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6,569 results for “Long-term”
Long-term vegetation changes in Nardus grasslands indicate eutrophication, recovery from acidification, and management change as the main drivers
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Questions</p> <p>Which trends and patterns of community change occurred in <em>Nardus</em> grasslands over recent decades in parts of the Continental biogeographic region of Germany? Are patterns and trends consistent across two study regions? Do impacts of environmental changes on <em>Nardus</em> grasslands in Central Europe correspond to those identified in the European Atlantic biogeographic region?</p> <p>Location</p> <p>East Hesse Highlands, Germany</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In 2012-2015, we re-surveyed quasi-permanent plots that had been initially surveyed between 1971 and 1987, and re-measured soil parameters. We tested for differences in species frequency and cover, mean Ellenberg indicator values, species richness, and soil variables. Nitrogen- and sulphur-deposition data were analysed to evaluate possible effects of atmospheric pollutants. We used regression- and redundancy analyses to identify environmental drivers responsible for changes in species composition.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Across regions, we found significant increases in soil pH, Ellenberg R and N indicator values, plant-nutrient indicators, forbs, species of agricultural grasslands and of fallows. By contrast, the C:N ratio<em>, Nardus</em> grassland specialists, low-nutrient indicators, and graminoids declined. Changes in species composition were related to changes in pH and management. There was a strong decrease in sulphur and a moderate increase in nitrogen deposition, whose local scale pattern did not correlate with changes in soil parameters. However, there was an effect of local NH<sub>y</sub> changes on species composition.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The findings indicate significant overall eutrophication, a trend towards less acidic conditions and insufficient management, which are widely consistent across our study regions and correspond to recent reports of vegetation changes and recovery from acidification in the Atlantic biogeographic region. We assume the reduced sulphur deposition during recent decades to be a major driver of these changes, combined with increased nitrogen deposition and reduced management intensity. This suggests a large-scale validity of processes that influenced changes in <em>Nardus</em> grasslands of Western and Central Europe.</p>
Stable carbon, oxygen and nitrogen isotopes in tree rings from temperate forests within long-term monitoring network in the UK
<p>Supporting dataset for the paper "Climate and atmospheric deposition effects on forest water‑use efficiency and nitrogen availability across Britain" by Guerrieri et al. 2020 Scientific Reports DOI is 10.1038/s41598-020-67562-w (<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-67562-w">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-67562-w</a>)</p> <p>The dataset includes carbon, oxygen and nitrogen stable isotope composition measured in tree rings for four species at twelve forests across climate and atmospheric deposition gradients in Britain. Data were used to i) investigate spatial and temporal (over 30‑years) changes in tree intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE, i.e., the ratio between CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation - A, and stomatal conductance- g<sub>s</sub>); ii) assess the possible species-specific physiological mechanisms (changes in A and/or g<sub>s</sub>) evaluate whether sites receiving high Ndep experience increase in ecosystem N availability and N saturation (using tree-ring nitrogen isotope composition as a proxy); iv) elucidate drivers of spatial and temporal changes in the isotope-derived physiological and ecological processes (i.e., relative contribution of climate vs. changes in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and nitrogen and sulfur deposition). </p> <p>The following files are available:</p> <ul> <li>CSV file including: a) Site names; b) Species; c) Latitude; d) Longitude; e) Investigated years (1980-2010); f) Measured isotope-related parameters and tree ring nitrogen %. Isotope-related parameters included in the dataset are: 1) delta13C, 2) carbon isotope discrimination (Delta13C), 3) intercellular CO2 concentration (ci) and the ratio of intercellular to atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ci/ca), delta18O, estimated delta18O in precipitation (delta18OP) according to Barbour et al. 2001 (see Method in Guerrieri et al. 2020 Scientific Reports), oxygen isotope discrimination above the source water (Delta18O), delta15N. </li> <li>PDF file reporting the equations used to calculate the isotope-derived parameters, which can also be found in the paper by Guerrieri et al. 2020 Scientific Reports (accepted)</li> </ul>
Data from: Long-term employment outcomes after epilepsy surgery in childhood
Objective: To analyse long-term employment outcomes in a population-based cohort of adults who underwent epilepsy surgery in childhood or adolescence and to compare the results to general population reference data. Methods: Prospective data on epilepsy surgery procedures performed on patients <19 years of age between 1995 and 2012 were extracted from the Swedish National Epilepsy Surgery Register. Five-, 10-, 15- and 20-year follow-up data were analysed. Patients aged ≥19 years at follow-up were eligible for inclusion. Educational attainment and employment status were analysed in relation to seizure outcome. Education and employment outcomes of seizure-free patients with a preoperative IQ of ≥70 were compared to general population reference data. Results: A total of 203 patients were included. The mean age at surgery was 13.6 years and 66% had IQ≥70. Of these, a majority had attained at least high school education five years after surgery. Employment rates were 44%, 69%, 71% and 77% at the 5-, 10-, 15- and 20-year follow-ups, respectively. Seizure-free patients were significantly more likely to work full-time. Educational attainment and rates of full-time employment of seizure-free patients were similar to the general population. A majority of patients with IQ<70 had attended special education and were reliant on social benefits. Conclusion: Long-term overall employment rates were higher compared to most previous studies on surgery in adults. Seizure-free patients with a preoperative IQ≥70 showed rates of full-time employment similar to the general population. Further research is needed to determine whether this also applies for occupational complexity and wages.
