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openother-openApr 2020View details →

Adverse childhood experiences, depressive symptoms, functional dependence, and physical activity: A moderated mediation model

This release contains R scripts to analyze the links between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), depression, functional dependence, and physical activity, using the SHARE panel data survey.

opencc-by-4.0May 2020View details →

Data: Size-dependent patterns of cell proliferation and migration in freely-expanding epithelia

Raw images ('*.tif" file extensions) and core measurement files ('*.mat file extension). For small and large circles, we include images of phase, GFP, RFP, and nuclei. We also include two ellipses in phase. '<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/f94dc36b-aa3a-40f5-800a-035282fdfad7/t0SummaryStats.mat">t0SummaryStats.mat</a>' gives information for the starting conditions of tissues represented by the '<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/f94dc36b-aa3a-40f5-800a-035282fdfad7/PIVunsmoothed.mat">PIVunsmoothed.mat</a>' and '<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/f94dc36b-aa3a-40f5-800a-035282fdfad7/Kymographs.mat">Kymographs.mat</a>' datasets. '<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/f94dc36b-aa3a-40f5-800a-035282fdfad7/ContinuityEqn_FVM.m">ContinuityEqn_FVM.m</a>' includes the solution to the continuity equation via the finite volume method as detailed in the materials and methods, and relies on data in '<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/f94dc36b-aa3a-40f5-800a-035282fdfad7/Kymographs.mat">Kymographs.mat</a>' and '<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/f94dc36b-aa3a-40f5-800a-035282fdfad7/t0SummaryStats_continuityEqn.mat">t0SummaryStats_continuityEqn.mat</a>'.

Data from: Forest community assembly is driven by different strata-dependent mechanisms along an elevational gradient

Aim: The mechanisms driving forest community assembly along elevational gradients remain elusive. The distinct strata in heterogeneous forest are subject to differing assembly mechanisms. This study aims to evaluate how different ecological mechanisms driving forest community assembly across strata and spatial scales, and to identify how these assemblages respond to different abiotic or biotic variables along an elevational gradient. Location: Yulong Mountain within Hengduan Mountains, Southwest China. Taxon: Seed plants Methods: We sampled plant species along a 1200 m elevational gradient across forest strata (trees, shrubs and herbs) at different spatial scales (neighbourhood and community). We integrated phylogenetic and functional diversity to disentangle the roles of ecological mechanisms in structuring community assembly. We also determined the relative effects of climatic, soil and biotic variables and their interactions on these community assemblages. Results: The phylogenetic and functional diversity of trees was lower at the extremes of elevational gradient, where they were constrained by water availability or temperature. While communities with higher species diversity exhibited an overdispersed structure at mid-elevations. For shrubs, overdispersion was exhibited at high elevations despite low species richness, which could be consistent with facilitative interactions or competition exclusion. However, most communities of herbs appear to have a markedly random structure, despite some incongruence between phylogenetic divergence and functional convergence, as well as influences from overstory trees and local light conditions. The relative effects of abiotic variables on community structure were larger at the community scale than at the neighbourhood scale. Main conclusions: Our study emphasises the importance of considering phylogenies and traits in understanding the strata- and scale- dependent mechanisms of forest community assembly. Collectively, results indicate that contrasting assembly mechanisms interact across different strata along elevational gradients to shape diverse forest communities.

Supplementary material 5 from: Bieberich J, Feldhaar H, Lauerer M (2020) Micro-habitat and season dependent impact of the invasive Impatiens glandulifera on native vegetation. NeoBiota 57: 109-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.57.51331

Table S2. Abbreviations of species names as shown in Figure 5

Supplementary material 2 from: Bieberich J, Feldhaar H, Lauerer M (2020) Micro-habitat and season dependent impact of the invasive Impatiens glandulifera on native vegetation. NeoBiota 57: 109-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.57.51331

Maximum vegetation height in summer and spring

Supplementary material 10 from: Bieberich J, Feldhaar H, Lauerer M (2020) Micro-habitat and season dependent impact of the invasive Impatiens glandulifera on native vegetation. NeoBiota 57: 109-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.57.51331

Dataset environment and vegetation characteristics

Supplementary material 6 from: Bieberich J, Feldhaar H, Lauerer M (2020) Micro-habitat and season dependent impact of the invasive Impatiens glandulifera on native vegetation. NeoBiota 57: 109-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.57.51331

Figure S2. Micro-habitat specific impact of I. glandulifera on the resident vegetation

Supplementary material 9 from: Bieberich J, Feldhaar H, Lauerer M (2020) Micro-habitat and season dependent impact of the invasive Impatiens glandulifera on native vegetation. NeoBiota 57: 109-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.57.51331

Dataset plant cover

Supplementary material 1 from: Bieberich J, Feldhaar H, Lauerer M (2020) Micro-habitat and season dependent impact of the invasive Impatiens glandulifera on native vegetation. NeoBiota 57: 109-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.57.51331

