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1,620 results for “springs”
Warming effects of spring rainfall increase methane emissions from thawing permafrost: Site-level data from bog complex IV - Soil Temperatures 2014-2016
Methane emissions regulate the near-term global warming potential of permafrost thaw, particularly where loss of ice-rich permafrost converts forest and tundra into wetlands. Northern latitudes are expected to get warmer and wetter, and while there is consensus that warming will increase thaw and methane emissions, effects of increased precipitation are uncertain. At a thawing wetland complex in Interior Alaska, we found that interactions between rain and deep soil temperatures controlled methane emissions. In rainy years, recharge from the watershed rapidly altered wetland soil temperatures, warming the top ~80 cm of soil in spring and summer, and cooling it in autumn. When soils were warmed by spring rainfall, methane emissions increased by ~30%. The warm, deep soils early in the growing season likely supported both microbial and plant processes that enhanced emissions. Our study identifies an important and unconsidered role of rain in governing the radiative forcing of thawing permafrost landscapes. All site-level data from the studied bog, eddy covariance and micrometeorological data referenced in the published manuscript are available in the LTER data repository. These data are related to the following data package: Surface carbon, water and energy fluxes measured by eddy covariance at 3 sites within the Alaska Peatlands Experiment and Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest 2013-2016 (http://dx.doi.org/10.6073/pasta/4fabab3846113a1866b06f1b3d6d52a3).
Seasonal climate data (growing season, spring, fall/winter, and previous growing season) at an annual resolution for eight sites from the Cooperative Alaska Forest Inventory (CAFI) from 1945 - 2013.
This dataset contains site-level measurements from 1945 - 2013 of seasonal (growing season, spring, fall/winter, and previous growing season) climate moisture index (CMI), average temperature, and total precipitation at an annual resolution for eight sites from the Cooperative Alaska Forest Inventory (CAFI) from 1945 - 2013.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Thaw Gradient: Geochemical data collected daily in Panguingue Creek during spring thaw and summer rain events, 2018-2019
In this larger study, we are asking the question: Is old carbon that comprises the bulk of the soil organic matter pool released in response to thawing of permafrost? We are answering this question by using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure radiocarbon isotope ratios in soil organic matter, soil respiration, and dissolved organic carbon, in tundra ecosystems. The objective of these proposed measurements is to develop a mechanistic understanding of the SOM sources contributing to C losses following permafrost thawing. We are making these measurements at an established tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Field measurements center on a natural experiment where permafrost has been observed to warm and thaw over the past several decades. This area represents a gradient of sites each with a different degree of change due to permafrost thawing. As such, this area is unique for addressing questions at the time and spatial scales relevant for change in arctic ecosystems. Geochemical analysis of river waters complements the overarching aim of this study by targeting the organic component transported laterally from the catchment and understanding the association between this component and mineral elements. These mineral element-organic carbon associations must be accounted for when considering the stability of organic carbon transported laterally from the catchment.
Weather data from Wine Spring Knob, Nantahala National Forest, North Carolina
This data set contains measurements of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, PAR density, and rainfall from Wine Spring Knob, Nantahala National Forest, NC. Air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and PAR density are measured every 60 seconds with average, minimum, maximum, and discrete top of the hour values saved to the output data table hourly. Wind direction is measured every 60 seconds with the average value saved to the output data table every hour. Hourly rainfall is totalized and a continuous 24 hour rainfall value is calculated. Calculations for dew point, heat index, wind chill, and wind vector are calculated hourly and saved to the output data table.
Ground observations of spring leaf emergence phenology at eight sites in and near the Coweeta basin (2011-2012).
This study was conducted to evaluate the utility of satellite data from the MODIS sensor to predict the timing of spring leaf emergence in the Southern Appalachians. Eight ground sampling sites were established on square plots (231 x 231 meters) that corresponded to the dimensions of MODIS satellite pixels. Each site was visited approximately every other day and observations on the status of leaf emergence in the canopy and understory were collected at 30 subsampling points within each site. Observations consisted of visual estimates of leaf emergence status on marked trees and shrubs, as well as digital photographs of the canopy and understory taken from consistent locations at each subsampling point.