Satellite-derived long-term estimates of full-coverage PM1 concentrations across China based on a stacking decision tree model
<p>The open data uploaded by Rui Li</p>
Interacting Infrastructure Disruptions Due to Environmental Events and Long-Term Climate Change
<p>This dataset contains shapefiles of shoreline protection, flood extent, and roadway disruptions for four shoreline scenarios implemented in South San Francisco Bay. The scenarios were modeled with a hydrodynamic model (Delft3D) and an agent-based traffic model (MATSim) for the manuscript entitled: <em>Interacting Infrastructure Disruptions Due to Environmental Events and Long-Term Climate Change</em> (doi: xxx).</p>
Data and code for: Dietzel et al. Long-term shifts in the colony size structure of coral populations along the Great Barrier Reef
<p>The age or size structure of a population has a marked influence on its demography and reproductive capacity. While declines in coral cover are well documented, concomitant shifts in the size frequency distribution of coral colonies are rarely measured at large spatial scales. Here we document major shifts in the colony size structure of coral populations along the 2,300km length of the Great Barrier Reef over the past two decades. Coral colony abundances on reef crests and slopes have declined sharply across all colony size classes and in all coral taxa compared to historical baselines. Declines were particularly pronounced in the Northern and Central regions of the Great Barrier Reef, following mass coral bleaching in 2016 and 2017. The relative abundances of large colonies remained relatively stable, but this apparent stability masks steep declines in absolute abundance. The potential for recovery of older fecund corals is uncertain given the increasing frequency and intensity of disturbance events. The systematic decline in smaller colonies across regions, habitats and taxa, suggests that a decline in recruitment has further eroded the recovery potential and resilience of coral populations.</p>
Data and code from: Long-term effects of colonization-extinction dynamics of generalist versus specialist wodd-decaying fungi
<p>Data and scripts required to fit colonization-extinction models and to run simulations presented in Moor et al. 2020 J Ecol.</p> <p>Scripts use RData files; data is also available i CSV file format.</p>
Female and male song exhibit both parallel and divergent patterns of cultural evolution: a long-term study of song structure and diversity in tropical wrens
<p>Animal culture changes over time through processes that include drift, immigration, selection, and innovation. Cultural change has been particularly well-studied for animal vocalizations, especially for the vocalizations of male animals in the temperate zone. Here we examine cultural change in the vocalizations of tropical Rufous-and-white Wrens (<i>Thryophilus rufalbus</i>), quantifying temporal variation in song structure, song type diversity, and population-level distribution of song types in both males and females. We use data from 10 microsatellite loci to quantify patterns of immigration and neutral genetic differentiation over time, to investigate whether cultural diversity changes with rates of immigration. Based on 11 years of data, we show that the spectro-temporal features of several widely-used persistent song types maintain a relatively high level of consistency for both males and females, whereas the distribution and frequency of particular song types change over time for both sexes. Males and females exhibit comparable levels of cultural diversity (i.e. the diversity of song types across the population), although females exhibit greater rates of cultural change over time. We found that female changes in cultural diversity increased when immigration is high, whereas male cultural diversity did not change with immigration. Our study is the first long-term study to explore cultural evolution for both male and female birds and suggests that cultural patterns exhibit notable differences between the sexes.</p>
Social status, forest disturbance, and Barred Owls shape long-term trends in breeding dispersal distance of Northern Spotted Owls
<p>Dispersal among breeding sites in territorial animals (i.e. breeding dispersal) is driven by numerous selection pressures, including competition and spatiotemporal variation in habitat quality. The scale and trend of dispersal movements over time may signal changing conditions within the population or on the landscape. We examined 2,158 breeding dispersal events from 694 male and 608 female individually-marked Northern Spotted Owls (<i>Strix occidentalis caurina</i>) monitored over 28 years on seven study areas to assess the relative importance of individual (sex, experience), reproductive (annual productivity, mate availability), and environmental (forest alteration, presence of competitor) sources of variation in breeding dispersal distance. Median breeding dispersal distance was 3.17 km, with 99% of all breeding dispersal events less than 37 km. Mean annual dispersal distances increased by 2.43 km in Oregon and 9.40 km in Washington between 1990 and 2017, which coincided with increases in annual detections