera).
Figure 3 in Notes on mating behaviour and a possible new host plant for Megacyllene angulata (Fabricius, 1775) (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera)
Figure 3. Megacyllene angulata (Fabricius, 1775). (A‑C) male. (A) dorsal habitus; (B) ventral habitus; (C) lateral habitus. (D‑F) female. (D) dorsal habitus; (E) ventral habitus; (F) lateral habitus. Scale bar = 2 mm.
Figure 1 in Notes on mating behaviour and a possible new host plant for Megacyllene angulata (Fabricius, 1775) (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera)
Figure 1. Location where the observations occurred. (A) South American with Amazonia state (Brazil) marked; (B) Amazonia state with the location of observation in Tefé municipality marked (red point); (C) area of observation.
Figure 1 in First record of Petrobia (Petrobia) pseudotetranychina (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) in Asia, with two new host plants for Tetranychidae from Iran
Figure 1. Petrobia (Petrobia) pseudotetranychina (female) – Dorsal view of idiosoma.
Data from: Spatial scale, neighbouring plants and variation in plant volatiles interactively determine the strength of host-parasitoid relationships
Species-specific responses to the environment can moderate the strength of interactions between plants, herbivores and parasitoids. However, the ways in which characteristics of plants, such as genotypic variation in herbivore induced volatiles (HIPVs) that attract parasitoids, affect trophic interactions in different contexts of plant patch size and plant neighbourhood is not well understood. We conducted a factorial field experiment with white cabbage (<i>Brassica oleracea</i>) accessions that differ in the attractiveness of their HIPVs for parasitoids, in the context of different patch sizes and presence or absence of surrounding <i>Brassica nigra</i> plants. Parasitism rates of experimentally introduced <i>Pieris brassicae</i> caterpillars and the presence of naturally occurring <i>Pieris</i> spp. caterpillars in the plots were assessed throughout the growing season. The abundance of <i>Pieris</i> caterpillars was neither affected by cabbage accession nor plot size. Later in the season, when <i>B. nigra</i> plants had senesced, fewer caterpillars were found on cabbage plants in plots with a <i>B. nigra</i> border. Parasitism rates fluctuated over the season, and were not affected by plot size. However, the <i>B. nigra</i> border negatively affected parasitism rates on the accession that is less attractive to the parasitoid <i>Cotesia glomerata</i>, but not on the more attractive accession. Our results show that plant variation in HIPVs can differentially influence herbivores and parasitoids depending on characteristics of the surrounding vegetation context. These findings underscore the importance of considering the interaction between focal plant traits and neighbourhood context to reliably predict trophic cascades.
Data from: Introduced bees (Osmia cornifrons) collect pollen from both coevolved and novel host-plant species within their family-level phylogenetic preferences
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Studying the pollen preferences of introduced bees allows us to investigate how species utilize host-plants when establishing in new environments. <i>Osmia cornifrons</i> is a solitary bee introduced into North America from East-Asia for pollination of crops in the Rosaceae. We investigated whether <i>O. cornifrons</i> 1) more frequently collected pollen from host-plant species they coevolved with from their geographic origin, or 2) prefer hosts-plant species of specific plant taxa independent of origin. To address this question, using pollen metabarcoding we examined the identity and relative abundance of pollen in larval provisions from nests located in different habitats with varying abundance of East-Asian and non-Asian plant species. Our results show that <i>O. cornifrons</i> disproportionately, yet not exclusively, collected pollen from their native range. Plants in the family Rosaceae were their most preferred pollen hosts, where they differentially collected species native to East-Asia, Europe, or North America depending on the landscape. Our results suggest that while <i>O. cornifrons</i> more frequently collect pollen of East-Asian origin, the collection of pollen from novel species within their phylogenetic familial affinities can facilitate pollinator establishment. This phylogenetic preference highlights the effectiveness of <i>O. cornifrons</i> as crop pollinators of a variety of Rosaceae crops from different geographic origins. Ourresults imply that globalization of non-native plant species may ease the naturalization of their coevolved pollinators outside of their native range. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Figure 3 in Distinct parasitoid communities associated with host races of the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta on distantly related host plants (Juglandaceae and Ericaceae)
Figure 3. Lateral view of female Aneurobracon philippinensis.
Figure 2 in Distinct parasitoid communities associated with host races of the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta on distantly related host plants (Juglandaceae and Ericaceae)
Figure 2. Map of Japan showing the sampling localities of Acrocercops transecta mines.
