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3,709 results for “urbanization.”
Detectable urbanization effect in observed surface air temperature data series in Pyongyang region, DPR Korea-Supporting Information-data
<p>This is the calculated dataset as supplemental information of a paper entitled "Detectable urbanization effect in observed surface air temperature data series in Pyongyang region, DPR Korea", which will be likely published in Geophysical Research Letters.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Improving safe motherhood and neonatal care in urban slums of Bangladesh
<p>Data set</p>
Model and observational dataset used in Tsiringakis, A. , Holtslag, A.A.M., Grimmond, S. and Steeneveld, G.J. Surface and atmospheric driven variability of the single-layer urban canopy model under clear sky conditions over London, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
<p>This dataset contains:</p> <p>- Model output from the single-column version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model v3.8.1.</p> <p>- Observations from the KSSW tower (King's College London, United Kingdom) used for model evaluation.</p> <p>- The Single-column Urban Boundary Layer Inter-comparison Model Experiment (SUBLIME) case study description and external forcing file for the single-column version of Weather Research and Forecasting model.</p> <p>This dataset is used in :</p> <p>~Tsiringakis, A., Holtslag, A.A.M., Grimmond, S. and Steeneveld, G.J. Surface and atmospheric driven variability of the single-layer urban canopy model under clear sky conditions over London. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</p>
Coral community composition and carbonate production in an urbanized seascape
<p>Survey data in PRIMER format</p>
Supporting data for "Reducing uncertainties in urban drainage models by explicitly accounting for timing errors in objective functions"
<p>Supporting data for "Reducing uncertainties in urban drainage models by explicitly accounting for timing errors in objective functions" submitted to Water Resources Research.</p> <p>Contains:</p> <ul> <li>SWMM template files.</li> <li>Objective function values for all model runs.</li> <li>Jupyter Notebooks used to create figures and tables for the article.</li> <li>Copy of rainfall runoff data available from <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3931582">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3931582</a></li> </ul> <p>For python implementations of the Hydrograph Matching Algorithm (Ewen 2011) see <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3923792">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3923792</a></p> <p>Ewen, John. “Hydrograph Matching Method for Measuring Model Performance.” <em>Journal of Hydrology</em> 408, no. 1–2 (September 2011): 178–87. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.07.038">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.07.038</a>.</p>
Climate-relevant urban canopy parameter measurements in Kampala, Uganda.
<p>Raw dataset containing climate-relevant urban canopy parameter measurements obtained during the fieldwork exercise in July-August 2018, Kampala, Uganda. The data can be translated to high-resolution, detailed input fields for urban parametrisation schemes coupled to regional climate models.</p>
Data for the parameterization of radiative transfer processes in urban climate models
<p><em>Radiative Transfer</em> <em>Model</em> (RTM) is a key component in microscale building resolving urban climate models (<em>UCM</em>), which are used to simulate the flow within urban area. We use different parameterizations of RTMs in the model system <a href="https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/13/1335/2020/gmd-13-1335-2020.html">PALM</a> version 6.0 to show how much detail modellers should include in their simulation.</p> <p>We introduce the output PALM model results for two examples: (1) A simplified urban geometry consisting of an urban crossing (UC) and (2) a realistic urban domain located at the town square Ernst-Reuter-Platz in Charlottenburg in Berlin (ER). The netCDF files contain the radiative flux received by each surface in the domains, including the shortwave (direct and diffuse) radiation as well as the longwave radiation. Also, the data set includes the 3D flow variables (<em>u</em>, <em>v</em>, <em>w</em>) and the potential temperature. The model drivers (input data) for both examples are included as well.