of non-native Barred Owl (<i>S. varia</i>). Frequency of breeding dispersal events, both among and within individuals, also increased over time. Female owls moved farther than males (median of 3.26 km and 3.10 km respectively), and birds with less experience (territory tenure) moved farther than those with more experience. Owls that were single in the year prior to dispersal moved 13–31% farther than those paired prior to dispersal. The greatest environmental change occurring over the course of our study was the expansion of Barred Owl populations. Breeding dispersal distance was positively related to Barred Owls in the study area and disturbance within the originating territory. While it appears that social factors continue to be important drivers of breeding dispersal distance in Spotted Owls, increased competition from Barred Owls and habitat alteration have a contributing effect. Increased breeding dispersal distances should be of concern for conservation efforts and considered in population monitoring because changing dispersal behavior may lead to higher rates of mortality and/or emigration from historic study areas.</p>
IS-mediated mutations both promote and constrain evolvability during a long-term experiment with bacteria
<p>The long-term dynamics of IS elements and their effects on bacteria are poorly understood, including whether they are primarily genomic parasites or important drivers of adaptation by natural selection. Here, we investigate the dynamics of IS elements and their contribution to genomic evolution and fitness during a long-term experiment with <em>Escherichia coli</em>. This data set includes the Rmd file to analyze the genomic and metagenomic data (Tenaillon et al. 2016 and Good et al. 2017) in light with the IS dynamics and their correlation with fitness improvements described in the present work. </p>
AERA5-Asia: A long-term Asian precipitation dataset (0.1°, 1 hourly, 1951–2015, Asia) anchoring the ERA5-Land under the total volume control by APHRODITE (1982–1998)
<p>AERA5-Asia: A long-term Asian precipitation dataset (0.1°, 1 hourly, 1951–2015, Asia) is developed by organically combining the ERA5-Land dataset with high spatiotemporal resolutions and continuity and the APHRODITE dataset with high quality.</p> <p><strong>How to cite: Ma, Z., Xu, J., Ma, Y., Zhu, S., He, K., Zhang, S., Ma, W., Xu, X., 2022. AERA5-Asia: A long-term Asian precipitation dataset (0.1°, 1 hourly, 1951–2015, Asia) anchoring the ERA5-Land under the total volume control by APHRODITE. Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, 103 (4)., DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0328.1.</strong></p> <p>Data Format: GeoTIFF</p> <p>Spatial Coverage: 60°E–150°E, 15°S–55°N, land.</p> <p>AERA5-Asia (0.1°/ hourly, 1951–1966, Asia) is available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3609352">https://doi.org/</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4266081">10.5281/zenodo.6367463</a></p> <p>AERA5-Asia (0.1°/ hourly, 1962–1981, Asia) is available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3609352">https://doi.org/</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4266081">10.5281/zenodo.6369796</a></p> <p>AERA5-Asia (0.1°/ hourly, 1999–2015, Asia) is available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3609352">https://doi.org/</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4264451">10.5281/zenodo.4264451</a></p>
Data from: Mercury exposure in an endangered seabird: long-term changes and relationships with trophic ecology and breeding success
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Mercury (Hg) is an environmental contaminant which, at high concentrations, can negatively influence avian physiology and demography. Albatrosses (Diomedeidae) have higher Hg burdens than all other avian families. Here, we measure total Hg (THg) concentrations of body feathers from adult grey-headed albatrosses (<i>Thalassarche chrysostoma</i>) at South Georgia. Specifically, we: (i) analyse temporal trends at South Georgia (1989–2013) and make comparisons with other breeding populations; (ii) identify factors driving variation in THg concentrations; and, (iii) examine relationships with breeding success. Mean ± SD feather THg concentrations were 13.0 ± 8.0 µg g<sup>-1</sup> dw, which represents a threefold increase over the past 25 years at South Georgia and is the highest recorded in the <i>Thalassarche</i> genus. Foraging habitat, inferred from stable isotope ratios of carbon (<i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C), significantly influenced THg concentrations – feathers moulted in Antarctic waters had far lower THg concentrations than those moulted in subantarctic or subtropical waters. THg concentrations also increased with trophic level (<i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N), reflecting the biomagnification process. There was limited support for the influence of sex, age and previous breeding outcome on feather THg concentrations. However, in males, Hg exposure was correlated with breeding outcome – failed birds had significantly higher feather THg concentrations than successful birds. These results provide key insights into the drivers and consequences of Hg exposure in this globally important albatross population.</p>