Impact of Helicoverpa zea salivary GOX on stomatal conductance and volatile emission of host plants
<p>This data set contain raw data associated with the manuscript titled "Silencing the alarm: An insect salivary enzyme closes plant stomata and inhibits volatile release". </p> <p>Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are widely recognized as ecologically important to plant. While the majority of studies focused on the induction of this "cry for help", little is known about whether insect herbivores have evolved mechanisms to reduce the release of HIPVs. Here we show that a caterpillar (<em>Helicoverpa zea</em>) salivary enzyme, glucose oxidase (GOX), commonly secreted on plant leaves causes stomatal closure and reductions in emissions of several HIPVs involved in plant defenses. We found that application of GOX to wounded regions of leaves led to reductions in stomatal conductance on tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>) and soybean (<em>Glycine max</em>) for at least two days. The role of GOX in reducing stomatal aperture was confirmed using GOX knockout lines of <em>H. zea</em> (CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis), and microscopic observations of stomata. In addition, GOX reduced the emission of several HIPVs during feeding by <em>H. zea</em>, including (Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-jasmone, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, which are important air borne signals in plant defenses. Our findings highlight a novel mechanism where insect herbivore reduces the release of HIPVs during feeding by targeting fundamental plant structure (i.e. stomata), and the link between of stomatal dynamics and releases of HIPVs. We demonstrate the existence of HIPVs-interfering mechanisms as a potential evolutionary strategy for insect herbivores to interfere with plant air borne signals.</p>
Data from: Co-occurrence among three divergent plant-castrating fungi in the same silene host species
The competitive exclusion principle postulates that different species can only coexist in sympatry if they occupy distinct ecological niches. The goal of this study was to understand the geographical distribution of three species of Microbotryum anther-smut fungi that are distantly related but infect the same host plants, the sister species Silene vulgaris and S. uniflora, in western Europe. We used microsatellite markers to investigate pathogen distribution in relation to host specialization and ecological factors. Microbotryum violaceo-irregulare was only found on S. vulgaris at high elevations in the Alps. Microbotryum lagerheimii could be subdivided into two genetically differentiated clusters, one on S. uniflora in the UK and the second on S. vulgaris in the Alps and Pyrenees. The most abundant pathogen species, M. silenes-inflatae, could be subdivided into four genetic clusters, co-occurring in the Alps, the UK and the Pyrenees, and was found on both S. vulgaris and S. uniflora. All three fungal species had high levels of homozygosity, in agreement with the selfing mating system generally observed in anther-smut fungi. The three pathogen species and genetic clusters had large range overlaps, but occurred at sites with different elevations, temperatures and precipitation levels. The three Microbotryum species thus do not appear to be maintained by host specialization or geographic allopatry, but instead may occupy different ecological niches in terms of environmental conditions.
Figure 5 in Gall-inducing arthropods in a Neotropical savanna area in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil): effects of plant species richness and super-host abundance
Figure 5. Gall morphotypes in host plants in an area of Neotropical savanna in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil). (A-B) Vochysiaceae = Qualea grandiflora, (C-D) Vochysiaceae = Qualea parviflora. of gall morphotypes per host plant species was 1.37. species was significantly influenced both by plant spe- Gall-inducing arthropods belonged to Acari, Diptera, cies richness (p = 0.011) and abundance of super-host Hemiptera and Lepidoptera. The most important gall-in- plants (p = 0.020) (Table 2). We found that galling speducing arthropods were Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) having cies per plant species was negatively affected by plant induced 34 (85.0%) gall morphotypes. In the sequence species richness (Fig. 6) and positively affected by abunwere Eriophyidae (Acari) inducing three (7.5%) mor- dance of super-host plants (Fig. 7). photypes, Psylloidea (Hemiptera) inducing two (5.0%) morphotypes, and Lepidoptera inducing a single (2.5%) morphotype. DISCUSSION The plant families that showed the greatest richness of arthropod galls were Fabaceae, with 16 (40.0%) mor- The number of galling species observed in the area photypes, Vochysiaceae with four (10.0%) and Myrtaceae of EPA of Rio Pandeiros (40 morphotypes) is intermediary (7.5%) with three morphotypes (Table 1). The plant spe- compared to other studies performed in Neotropical sacies Copaifera oblongifolia and Andira humilis Mart. ex vannas (Table 3). Forexample, Urso-Guimarãesetal. (2003) Benth. (Fabaceae) were the most important host spe- recorded only 22 gall morphotypes in cerrado fragments, cies with five and three morphotypes, respectively. All rupestrian field and gallery forest in Delfinópolis, Minas other host plant species had two or one morphotypes Gerais State. In other study, Maia & Fernandes (2004) re- (Table 1). Most of the arthropod galls occurred on leaves corded 137 morphotypes of insect galls in an area of rup- (90.0%), and was lenticular (45.0%), green (52.5%) and estrian fields and cerrado in the Serra de São José, Minas glabrous (82.5%). Gerais. These numbers extremely variable in the diversi- Galling species richness was not affected by none of ty of galling species can be explained by several factors, explanatory variables (Table 2), despite the tendency of among which are different sampling efforts employed in a positive effect of abundance of super-hosts on the gall the studies, as well as variations in the structural characrichness (p = 0.057). Already the galling species per plant teristics and diversity of the studied vegetation. The stan-
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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