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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2010View details →

Figure 3 in Population dynamics, age structure and sex ratio of the bromeliad-dwelling jumping spider, Psecas chapoda (Salticidae)

Figure 3. Climatic data from Itauna farm (5 km from the study site), from May 1998 to April 2000.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Seasonal dynamics of sinking organic matter in the Pacific Arctic Ocean revealed by nitrogen isotope ratios of amino acids

The Pacific Arctic Ocean has experienced a rapidly changing climate, sea-ice retreat, and enhanced primary production over the past few decades. The export production generated by photoautotrophs and heterotrophs has been characterized in the Arctic Ocean, but their seasonal variations in relative proportion are largely unknown due to the limited access in the ice-covered season. We measured the concentration and nitrogen isotope ratio of individual amino acids from sinking particles in the northern east Siberian Sea (KAMS1), northern Chukchi Sea (KAMS2), and Northwind Ridge (KAMS4) from August 2017 to July 2019. The average trophic position, based on differences in the nitrogen isotope ratios of glutamic acid and phenylalanine, can indicate the relative proportions of biogenic organic matters derived from photoautotrophs and heterotrophs in sinking particles. Decreasing values (close to 1.0) in summer at KAMS2 in 2018 suggest that primary producers are responsible for most of the downward flux of sinking particles. However, the average trophic position at KAMS1 in 2017 increased to > 1.5 in autumn and was maintained at approximately 1.7 during ice-covered winter periods, likely due to greater contributions from heterotrophic organisms. Exceptionally high average trophic positions (close to 2.0) of sinking particles in summer at KAMS1 in 2017 and KAMS4 in 2018 were likely due to small export of photoautotrophs due to the surface seawater stratification and limited pelagic production. The average trophic position in sinking particles should reflect the spatiotemporal variation in export particle composition in the Pacific Arctic Ocean.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

Dataset of Daphnia magna samples' information in mRNA ratio study

Dataset of Daphnia magna samples' information in mRNA ratio study. Information including treatments, somatic growth rate, size, weight and mRNA ratios.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Data from: Are brood sex ratios adaptive? The effect of experimentally altered brood sex ratio on nestling growth, mortality, and recruitment

Brood sex ratios (BSRs) have often been found to be non-random in respect of parental and environmental quality, and many hypotheses suggest that non-random sex ratios can be adaptive. To specifically test the adaptive value of biased BSRs, it is crucial to disentangle the consequences of BSR and maternal effects. In multiparous species, this requires cross-fostering experiments where foster parents rear offspring originating from multiple broods, and where the interactive effect of original and manipulated BSR on fitness components are tested. To our knowledge, our study on collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis) is the first that meets these requirements. In this species, where BSRs had previously been shown to be related to parental characteristics, we altered the original BSR of the parents shortly after hatching by cross-fostering nestlings among trios of broods, and examined the effects on growth, mortality, and recruitment of the nestlings. We found that original and experimental BSR, as well as the interaction of the two were unrelated to the fitness components considered. Nestling growth was related only to background variables, namely brood size and hatching rank. Nestling mortality was related only to hatching asynchrony. Our results therefore do not support that the observed BSRs are adaptive in our study population. However, we cannot exclude the possibility of direct effects of experimentally altered BSRs on parental fitness, which should be evaluated in the future. In addition, studies similar to ours are required on various species to get a clearer picture of the adaptive value of non-random BSRs.

Root:shoot ratio GWAS Arabidopsis 4M SNP mapping

The Genome Wide Association Study output files mapped using the root:shoot ratio data collected on Arabidopsis HapMap population. The GWAS was run using the ASReml script as described in Awlia et al., 2021 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15310">https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15310</a>). The GWAS analysis was performed by Magdalena Julkowska at King Abdullah University during her postdoc in the group of Dr. Mark Tester.

Root:shoot ratio GWAS Arabidopsis 250k SNP mapping

Arabidopsis HapMap screen for salt-induced changes in root architecture and root:shoot ratio - images BA1 experiment

Images of scanned agar plates collected for Arabidopsis accessions exposed to salt stress / control treatment. The data was collected during PhD of Magdalena Julkowska at University of Amsterdam, under supervision of Dr. Christa Testerink.

Arabidopsis HapMap screen for salt-induced changes in root architecture and root:shoot ratio - images BA2 experiment

Images of scanned agar plates collected for Arabidopsis accessions exposed to salt stress / control treatment. The data were collected during PhD of Magdalena Julkowska at University of Amsterdam, under supervision of Dr. Christa Testerink.