Ground-based observations of aerosols and trace gases at a remote site in Taiwan in the spring of 2017
<p>Intensive measurements of aerosols were conducted at a remote site (Cape Fuguei, 25.30N, 121.54E) in Taiwan in the spring of 2017. A laser-induced incandescence - mass spectrometric analyzer (LII-MS) was used to measure the chemical composition of aerosols internally or externally mixed with black carbon. Meteorological parameters, trace gases including O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and CO, and PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass concentration were also measured at the site.</p>
Data from: Overlap of spatial and temporal spawning distributions of spring and summer Chinook Salmon results in hybridization in the upper Columbia River
<p>The upper Columbia River in Washington State (main-stem and tributary habitat between McNary and Chief Joseph dams) is inhabited by two major lineages of Chinook Salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>); endangered spring Chinook Salmon and summer Chinook Salmon which are not ESA listed. The lineages are highly genetically divergent from one another and historically spatial and temporal isolating mechanisms maintained these genetic differences. Both lineages occur in the Entiat River, a system where anthropogenic activity has changed habitat, flows, species composition, and the distribution of the two lineages over the past century. We examined the spatial and temporal overlap in spawning distributions between Entiat River spring and summer Chinook Salmon and we used genetic markers to assess the level of introgression between lineages. Redd surveys were conducted from 2003 to 2017 to describe spatial and temporal spawning patterns of both lineages. We genotyped sub-yearling juvenile Chinook Salmon captured in the Entiat River from 2009–2014 at 90 SNP loci to determine lineage and hybridization status. There was temporal overlap in spawning between lineages in several years and considerable spatial overlap in redd locations annually. Genetic analysis revealed hybridization between lineages does occur, albeit at relatively low rates (2.6% of sub-yearling juveniles genotyped). We detected hybrids each year samples were collected and they were distributed throughout the Entiat River basin. Hybridization between lineages of Chinook Salmon could result in introgression and a loss of genetic diversity between the lineages, and/or, a loss of production by ESA-listed spring Chinook Salmon. The presence of hybrids warrants concern for ESA-listed spring Chinook Salmon in both the Entiat River system and throughout the upper Columbia River basin.</p>
Data from: Stopover refueling, movement, and departure decisions in the White-throated Sparrow: the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors during spring migration
<p>1. Differential migration timing between sex or age classes are examples of how migratory movement strategies can differ among sub-groups within a population. However, in songbirds, evidence for intrinsic differences in en route migratory behavior is often mixed, suggesting that the local environmental context may play a role in accentuating or diminishing patterns. 2. We evaluated how multiple intrinsic and extrinsic variables influenced refueling rates, local movement behavior, and departure decisions in the White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) during spring migration. This species exhibits a unique genetically-based plumage dimorphism, providing a unique class of individual in which to evaluate patterns and processes of differential migration, in addition to sex, age, and migration distance. 3. At a migratory stopover site, plasma metabolite analysis was used to quantify individual variation in stopover refueling rate. In after second year adults, automated and manual radio telemetry was used to quantify daily activity timing, daily movement distances, stopover duration, and departure time. Arrival timing to the stopover site was determined using capture data. Non-breeding and previous breeding/natal latitude were determined using analysis of hydrogen isotopes in claws and feathers. 4. Males arrived at the stopover site 11 days on average before females, but no difference in migration timing was observed between plumage morph or age classes. After second year adults with more southern previous breeding latitudes arrived at stopover earlier whereas second year birds making their first return migration arrived at stopover in an inverse relationship to non-breeding latitude. Stopover refueling rate did not differ between ages, sexes, or plumage morphs, and daily departure probability of adults was higher under warmer temperatures and favorable tailwinds. White-striped morphs moved greater distances during stopover, initiated daily activity earlier in the morning, and departed for migration earlier in the evening than tan-striped morphs. 5. Our results show that while individual phenotype can influence some aspects of local stopover-scale movement behavior, evidence for differential stopover behavior was weak. Differential migration timing is unlikely to result from intrinsic differences in en route refueling rate and departure decisions, especially because the latter is strongly influenced by meteorological conditions. </p>
Data from: Early spring warming may hasten leaf emergence in Erythronium americanum
Premise of the study: Climate change is making spring arrive earlier than in the past, causing some species to alter the timing of their spring activities. This study addressed whether Erythronium americanum Ker Gawl. (trout lily), a common spring ephemeral, can hasten its spring emergence if exposed to early spring warming. Methods: I collected corms of E. americanum in the fall, overwintered them in soil, and exposed them to warming in either mid (early treatment) or late (late treatment) February. The timing of leaf emergence was monitored and compared between treatments. Key results: Leaves exposed to early warming emerged earlier than those in the late treatment. Bud break happened closer to date of exposure to warming in the late treatment than in the early treatment. Conclusions: Spring ephemerals may be able to produce leaves early in response to early spring warming induced by climate change. Risk of late frost and eventual shading by the canopy may limit the duration of a potentially extended growing season. Please be aware that if you ask to have your user record removed, we will retain your name in the records concerning manuscripts for which you were an author, reviewer, or editor. In compliance with data protection regulations, you may request that we remove your personal registration details at any time. (Use the following URL: https://www.editorialmanager.com/ajb/login.asp?a=r). Please contact the publication office if you have any questions.