Year-to-year changes in cover of Impatiens glandulifera

Supplementary material 8 from: Bieberich J, Feldhaar H, Lauerer M (2020) Micro-habitat and season dependent impact of the invasive Impatiens glandulifera on native vegetation. NeoBiota 57: 109-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.57.51331

Additional information: information on the published datasets

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2019View details →

Fusion-dependent formation of lipid nanoparticles containing macromolecular payloads

The success of Onpattro™ (patisiran) clearly demonstrates the utility of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) systems for enabling gene therapies. These systems are composed of ionizable cationic lipids, phospholipid, cholesterol, and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipids, and are produced through rapid-mixing of an ethanolic- lipid solution with an acidic aqueous solution followed by dialysis into neutralizing buffer. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of LNP formation is crucial to improving LNP design. Here we use cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence techniques to further demonstrate that LNP are formed through the fusion of precursor, pH-sensitive liposomes into large electron-dense core structures as the pH is neutralized. Next, we show that the fusion process is limited by the accumulation of PEGlipid on the emerging particle. Finally, we show that the fusion-dependent mechanism of formation also applies to LNP containing macromolecular payloads including mRNA, DNA vectors, and gold nanoparticles.

opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

Predation risk in relation to brain size in alternative prey of pygmy owls varies depending on the abundance of main prey

Large brains in prey may allow adoption of anti-predator behavior that facilitates escape. Prey species with relatively large brains have been shown to be less likely to fall prey to predators. This leads to the hypothesis that individuals that have been captured by predators on average should have smaller brains than sympatric individuals. We exploited the fact that Eurasian pygmy owls Glaucidium passerinum hoard small mammals and birds in cavities and nest-boxes for over-winter survival, allowing for comparison of the phenotype of prey with that of live conspecifics. In Northern Europe, main prey of pygmy owls are voles of the genera Myodes and Microtus , while forest birds and shrews are the most important alternative prey. Large fluctuations (amplitude 100-200-fold) in vole populations induce rapid numerical responses of pygmy owls in response to main prey populations, which in turn results in varying predation pressure on small birds. We found, weighed and measured 153 birds in food-stores of pygmy owls and mist-netted, weighed and measured 333 live birds of 12 species in central-western Finland during two autumns with low (2017) and high (2018) pygmy owl risk. In two autumns, individuals with large brains survived longer compared to individuals with small brains. Avian prey of pygmy owls had smaller heads than live birds in autumn 2018 when predation risk by pygmy owl was high, while a similar difference was not significant in 2017 when predation risk by pygmy owls was reduced. Finally, avian survivors were in better body condition than avian prey individuals. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that pygmy owls differentially prey on small birds that are in poor body condition and have small brains, and that predation risk imposed by pygmy owls on small birds in boreal forests varies depending on the abundance of the main prey (voles).

opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

Age-dependent phenological plasticity in a wild bird

Life-history traits are often plastic in response to environmental factors such as temperature or precipitation, and they also vary with age in many species. Trait variation during the lifetime could thus be partly driven by age-dependent plasticity in these traits. We study whether plasticity of a phenological trait – the egg-laying date – with respect to spring temperature, varies with age, and explore whether this variation relates to changes in breeding success throughout the life cycle. We use data from a four-decade long-term monitoring of a wild population of blue tits in Corsica to estimate age-dependent plasticity of reproductive phenology and annual reproductive success. We show that both laying date plasticity and annual reproductive success vary with age: young and old females are less plastic, and fledge fewer offspring, than middle-age females. Furthermore, in contrast to young and prime-age females, in old females fledging success does not depend on laying date. 5. Phenological plasticity is a major mechanism for coping with rapid environmental variation. Our results suggest that understanding its role in adaptation to climate change and population persistence requires integrating the age structure of the population.

opencc-zeroDec 2019View details →

Size-dependent male mating tactics and their morphological correlates in Poecilia gillii

Male alternative reproductive strategies are found in some species of most major animal taxa, but are especially widespread in fishes. Mature males of the shortfin molly, Poecilia gillii, display extensive variation in size and morphology. We devised a field test of a priori hypotheses regarding the interrelationships between male size, colouration, morphology, and mating tactics. Males did not occur in discrete size classes, but instead occurred in a size and morphological continuum. Large males exhibited darker and more orange coloured dorsal and caudal fins, while small males exhibited lighter and more inconspicuous fin colouration. Furthermore, larger males had proportionately deeper bodies, larger dorsal and caudal fins, and shorter gonopodia than smaller males. Our field study of male mating behaviour revealed a lack of courtship in this species, and similar levels of mating attempts (gonopodial thrusts) irrespective of male size. Instead, small males were significantly more likely to chase females than were large males. In contrast, large males exhibited higher rates of gonoporal nibbling (a likely means by which males determine, through chemical factors, whether a female is carrying fertilizable ova) and higher likelihood of chasing other males away. In total, we found evidence for the predicted associations between male size, colouration, morphology and mating behaviour – associations that appear likely to maximize mating success for males of a given body size and phenotype.