Arabidopsis HapMap screen for salt-induced changes in root architecture and root:shoot ratio - images BA7 experiment

Arabidopsis HapMap screen for salt-induced changes in root architecture and root:shoot ratio - images BA3 experiment

Arabidopsis HapMap screen for salt-induced changes in root architecture and root:shoot ratio - images BA6 experiment

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

C and N stable isotope ratios in fishes from marine protected areas and areas open to fishing

Here, we assess whether fishery exploitation affects the trophic structure of carnivorous fishes. We censused fishes and analysed the stable isotope ratios of C and N of species targeted by fishermen in areas open to fishing and marine protected areas in the Mediterranean Sea and the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean. Results demonstrated a major impact of fishing on the biomass and the size structure of nektobenthic carnivorous fishes. However, those changes did not modify the diversity of the trophic resources used by the assemblage, the pattern of resource partitioning between species or the degree of trophic redundancy. These results add to recent evidence suggesting that marine protected areas implemented in fished seascapes may fail to restore the original structure of the food webs that once existed in pre-fished ecosystems, because regional decimation and extinction of highly mobile predators prevents recovering the original diversity of predators at local scales, even at no-take areas. If so, more strict local fishing regulations are unlikely to restore the original diversity of high trophic level carnivores and restoration goals should be reframed in terms of an objective that is less unrealistic than restoring the pre-fished condition while still recovering aspects of the historical trophic structure.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Data from: Whiskers provide time-series of toxic and essential trace elements, Se:Hg molar ratios, and stable isotope values of an apex Antarctic predator, the leopard seal

In an era of rapid environmental change and increasing human presence, researchers need efficient tools for tracking contaminants to monitor the health of Antarctic flora and fauna. Here, we examined the utility of leopard seal whiskers as a biomonitoring tool that reconstructs time-series of significant ecological and physiological biomarkers. Leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) are a sentinel species in the Western Antarctic Peninsula due to their apex predator status and top-down effects on several Antarctic species. However, there are few data on their contaminant loads. We analyzed leopard seal whiskers (n = 18 individuals, n = 981 segments) collected during 2018–2019 field seasons to acquire longitudinal profiles of non-essential (Hg, Pb, and Cd) and essential (Se, Cu, and Zn) trace elements, stable isotope (ẟ15N and ẟ13C) values and to assess Hg risk with Se:Hg molar ratios. Whiskers provided between 46 and 286 cumulative days of growth with a mean ~125 days per whisker (n = 18). Adult whiskers showed variability in non-essential trace elements over time that could partly be explained by changes in diet. Whisker Hg levels were insufficient (<20 ppm) to consider most seals being at "high" risk for Hg toxicity. Nevertheless, maximum Hg concentrations observed in this study were greater than that of leopard seal hair measured two decades ago. However, variation in the Se:Hg molar ratios over time suggest that Se may detoxify Hg burden in leopard seals. Overall, we provide evidence that the analysis of leopard seal whiskers allows for the reconstruction of time-series ecological and physiological data and can be valuable for opportunistically monitoring the health of the leopard seal population and their Antarctic ecosystem during climate change.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

The presence of a guard vicariously drives split sex ratios in a facultatively social bee

Split sex ratios provide broad insights into how reproductive strategies evolve and historically have special relevance to the evolution of eusociality. Yet almost no attention has been directed to situations where split sex ratios may potentially decrease the payoffs for worker-like behaviour, increasing selective thresholds for eusociality. We examined sex ratios in a facultatively social colletid bee, Amphylaeus morosus. Sex ratios in this bee vary strongly with the presence of a nest guard and in a pattern that does not conform to assumptions of previous models in which split sex ratios facilitate altruism. While the production of daughters was constant across social and solitary nests, mothers produced more brood when a non-reproductive guard was present, but these extra brood were all male. This leads to split sex ratios, vicariously driven by guards that are unable to manipulate sex ratios in their favour. Importantly, if guarding becomes more common in a population this would lead to an excess of males and lower the genetic value of these extra males to guards, effectively putting a brake on selection for worker-like behaviour.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Data from: A study on the Influence of submergence ratio on the transportation of suspended sediment in a partially vegetated channel flow