Atlantic walrus signal latitudinal differences in the long-term decline of sea ice-derived carbon to benthic fauna in the Canadian Arctic
<p>Climate change is altering the biogeochemical and physical characteristics of the Arctic marine environment, which impacts sea ice algal and phytoplankton bloom dynamics and the vertical transport of these carbon sources to benthic communities. Little is known about whether the contribution of sea ice-derived carbon to benthic fauna and nitrogen cycling has changed over multiple decades in concert with receding sea ice. We combined compound-specific stable isotope analysis of amino acids with highly-branched isoprenoid diatom lipid biomarkers using archived (1982-2016) tissue of benthivorous Atlantic walrus to examine temporal trends of sea ice-derived carbon, nitrogen isotope baseline and trophic position of Atlantic walrus at high- and mid-latitudes in the Canadian Arctic. Associated with an 18% sea ice decline in the mid-Arctic, sea ice-derived carbon contribution to Atlantic walrus decreased by 75% suggesting a strong decoupling of sea ice-benthic habitats. In contrast, a nearly exclusive amount of sea ice-derived carbon was maintained in high-Arctic Atlantic walrus (98% in 1996 and 89% in 2006) despite a similar percentage in sea ice reduction. Nitrogen isotope baseline or the trophic position of Atlantic walrus did not change over time at either location. These findings indicate spatial differences in the restructuring of carbon energy sources utilized by Atlantic walrus and their benthic prey and in turn, a change in Arctic marine ecosystem functioning between sea ice-pelagic-benthic habitats.</p>
Impacts of recurrent dry and wet years alter long-term tree growth trajectories
<p>Climate extremes, such as abnormally dry and wet conditions, generate abrupt shifts in tree growth, a situation which is expected to increase under predicted climate conditions. Thus, it is crucial to understand factors determining short- and long-term tree performance in response to higher frequency and intensity of climate extremes.</p> <p>We evaluated how three successive droughts and wet years influenced short- and long -term growth of six dominant Iberian tree species. Within species variation in growth response to repeated dry and wet years was evaluated as a function of individual traits related to resource and water use (diameter at breast height (DBH), wood density (WD) and specific leaf area (SLA)) and tree-to-tree competition across climatically contrasted populations. Furthermore, we assessed how short-term accumulated impacts of the repeated dry and wet years influenced long-term growth performance.</p> <p>All species showed strong short-term growth decreases and enhancements due to repeated dry and wet years. However, patterns of accumulated growth decreases (AcGD) and enhancements (AcGE) across climatically contrasting populations were species-specific. Furthermore, individual trait data were weakly associated to either AcGD or AcGE and the few relevant associations were found for conifers. Intraspecific variations in tree growth responses to repeated climates extremes were large, and not explained by intraspecific variability in SLA and WD. Accumulated impacts of repeated dry and wet years were related to long-term growth trends, showing how the recurrence of climate extremes can determine growth trajectories. The relationships of AcGD and AcGE with long-term growth trends were more common in conifers species.</p> <p>Synthesis. Repeated climate extremes do not only cause short-term growth reductions and enhancements, but also determine long-term tree growth trajectories. This result shows how repeated droughts can lead to growth decline. Conifers were more susceptible to the accumulated effects of extreme weather events indicating that in the future, more intense and frequent climate extremes will alter growth performance in forests dominated by these species.</p>
Positive long-term impacts of restoration on soils in an experimental urban forest
<p>As urbanization increases worldwide, so too are investments in nature-based solutions that aim to mitigate urban stressors and counter the impacts of global climate change. Tree planting on degraded urban lands—or afforestation—is one form of nature-based solution that has been increasingly implemented in cities around the world. The benefits of afforestation are, however, contingent on the capacity of soils to support the growth of planted trees, which poses a challenge in some urban settings where unfavorable soil conditions limit tree performance. Soil-focused site treatments could help urban areas overcome impediments to afforestation, yet few studies have examined the long-term (> 5 years) effects of site treatments on soils and other management objectives. We analyzed the impacts of compost amendments, interplanting with shrubs, and tree species composition (six species vs. two species) on soil conditions and associated tree growth in 54 experimental afforestation plots in New York City, USA. We compared baseline soil conditions to conditions after six years