The Spring Festival Effect: the change of NO2 column concentration in China caused by the migration of human activities
<p>The Spring Festival is the most important holiday in China, human activity and population mobility may contribute greatly to air quality, especially in the megacities. According to the satellite-based tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) column and ground-based observational concentration of NO<sub>2</sub> in the megacities from 2013 to 2018 around the Spring Festival, we found that NO<sub>2</sub> concentration decreases obviously during the Spring Festival and rebounds after the Spring Festival in China, particularly in the megacities. The tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> columns density around Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region decreases about 40% than the period before the festival, and it in Beijing decreases by 41.6% and rebounds by 22.3%. While under the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic progresses, the tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> columns density in Beijing decreases by 56.2% and rebounds only by 6.8% in 2020.</p>
PARE-Seq Spring 2021 Supplemental Data
<p>This repository hosts the soil, water, and wastewater fasta files for the PARE-Seq bioinformatics short course data.</p>
Data from: Mid-winter temperatures, not spring temperatures, predict breeding phenology in the European starling Sturnus vulgaris
In many species, empirical data suggest that temperatures less than 1 month before breeding strongly influence laying date, consistent with predictions that short lag times between cue and response are more reliable, decreasing the chance of mismatch with prey. Here we show in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) that mid-winter temperature ca 50–90 days before laying (8 January–22 February) strongly (r2 = 0.89) predicts annual variation in laying date. Mid-winter temperature also correlated highly with relative clutch size: birds laid later, but laid larger clutches, in years when mid-winter temperatures were lower. Despite a high degree of breeding synchrony (mean laying date 5–13 April = ±4 days; 80% of nests laid within 4.8 days within year), European starlings show strong date-dependent variation in clutch size and productivity, but this appears to be mediated by a different temporal mechanism for integration of supplemental cue (temperature) information. We suggest the relationship between mid-winter temperature and breeding phenology might be indirect with both components correlating with a third factor: temperature-dependent development of the starling's insect (tipulid) prey. Mid-winter temperatures might set the trajectory of growth and final biomass of tipulid larvae, with this temperature cue providing starlings with information on breeding season prey availability (though exactly how remains unknown).
Data from: Validation of grain yield QTL from soft winter wheat using a CIMMYT spring wheat panel
Validation of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) is an essential step in marker-assisted breeding. The objectives of this study were to validate grain yield (GY) QTLs previously identified in soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through biparental and association mapping using the spring wheat association mapping initiative (WAMI) panel from CIMMYT, Mexico, and to identify allele combinations of the validated QTLs that resulted to the highest GY. Linked single-nucleotide polymorphisms for IWA3560 (3A), IWA1818 (4B), and IWA755 (6B) were significantly associated (P < 0.001) with GY, grain number, and thousand-grain weight in the WAMI. Lines possessing the favorable allele for the QTL at the 3A, 4B, and 6B loci (ACG allele combination) validated on the WAMI had the highest mean GY at 4.55 t ha−1, but three other haplotypes (ACA, GCA, and GCG) differing by one or two alleles in the validated QTL regions were not significantly different. These results validate GY QTLs across winter and spring wheat through genome-wide association analysis and further demonstrate the potential for pyramiding favorable alleles for the genetic improvement of wheat breeding populations.
Data from: Water the odds? Spring rainfall and emergence-related seed traits drive plant recruitment
<p>Recruitment of new individuals from seed is a critical component of plant community assembly and reassembly, especially in the context of ecosystem disturbance and recovery. While frameworks typically aim to predict how communities will be filtered on the basis of traits influencing established plant responses to the environment, assembly from seed is more complex: the responses of seeds (affected by dormancy and germination function) and establishing plants (affected by root and leaf function) can both influence outcomes within a single growing season. This creates a potential role for a more diverse set seed and seedling traits, and for environmental variability on shorter timescales (e.g., seasonal versus annual dynamics), than are typically considered. We followed thousands of individual seeds comprising eleven herbaceous grassland species through the first growing season, seeking to uncover critical environmental (precipitation amount and timing) and trait-based filters on seedling emergence and survival in assembling communities. We saw the biggest recruitment limitation when seeds failed to emerge, driven independently by a dry spring and interspecific variation in seed mass (positive effect) and seed dormancy (negative effect). Seedling survival rates were higher than emergence, with weaker predictive roles for traits like seedling root mass allocation (positive effect) and seed mass (positive under spring drought), and lesser impacts of summer rainfall on soil moisture and survival. Interestingly, most trait relationships were not conditional on rainfall, suggesting water-independent mechanisms of their respective advantages. Although recruitment is a complex process, our findings suggest that trait-based assembly frameworks can be a useful way to anticipate outcomes, particularly if dynamic early-stage conditions (e.g., spring rainfall) and attributes (e.g., seed dormancy) receive greater attention. Given the importance of recruitment for community turnover in the context of global change and land management efforts, this is an area ripe for continued expansion in trait-based and applied ecology.</p>
Spring Whelk
This is a spring whelk from the Grant Groves Collection. It is currently housed in the Rollins College Archaeology Lab. Model made by Madison Green. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Indian Springs Angel Figure
The lichen-covered angel statuette at the gate to the Indian Springs Baptist Church graveyard. Located just outside Tallahassee, FL. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Irradiance measurements, satellite images, and clear-sky expectations for Spring 2014 in Tucson, AZ.