</p> <p>The data set consists of the following model input/output data:</p> <p>1) Simplified urban domain (UC):</p> <ul> <li>Input driver for the model PALM for UC (UC_model_driver.tar.gz)</li> <li>Radiation fluxes for UC when using RTM_01: radiation for horizontal surfaces (UC_RTM_01.nc)</li> <li>Radiation fluxes for UC when using RTM_02: sky view effect (building shadows) (UC_RTM_02.nc)</li> <li>Radiation fluxes for UC when using RTM_03: vegetation interaction with SW radiation (UC_RTM_03.nc)</li> <li>Radiation fluxes for UC when using RTM_04: receiving radiation from surface emission (UC_RTM_04.nc)</li> <li>Radiation fluxes for UC when using RTM_05: vegetation interaction with LW radiation (UC_RTM_05.nc)</li> <li>Radiation fluxes for UC when using RTM_06: single reflection (UC_RTM_06.nc)</li> <li>Radiation fluxes for UC when using RTM_07: vegetation interaction with reflected radiation (UC_RTM_07.nc)</li> <li>Radiation fluxes for UC when using RTM_08: multiple reflections (UC_RTM_08.nc)</li> <li>3D data for the UC reference case which includes u,v,w,theta</li> </ul> <p>2) Realistic urban domain (ER):</p> <ul> <li>Input driver for the model PALM for ER (ER_model_driver)</li> <li>Radiation fluxes for ER when using RTM_01: radiation for horizontal surfaces (ER_RTM_01.nc)</li> <li>Radiation fluxes for ER when using RTM_02: sky view effect (building shadows) (ER_RTM_02.nc)</li> <li>Radiation fluxes for ER when using RTM_03: vegetation interaction with SW radiation (ER_RTM_03.nc)</li> <li>Radiation fluxes for ER when using RTM_04: receiving radiation from surface emission (ER_RTM_04.nc)</li> <li>Radiation fluxes for ER when using RTM_05: vegetation interaction with LW radiation (ER_RTM_05.nc)</li> <li>Radiation fluxes for ER when using RTM_06: single reflection (ER_RTM_06.nc)</li> <li>Radiation fluxes for ER when using RTM_07: vegetation interaction with reflected radiation (ER_RTM_07.nc)</li> <li>Radiation fluxes for ER when using RTM_08: multiple reflections (ER_RTM_08.nc)</li> <li>3D data for the ER reference case which includes u,v,w,theta</li> </ul> <p>For more information and analysis, please check out the relevant publication in the international journal Geoscientific Model Development: Salim et. al, Importance of radiative transfer processes in urban climate models:A study based on the PALM model system 6.0, submitted to GMD.</p>
WASHTREET - Hydraulic, wash-off and sediment transport experimental data obtained in an urban drainage physical model
<p><strong>WASHTREET</strong><strong> -</strong> <strong>Hydraulic, wash-off and sediment transport experimental data obtained in an urban drainage physical model.</strong></p> <p>This dataset contains the results from the tests carried out at a laboratory physical model in the Hydraulic Laboratory of the Centre for Technological Innovation in Construction and Civil Engineering (CITEEC) at the University of A Coruña (Spain) as part of the <a href="https://zenodo.org/communities/washtreet">WASHTREET project</a>. The objective of the project is to perform a series of high-resolution experiments where urban surface wash-off and sediment transport through gully pots and pipes were accurately measured in laboratory-controlled conditions in a separate drainage system.</p> <p>The experimental facility is a 36 m2 full-scale street section and consists of a rainfall simulator placed over a concrete street surface with two gully pots that drain runoff into an underground pipe system. Further details of the physical model are provided in ‘1_Physical_model_description.pdf’. Two zip files with rain intensity distributions (‘2_Rain_intensity_maps.zip’) and model topographies (‘3_Elevation_data.zip’) complete physical model information as accurately measured inputs for hydraulic, wash-off and sediment transport experiments. ‘4_Hydraulic_tests_description.pdf’ describes experimental procedure, equipment, measuring points, results and data set files of the hydraulic characterization of the experiments. Data regarding these hydraulic tests is included in ‘5_Hydraulic_tests.zip’. In these tests, flow in both gully pots and in the pipe system outlet, and a total of 6 surface and 6 pipe depths were measured by ultrasound distance sensors for the different simulated rains.