and examined changes in the treatment effects from one to six years. Site treatments and tree planting increased soil microbial biomass, water holding capacity, and total carbon and nitrogen and reduced soil pH and bulk density relative to baseline conditions. These changes were most pronounced in compost-amended plots, and the effects of the shrub and species composition treatments were minimal. In fact, compost was key to sustaining long-term changes in soil carbon stocks, which increased by 17% in compost-amended plots but declined in unamended plots. Plots amended with compost also had 59% more nitrogen than unamended plots, which was associated with a 20% increase in the basal area of planted trees. Improvements in soil conditions after six years departed from the initial trends observed after one year, highlighting the importance of longer-term studies to quantify restoration success. Altogether, our results show that site treatments and tree planting can have long-lasting impacts on soil conditions and that these changes can support multiple urban land management objectives.</p>
Data from: Quantifying genotype x environment effects in long-term common wheat yield trials from an agroecologically diverse production region
Multienvironment trials (METs) are used to investigate the performance of crop genotypes. To efficiently generate reliable performance estimates, the magnitude and patterns of genotype × environment interaction (G×E) in MET data must be known. We quantified G×E in fall-planted common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in California, with the goal of increasing the reliability and efficiency of statewide variety testing activities. Linear mixed models and the genotype main effects plus G×E interaction effects (GGE) biplot method were used to analyze MET data for 211 common wheat genotypes, the MET consisted of 9 locations and 14 seasons. The representativeness and discriminating power of the MET locations were tested, and estimates of the optimum number of test locations were made. The analyses did not find evidence for significant, repeatable, crossover G×E. The genotype and G×E effects were of a similar magnitude, and the G×E effects were relatively strong compared with other sources of variance but were dominated by seasonal effects, with potentially repeatable genotype-by-location (G×L) effects being relatively weak. The GGE analyses did not detect repeatable G×L patterns across seasons. As a result, we conclude that the cereal production regions of California consist of a single, but unstable, mega-environment for common wheat grain yield. The test location evaluation found few significant differences between test locations in terms of how well they represent the target production environment. We estimate that the number of test locations could be reduced while maintaining trial accuracy, which would improve the resource use efficiency of statewide trial activities without sacrificing information about variety-specific common wheat yield performance.
Data from: Long-term evaluation of fitness and demographic effects of a Chinook salmon supplementation program
While the goal of supplementation programs is to provide positive, population-level effects for species of conservation concern, these programs can also present an inherent fitness risk when captive-born individuals are fully integrated into the natural population. In order to evaluate the long-term effects of a supplementation program and estimate the demographic and phenotypic factors influencing the fitness of a threatened population of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), we genotyped tissue samples spanning a 19-year period (1998-2016) to generate pedigrees from adult fish returning to Johnson Creek, Idaho USA. We expanded upon previous estimates of relative reproductive success (RRS) to include two full generations and used generalized linear models to determine if origin (hatchery or natural) or phenotypic traits (timing of arrival to spawning grounds, body length, and age) significantly predicted reproductive success (RS) across multiple years. Our results provide evidence that this supplementation program with 100% natural-origin broodstock provided a long-term demographic boost to the population (mean of 4.56 times in the 1st generation and mean of 2.52 times in the 2nd generation). Overall when spawning in nature, hatchery-origin fish demonstrated a trend towards lower RS compared to natural-origin fish (p<0.05). However, when hatchery-origin fish successfully spawned with natural-origin fish, they had similar RS compared to natural by natural crosses (1st generation mean hatchery by natural cross RRS = 1.11 females, 1.13 males; 2nd generation mean hatchery by natural cross RRS = 1.03 females, 1.08 males). While origin, return year, and body length were significant predictors of fitness for both males and females (p<0.05), return day was significant for males but not females (p>0.05). These results indicate that supplementation programs that reduce the potential for genetic adaptation to captivity can be effective at increasing population abundance while limiting long-term fitness effects on wild populations.