Riparian or aquatic vegetation thrives with seasons. The understanding of canopies' Submergence-Ratio SR (stems' height to water depth) influence on suspended sediments' transportation is still limited. Thus, Large Eddy Simulations (LES) coupled with the Discrete Phase Method (DPM) are used to investigate the particles' 3-dimensional distribution in a partially vegetated straight channel. The spanwise distribution of particles is quantified by the Probability Density Function (PDF), showing a non-uniformity of particles in time as quantified by the PDF variance. The findings and conclusions: (Ⅰ) With SR rising, the particles' depletion effects exerted by the vegetation-side mixing layer are improved along the interface between vegetated and vegetation-side bare channel region. However, the SR has little effect on the variance of the particles' PDF in the spanwise direction when the mixing layer is fully developed. (Ⅱ) During the developing stage of the over-canopy mixing layer, submerged vegetation with higher SR gain a stronger upwards (vertical) entrainment capability. The case (SR=60%) has a higher sediment concentration than other cases in the fully developed vertical mixing layer region above canopy. (III) The vertical suspension of particles in the vegetation-side bare channel region is analysed. Particles migrating from the vegetated region are entrained into the vegetation-side bare channel region by turbulent structures. Nevertheless, the vertical concentration profile is more uniform in the vegetated region than in the vegetation-side bare channel at the same streamwise location. The cases SR=40% and 60% still have higher sediment concentrations than other cases in the vegetation-side bare channel's upper region.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Dietary fat supplements influence weight gain and egg production but not offspring sex ratios in Japanese quail

Sex ratio theory suggests that females should bias offspring sex ratios based on maternal condition and the availability of critical food resources. Work in birds indicates that females do, indeed, bias sex ratios according to maternal condition and food quality and quantity. Yet it is unknown whether these sex ratio skews occur due to fluctuations in particular micro- or macro-nutrients, caloric content overall, or even the perception of food availability. We hypothesized that dietary fats may drive biases in offspring sex ratios, because measures of maternal condition often reflect fat reserves, and fats are critical for the process of egg-laying in birds. To test this, we provided breeding Japanese quail, a species that biases sex ratios in response to maternal condition, with either a control breeding diet or a diet supplemented with two oils (safflower oil and flaxseed oil). These oils were chosen for their high omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid content as well as their importance in mammalian sex allocation. We then measured influences of these diets on the sex ratio of offspring, the change in maternal weight, and the laying rates of female quail. The dietary oil supplements increased weight gains in quail but decreased the number of eggs laid during the experiment. There was no influence of the oil supplements on offspring sex ratios. This indicates that fat may not be a macro-nutrient involved in the process of sex ratio adjustment in quail.

Different C:N ratio approaches in biofloc system for Pacific white shrimp

We evaluated two C:N ratio in this experiment. The first one, was an heterotrophic system with C:N ratio of 15:1. Three days before stocking, water was fertilized with feed and white sugar at carbon/nitrogen ratio (C:N) of 15:1 in order to reach 200 mg L-1 of total suspended solids (TSS) at the beginning of the rearing period. During the experiment, when total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) surpassed 1 mg·L-1, extra sugar was added to the system at a ratio of 20 g of sugar per each gram of TAN. For the second one, we use a C:N ratio of 8,9, with inoculation of water from a mature tank. The experimental tanks of the mature biofloc treatment (n = 4) were by mixing 90 L of water from a biofloc tank stocked with shrimp (30%; matrix tank) and 210 L of seawater. The matrix tank was a 9 m3 circular tank stocked with 300 adult shrimp m-3 (weight = 21.3 ± 0.52 g). Water quality parameters of matrix tank were as follows: salinity 37 g L-1, TAN 0.21 mg L-1, alkalinity 136 mg L-1, pH 8.01, TSS 450 mg L-1, orthophosphate 1.2 ± 0.08 mg L-1, nitrite 0.12 mg L-1 and nitrate 41.7 mg L-1, indicating that the process of nitrification had occurred. The results of the trial indicated that the C:N of 8.9 with inoculation of water from a mature tank is enough to maintain the water quality and shrimp growth performance.

DeLiAn – a growing collection of depolarization ratio, lidar ratio and Ångström exponent for different aerosol types and mixtures from ground-based lidar observations

DeLiAn is a collection of lidar-derived aerosol intensive optical properties for several aerosol types. The intensive parameters are the particle linear depolarization ratio, the extinction-to-backscatter ratio (lidar ratio) and the Ångström exponent. The data collection is based on globally distributed, long-term, ground-based, multiwavelength, Raman and polarisation lidar measurements. DeLiAn is available in two data formats: NetCDF and excel workbook. The intensive optical properties are presented at the typical lidar wavelengths, 355, 532 and 1064 nm, for 13 aerosol categories in total. The variables included in the datafiles are listed below. For each variable, a full description is provided in the long_name attribute (applicable for the netCDF file only). The same information is provided in the first excel sheet (“List of variables”). <ul> <li> ScienceData <ul> <li>angstrom_exponent_backscatter_355_532</li> <li>angstrom_exponent_backscatter_532_1064</li> <li>angstrom_exponent_extinction_355_532</li> <li>campaign_rv</li> <li>date</li> <li>error_angstrom_exponent_backscatter_355_532</li> <li>error_angstrom_exponent_backscatter_532_1064</li> <li>error_angstrom_exponent_extinction_355_532</li> <li>error_lidar_ratio_355</li> <li>error_lidar_ratio_532</li> <li>error_particle_linear_depolarization_ratio_355</li> <li>error_particle_linear_depolarization_ratio_532</li> <li>lidar_ratio_355</li> <li>lidar_ratio_532</li> <li>location</li> <li>measurement_type</li> <li>number_samples</li> <li>particle_linear_depolarization_ratio_355</li> <li>particle_linear_depolarization_ratio_532</li> <li>reference</li> <li>system</li> </ul> </li> </ul> For any further information or expression of interest with respect to DeLiAn, please contact Athena Augusta Floutsi (<a href="mailto:floutsi@tropos.de">floutsi@tropos.de</a>) and/or Holger Baars (baars@tropos.de).