</p> <p>‘6_Washoff_tests_description.pdf’ includes information of the experimental initial conditions, the different sediment granulometries used, measuring points, experimental procedure and result files regarding wash-off and sediment transport experiments. Data files of a total of 23 tests are included in ‘7_Wash-off_tests.zip’. In these experiments, an initial mass of sediment is distributed over the model surface, and the wash-off and sediment transport processes are measured during a steady and uniform rainfall by total suspended solids (TSS) and particle size distribution (PSD) samples at the entrance of gully pots and at the pipe system outlet. Online turbidity measurements at pipe system outlet, pipe depths and flow at pipe system outlet are also measured during the experiments. Results regarding mass balances, which are performed at the end of the experiment to assess the final distribution of sediments, are also included. At last, some relevant photos and videos taken during the experiments are provided in ‘8_Multimedia.zip’. </p> <p>Flow measurements have been used in Naves et al. (2019) (DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.05.003">10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.05.003</a>), together with the related datasets <a href="http://www.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3239401">WASHTREET - PIV data</a> and <a href="http://www.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3241337">WASHTREET - Structure from Motion data</a>, to calibrate a 2D shallow water model.</p> <p>The WASHTREET project is being developed in the scope of the PhD thesis of the first author, which is in receipt of a Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities predoctoral grant [FPU14/01778]. The project also receive funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities under POREDRAIN project RTI2018-094217-B-C33 (MINECO/FEDER-EU)</p> <p> </p> <p>Derived publications:</p> <ul> <li>Naves, J., Anta, J., Suárez, J., & Puertas, J. (2020). Hydraulic, wash-off and sediment transport experiments in a full-scale urban drainage physical model. <em>Scientific Data</em>, <em>7</em>(1), 1-13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0384-z">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0384-z</a></li> <li>Naves, J., Rieckermann, J., Cea, L., Puertas, J., & Anta, J. (2020). Global and local sensitivity analysis to improve the understanding of physically-based urban wash-off models from high-resolution laboratory experiments. <em>Science of The Total Environment</em>, <em>709</em>, 136152. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136152">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136152</a></li> <li>Naves, J., Anta, J., Puertas, J., Regueiro-Picallo, M., & Suárez, J. (2019). Using a 2D shallow water model to assess Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV) and Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques in a street-scale urban drainage physical model. <em>Journal of Hydrology</em>, <em>575</em>, 54-65. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.05.003">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.05.003</a></li> <li>Naves, J., Anta, J., Suárez, J., & Puertas, J. (2020). Development and Calibration of a New Dripper-Based Rainfall Simulator for Large-Scale Sediment Wash-Off Studies. <em>Water</em>, <em>12</em>(1), 152. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010152">https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010152</a></li> </ul>
Coastal plain stream carbon export and dissolved oxygen concentrations across a gradient of urbanization
<p>This dataset contains carbon quality data from ten coastal plain streams in North Carolina, USA spanning a gradient of urbanization and carbon export, stream discharge, and dissolved oxygen concentration data from a subset of five streams. See the spreadsheet "metadata.csv" for information about units. Methodology and site descriptions will be made available once the manuscript using these data is published (currently in press) or by request.</p>
BCN Dataset: an Annotated Night Urban Sounds dataset
<p>This dataset contains 363 minutes and 53 seconds of real-world audio recordings made at the city center of Barcelona. The dataset has been carefully labelled and is organized in three different audio files (.wav files) with their corresponding labels files. </p>
Ecological and social outcomes of urbanization in farming systems
<p>This dataset contains the data extracted for a systematic review on ecological and social outcomes of urbanization in farming systems. It is based on the papers selected after scooping and screeing done in February 2019.</p> <p>The file also contains the four factors- continents, national GDP per-capita, city/town population size and dominant farming systems of the cases which potentially influenced those ecological and social outcomes.</p>