opencc-zeroSep 2020View details →

Species responses to changing precipitation depends on trait plasticity rather than trait means and intraspecific variation

1. Trait-based approaches are key to develop mechanistic understanding of differences in plant species performance under environmental change. While mean trait values have been widely used to link functional traits to species performance, the contribution of intraspecific trait variation and trait plasticity remains unclear. Moreover, environmentally induced changes in species biomass is caused by changes in the number of individuals and individual growth rate, both of which should be influenced by trait differences and plasticity. Our goal in this study is to use trait-based information to explain species performance via changes in species abundance and individual weight. 2. We measured the mean, intraspecific variation and plasticity of nine aboveground plant traits, and a further three mean root traits of ten common species in a precipitation manipulation experiment in semiarid grassland. We used this trait information to explain differences in the responses of species biomass, abundance and mean individual weight to changing precipitation. Species responses were calculated as the normalized slopes of the regressions between species biomass, abundance and individual weight with the manipulated precipitation amount. 3. We found strong differences in species responses to changing precipitation for species biomass, abundance and mean individual weight. Reduced precipitation decreased biomass, abundance and mean individual weight for some species, but increased them for others. Biomass and mean individual weight of species with resource-acquisitive traits, such as shallow rooted species, showed stronger positive responses to changing precipitation compared to resource-conservative traits, like those with deep roots. For aboveground traits, trait plasticity was the strongest predictor of species responses compared to mean traits and intraspecific trait variation. In addition, trait plasticity regulated changes in species biomass more via changes in species abundance than mean individual weight. 4. These results indicate that trait plasticity is a key driver for determining species specific responses to changing precipitation and needs more consideration for understanding and predicting ecosystem structure and functioning in future climate scenarios.

opencc-zeroSep 2020View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Klinger YP, Eckstein RL, Horlemann D, Otte A, Ludewig K (2020) Germination of the invasive legume Lupinus polyphyllus depends on cutting date and seed morphology. NeoBiota 60: 79-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.60.56117

Model Tables

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2020View details →

Investigation of the concentration- and temperature-dependent motion of colloidal nanoparticles

Although the motion of a single nanoparticle suspended in a fluid can be easily modeled, things get complicated for non-infinitely diluted systems. Coincidentally, these are the systems of interest in relevant fields such as, nanomedicine, microfluidics and miniaturized energy storage devices. Hence, a better understanding of the dynamics of colloidal nanoparticles is utterly needed. Herein, the motion of colloidal suspension of plasmonic nanoparticles (i.e., gold nanoshells) is investigated via laser speckle imaging. The method relies on the analysis of the speckle pattern generated by colloidal suspensions forced to flow at specific velocities. Temperature-dependent measurements corroborated that the dynamics of non-infinitely diluted nanoparticle suspensions are better described through a diffusive model rather than by the equipartition theorem. Under the tested experimental conditions, an average diffusion velocity between 0.37 and 1.57 mm s−1 was found. Most importantly, these values were largely dependent on the nanoparticle concentration. These results are in agreement with previous reports and indicate the existence of long-range interactions between nanoparticles.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2020View details →

Energy Balance and Time Dependence of a Magnetotail Electron Diffusion Region

The data sets and python notebook included are for a submitted manuscript to the Journal of Geophysical Review: Space Physics. An IDL save file has also been included which contains variables from a reconstruction of the event in the manuscript.  The time variable in tt2000.  Other variables are in units of nW/m^3 by default.     The purpose of the work is to determine how electromagnetic energy is converted into plasma energy in the electron diffusion region of magnetic reconnection.  Using both spacecraft data and simulations, we investigate how the terms in Poynting's theorem change as reconnection begins and evolves in time.

opencc-zeroSep 2020View details →

Data from: Context-dependent consequences of colour biases in a social fish

Colourful visual signals can provide receivers with valuable information about food, danger, and the quality of social partners. However, the value of the information that colour provides varies depending on the situation, and colour may even act as a sensory trap where signals that evolved under one context are exploited in another. Despite some elegant early work on colour as a sensory trap, few empirical studies have examined how colour biases may vary depending on context and under which situations biases can be overridden. Here, using Neolamprologus pulcher, a highly social cichlid fish from Lake Tanganyika, we conducted a series of experiments to determine colour biases and investigate the effects of these biases under different contexts. We found that N. pulcher interacted the most with yellow items and the least with blue items. These biases were maintained during a foraging-based associative learning assay, with fish trained using yellow stimuli performing better than those trained using blue stimuli. However, these differences in learning performance did not extend to reversal learning; fish were equally capable of forming new associations regardless of the colour they were initially trained on. Finally, in a social choice assay, N. pulcher did not display a stronger preference for conspecifics whose yellow facial markings had been artificially enhanced. Together, these findings suggest that the influence of colour biases varies under different contexts and support the situational dependency of colour functions.