Data from: High virulence sub-populations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa long-term cystic fibrosis airway infections
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa typically displays loss of virulence-associated secretions over the course of chronic cystic fibrosis infections. This has led to the suggestion that virulence is a costly attribute in chronic infections. However, previous reports suggest that overproducing (OP) virulent pathotypes can coexist with non-producing mutants in the CF lung for many years. The consequences of such within-patient phenotypic diversity for the success of this pathogen are not fully understood. Here, we provide in-depth quantification of within-host variation in the production of three virulence associated secretions in the Liverpool cystic fibrosis epidemic strain of P. aeruginosa, and investgate the effect of this phenotypic variation on virulence in acute infections of an insect host model. Results: Within-patient variation was present for all three secretions (pyoverdine, pyocyanin and LasA protease). In two out of three patients sampled, OP isolates coexisted with under-producing mutants. In the third patient, all 39 isolates were under-producers of all three secretions relative to the transmissible ancestor LESB58. Finally, this phenotypic variation translated into variation in virulence in an insect host model. Conclusions: Within population variation in the production of P. aeruginosa virulence-associated secretions can lead to high virulence sub-populations persisting in patients with chronic CF infections.
Data from: Beyond novelty effect: a mixed-methods exploration into the motivation for long-term activity tracker use
Objectives: Activity trackers hold the promise to support people in managing their health through quantified measurements about their daily physical activities. Monitoring personal health with quantified activity tracker-generated data provides patients with an opportunity to self-manage their health. Many activity tracker user studies have been conducted within short time frames, however, which makes it difficult to discover the impact of the activity tracker's novelty effect or the reasons for the device's long-term use. This study explores the impact of novelty effect on activity tracker adoption and the motivation for sustained use beyond the novelty period. Materials and Methods: This study uses a mixed-methods approach that combines both quantitative activity tracker log analysis and qualitative one-on-one interviews to develop a deeper behavioral understanding of 23 Fitbit device users who have used their trackers for at least two months (range of use = 69 - 1073 days). Results: Log data from users' Fitbit devices revealed two stages in their activity tracker use: the novelty period and the long-term use period. The novelty period for Fitbit users in this study was approximately three months, during which they might have discontinued using their devices. Discussion: The qualitative interview data identified various factors that motivate users to continuously use Fitbit devices in different stages. The discussion of these results provides design implications to guide future development of activity tracking technology. Conclusion: This study reveals important dynamics emerging over long-term activity tracker use, contributes new knowledge to consumer health informatics and human-computer interaction, and offers design implications to guide future development of similar health-monitoring technologies that better account for long-term use in support of patient care and health self-management.
Data from: Evidence for long-term shift in plant community composition under decadal experimental warming
Summary: 1. Long-term, slow ecological processes such as changes in plant community structure and composition strongly regulate ecosystem responses to climate change. Shifts in plant community are expected in chronically altered environments under warming. However, experimental evidence for long-term shifts and the associated mechanisms is still scarce in temperate grasslands. 2. Here, we explore the long-term responses of a prairie plant community to 14-year (2000-2013) manipulations of climate warming and clipping in Oklahoma, USA. Infrared heaters were used to elevate soil temperature by about 2 ºC all year round and annual clipping was applied to mimic hay harvest. 3. Community composition was resistant to experimental warming in the first seven years, but started to show responses starting from the eighth year; clipping consistently affected community composition over the years. Compositional change under long-term warming was mainly due to one invasive species and three dominant species. The negative correlations in relative abundance between the invasive species and the dominant species suggest inter-specific competition. Community structure (i.e., richness, evenness and diversity) had no overall response to experimental warming. However, in 2007, the extreme wet year, warming reduced species richness by 30%. Clipping promoted species richness by 10% on average over the 14 years but decreased community evenness. Warming did not interact with clipping in influencing the plant community variables. 4. Synthesis: Our study provides experimental evidence for long-term shifts in plant community composition due to warming and revealed novel mechanisms (i.e., species invasion and associated biotic interactions) underlying the long-term shift. The results also suggest that climate extremes may elicit or advance community responses to climate warming. The findings highlight that long-term climate change experiments are essential to reveal potential shifts in community composition.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.