Contemporary adaptive divergence of plant competitive traits in urban and rural populations and its implication for weed management
<p>1. Competition among neighboring plants plays essential roles in growth, reproduction, population dynamics, and community assembly, but how competition drives local adaptation and the traits underlying the adaptation remain unclear. Here, we focused on populations of the aggressive weed <i>Digitaria ciliaris</i> from urban and rural habitats as low- and high-competition environments for light resources and examined how competitive interaction drove contemporary adaptive divergence of competitive traits.</p> <p>2. To examine local adaptation to different competitive environments in <i>D. </i><i>ciliaris</i> and the specific traits that have been selected for, we compared growth rate and competitive traits in plants from farmland and urban populations between high- and low-competition treatments. Furthermore, we conducted a field tillage experiment with drone (UAV) monitoring to examine the possibility that trait evolution in farmland habitats might influence weed management practices in crop fields.</p> <p>3. Plants from farmland populations had higher growth rates than plants from urban populations in high-competition treatments, and vice versa in low-competition treatments. Among populations, those with larger height/width ratios (farmland populations) were more tolerant of aboveground competition in high-competition treatments, but among individuals, those with larger ratios had lower growth rates in low-competition treatments. More plants from farmland populations, which had thicker stems (and larger height/width ratios), survived after experimental tillage than plants from urban habitats with thinner stems.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our study empirically demonstrated adaptive divergence in competitive traits in aboveground competitors and its underlying traits. Moreover, contemporary adaptive divergence between urban and rural plant populations has practical implications for weed control. The urban–rural model system can thus contribute to both basic and applied research in plant evolutionary ecology. Further research is required to understand adaptive divergence in plants between urban and rural environments, and the traits underlying the adaptation, not only aboveground, but also belowground.</p>
Data from: Mapping phosphorus hotspots in Sydney's organic wastes: a spatially-explicit inventory to facilitate urban phosphorus recycling
Phosphorus is an essential element for food production whose main global sources are becoming scarce and expensive. Furthermore, losses of phosphorus throughout the food production chain can also cause serious aquatic pollution. Recycling urban organic waste resources high in phosphorus could simultaneously address scarcity concerns for agricultural producers who reply on phosphorus fertilisers, and waste managers seeking to divert waste from landfills to decrease environmental burdens. Recycling phosphorus back to agricultural lands however requires careful logistical planning to maximize benefits and minimize costs including, processing and transportation. The first step towards such analyses is quantifying recycling potential in a spatially-explicit way. Here we present such inventories and scenarios for the Greater Sydney Basin's recyclable phosphorus supply and agricultural demand. In 2011, there was fifteen times more phosphorus available in organic waste than agricultural demand for phosphorus in Sydney. Hypothetically, if future city residents shifted to a plant-based diet, eliminated edible food waste, and removed animal production in the Greater Sydney Basin, available phosphorus supply would decrease to 7.25 kt of phosphorus per year, even when accounting for population growth by 2031, and demand would also decrease to 0.40 kt of phosphorus per year. Creating a circular phosphorus economy for Sydney, in all scenarios considered, would require effective recycling strategies which include transport outside of the Greater Sydney Basin. These spatially explicit scenarios can be used as a tool to facilitate stakeholders engagement to identify opportunities and barriers for appropriate organic waste recycling strategies.