Products and Models for "Volatile-to-sulfur Ratios Can Recover a Gas Giant's Accretion History"

The newfound ability to detect SO2 in exoplanet atmospheres and presents an opportunity to measure sulfur abundances and so directly test between competing modes of planet formation.  To explore the detectability of SO2 in transmission spectra and its ability to diagnose planet formation, we present a grid of atmospheric photochemical models and corresponding synthetic spectra for WASP-39b (where SO2 has recently been detected).  Our grid contains 2,662 model atmospheres: spanning 1-100x the solar abundance ratios of C, O, and S (11^3 combinations of abundances) and for two thermal profiles: corresponding to the morning and evening terminators.  We also provide 3,993 synthetic spectra: one for each of the morning and evening terminators, plus a set of spectra that are the mean of the morning and evening spectra (corresponding to the transmission spectrum that would be observed during transit). If you use these files, please cite Crossfield (2023).   The transmission spectra are simple two-column CSV files -- wavelength in microns, and transit depth.  The model atmospheres are in Python pickle format, and are the standard output of the VULCAN photochemistry code.   The several data sets are: <ul> <li>wasp39_mean_spectra.tar.gz -- average terminator spectra. Use this for comparing to full-transit observations.</li> <li>wasp39_morning_spectra.tar.gz -- spectra corresponding to the morning-terminator models.</li> <li>wasp39_evening_spectra.tar.gz -- spectra corresponding to the evening-terminator models.</li> <li>wasp39_evening_profiles.tar.gz -- model atmospheres and chemical profiles for the evening-terminator thermal profile.</li> <li>wasp39_morning_profiles.tar.gz -- model atmospheres and chemical profiles for the morning-terminator thermal profile.</li> </ul> All filenames are of the form wasp39b_tsai23-Kzz_SNCHO_10x_z83_C7.5_N10.0_O100.0_S18.0__morn_transmission.csv <ul> <li>wasp39b -- planet name</li> <li>tsai23-Kzz -- using Kzz (eddy diffusion) profile from Tsai et al. (2023)</li> <li>SNCHO -- using the VULCAN code's SNCHO chemistry network</li> <li>10x -- all elements (aside from SNCHO) are set to 10x Solar abundances</li> <li>z83 -- zenith angle set to 83 degrees</li> <li>C7.5 -- the scaling of the Carbon abundance relative to Solar; in this case, 7.5x</li> <li>N10.0 -- the scaling of the Nitrogren abundance relative to Solar (10x for all models)</li> <li>O100.0 -- the scaling of the Oxygen abundance relative to Solar; in this case, 100x</li> <li>S18.0 -- the scaling of the Sulfur abundance relative to Solar; in this case, 18x</li> <li>morn -- morning terminator thermal profile, from Tsai et al. (2023). Options are 'morn', 'eve', 'morn-eve-mean'</li> <li>transmission.csv -- indicates a transmission spectrum file.  Other option is 'vulcan-output.vul'</li> </ul>

Development of a prognostic model for early breast cancer integrating neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and clinical-pathological characteristics

Abstract Breast cancer-related inflammation is critical in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and patient prognosis. Several inflammatory markers derived from peripheral blood cells count, such as the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) are considered as prognostic markers in several types of malignancy. Here, we investigate and validate a prognostic model in early breast cancer (eBC) patients to predict disease-free survival (DFS) based on readily available baseline clinicopathological prognostic factors and preoperative peripheral blood-derived indexes. We analyzed a training cohort of 710 BC patients and two external validation cohorts of 980 and 157 eBC patients, respectively, with different demographic origins. An elevated preoperative NLR is a better DFS predictor than PLR, MLR, and SII in patients with eBC. The prognostic model generated in this study was able to classify patients into three groups with different risks of relapse based on ECOG-PS, presence of comorbidities, T and N stage, PgR status, and NLR. Prognostic models derived from the combination of clinicopathological features and peripheral blood indices, such as NLR, represent attractive markers mainly because they are easily detectable and applicable in daily clinical practice. More comprehensive prospective studies are needed to unveil their actual effectiveness.