<p>This dataset contains the metadata and measurements from a number of irradiance sensors and rooftop solar power systems in addition to clear-sky expectations for those sensors. Irradiance derived from images from the GOES-W satellite are also included. The dataset covers April, May, and June 2014 over the Tucson, AZ, area. The data is in a number of formats including CSV, plain text, HDF5, and netCDF4. </p> <p> </p> <p>See the following for a description of the NREL calibrated GHI sensor:</p> <p>Andreas, A.; Wilcox, S.; (2010). Observed Atmospheric and Solar Information System (OASIS); Tucson, Arizona (Data); NREL Report No. DA-5500-56494. http://dx.doi.org/10.5439/1052226</p> <p> </p> <p>More information about the custom irradiance and rooftop PV sensors can be found in:</p> <p>A. T. Lorenzo, W. F. Holmgren, M. Leuthold, C. K. Kim, A. D. Cronin, and E. A. Betterton, “Short-term PV power forecasts based on a real-time irradiance monitoring network,” in <em>2014 IEEE 40th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC)</em>, 2014, pp. 0075–0079.</p>
Figs 1–9. Moths from Kunashir Island, dorsal view. 1 in First data on spring Geometridae (Lepidoptera) on Kuril Islands
Figs 1–9. Moths from Kunashir Island, dorsal view. 1 – Cleora leucophaea (Butler,
Adult male birds advance spring migratory phenology faster than females and juveniles across North America
<p>Advances in spring migratory phenology comprise some of the most well-documented evidence for the impacts of climate change on birds. Nevertheless, surprisingly little research has investigated whether birds are shifting their migratory phenology equally across sex and age classes – a question critical to understanding the potential for trophic mismatch. We used 60-years of bird banding data across North America – comprising over 4 million captures in total – to investigate both spring and fall migratory phenology for a total of 98 bird species across sex and age classes, with the exact numbers of species for each analysis depending on season-specific data availability. Consistent with protandry, in spring (n=89 species), adult males were the first to arrive and immature females were the last to arrive. In fall (n=98), there was little difference between sexes, but adults tended to depart earlier than juveniles. Over 60 years, adult males advanced their phenology the fastest (-0.84 days per decade, 95CrI = -1.22 to -0.47, n=36), while adult and immature females advanced at a slower pace, causing the gap in male and female arrival times to widen over time. In the fall, there was no overall trend in phenology by age or sex (n=57), driven in part by high interspecific variation related to breeding and molt strategies. Our results indicate consistent and predictable age- and sex-based differences in the rates at which species' springtime phenology is shifting. The growing gap between male and female migratory arrival indicates sex-based plasticity in adaptation to climate change that has strong potential to negatively impact current and future population trends.</p>
Discharge of springs monitored during the WABEsense project
<p>Water discharge and temperature of the springs monitored during the <a href="https://www.aramis.admin.ch/Grunddaten/?ProjectID=47484">WABEsense project (UTF 642.21.20)</a>.</p><p>The data corresponding to the all field measurements performed between Feb. 2021 and Dec 2023. Data for each spring might not cover the whole period.</p><p>For each spring there are two files: *.csv and *.meta. The .csv file contains the recorded data. The .meta fiel contains further information about the spring (e.g. location) and the data.</p><p>## List of springs:</p><p>- Bonaduz BS Paliu Fravi<br>- Bonaduz BS Salums Friedrich<br>- Bonaduz BS Salums Leo<br>- Bonaduz SS Leo Friedrich<br>- Bregaglia BS Acqua d'Balz 1<br>- Bregaglia BS Acqua d'Balz 2<br>- Hergiswil BS Rossmoos<br>- Hergiswil SS Muesli<br>- Oberriet SS Ulrika<br>- Schiers BS Chalta Wasser<br>- Schiers BS Grapp rechts<br>- Susch BS Prada bella suot<br>- Susch BS Prada bella sura<br>- Zernez BS Sarsura<br>- Zug SS Nidfuren</p><p>More details about each spring is given in the corresponding .meta file.</p><p>We are very grateful for the work of the operators responsible for collecting the data.</p><p>## Files formats</p><p>All files are plain text. The .csv files are UTF-8 encoded and separated by ";" (semi-colon) . The .meta files follow the YAML format.</p><p>An example of loading the data in python using pandas is given below:</p><p>import pandas as pd data = pd.read_csv("Bonaduz.BS.Paliu_Fravi_discharge.csv", encoding="utf-8", sep=";")</p><p> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.