Adequate vitamin A liver stores estimated by the Modified-Relative Dose Response test are positively associated with breastfeeding but not vitamin A supplementation in Senegalese urban children 9-23 months old: a comparative cross-sectional study
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) in 6-59 month old children is recommended but its sustainability is currently questioned. In Senegal, data suggest that VAS should be maintained, but geographic and age-related specificities need to be addressed by gathering more evidence on the impact of this program. The objective of this comparative cross-sectional study, conducted in urban settings of Dakar, was to evaluate the effectiveness of VAS on vitamin A liver stores (VALS) among 9-23 month old children. The supplemented group (n = 119) received VAS (either 100 000 UI or 200 000 UI) 2 to 6 months before evaluation while the non-supplemented group (n = 110) had not received VAS during the past 6 months. VALS were assessed using the modified-relative dose response (MRDR) test. Serum retinol concentrations (SR) and biomarkers of subclinical inflammation were measured. Children's health-related data and feeding patterns were collected. Mean MRDR values (VAS: 0.030 ± 0.017, non-VAS: 0.028 ± 0.016, P = 0.39) and inflammation-adjusted SR (VAS: 1.34 ± 0.37, non-VAS: 1.3 ± 0.35, P = 0.51) of children were adequate. Low prevalence of VALS (VAS: 5.2%, non-VAS: 5.4%) and inflammation-adjusted VAD (VAS: 2.6%, non-VAS: 0.9%) were detected despite high presence of infections and inflammation. Children were mostly still being breastfed (VAS: 85.7%, non-VAS: 77.3%) and complementary feeding indicators were similar in both groups. Only breastfeeding was associated with VALS (adjusted OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07-0.8, P = 0.02). Based on MRDR values, VAS was not related to improved VALS and SR as well as VAD reduction among these children with adequate VALS. Reinforcing breastfeeding advocacy and morbidity prevention/control are essential in this setting. Scaling-back VAS in this subpopulation should be examined regarding the risk of hypervitaminosis A. However, an evaluation of dietary VA intake sufficiency and a more quantitative assessment of VALS should be prior considered.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data of seismic urban noise in the city of Hamburg, Germany 2018
<p>Use is free for scientific purposes, provided the aforementioned reference is appropriately cited.</p> <p>The dataset contains raw seismic data in mini-seed format which was used in the publication: doi will follow soon.</p> <p>The zip-file contains the raw data of three broadband stations and their inventories as xml-files. The recording time ranges from 2018-01-01 until 2018-04-19.</p> <p>The data presented here is partly funded through the German Research Foundation (DFG) under Germany‘s Excellence Strategy – EXC 2037 'CLICCS - Climate, Climatic Change, and Society' – Project Number: 390683824, and the Cluster of Excellence 'CliSAP' (EXC177), contribution to the Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN) of Universität Hamburg.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Accelerated epigenetic age and cognitive decline among urban-dwelling adults
Objectives. Epigenetic modifications are closely linked with aging, but their relationship with cognition remains equivocal. Given known sex differences in epigenetic aging, we explored sex-specific associations of three DNA methylation-based (DNAm) measures of epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) with baseline and longitudinal change in cognitive performance among middle-aged urban adults. Methods. We used exploratory data from a sub-group of participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study with complete DNA samples and whose baseline ages were >50.0y (2004-2009) to estimate three DNAm EAA measures: (A) universal epigenetic age acceleration (AgeAccel); (B) intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA) ; and (C) extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (EEAA). Cognitive performance was measured at baseline visit (2004-2009) and first follow-up (2009-2013) with 11 test scores covering global mental status and specific domains such as learning/memory, attention, visuo-spatial, psychomotor speed, language/verbal and executive function executive. A series of mixed-effects regression models were conducted adjusting for covariates and multiple testing (N=147-156, ~51% men, k=1.7-1.9 observations/participant, mean follow-up time~4.7y). Results. EEAA, a measure of both biological age and immunosenescence, was consistently associated with greater cognitive decline among men on tests of visual memory/visuo-constructive ability (Benton Visual Retention Test: γ11=0.0512±0.0176, p=0.004) and attention/processing speed (Trail making test, part A: γ11=0.219±0.080, p=0.007). AgeAccel and IEAA were not associated with cognitive change in this sample. Conclusions. EEAA capturing immune system cell aging was associated with faster decline among men in domains of attention and visual memory. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to replicate our findings.
Broader phenology of pollinator activity and higher plant reproductive success in an urban habitat compared to a rural one
<p>Datasets for 'Broader phenology of pollinator activity and higher plant reproductive success in an urban habitat compared to a rural one' by Zaninotto et al. (2020) in Ecology and Evolution.</p>
Figure 2 in Population structure of a native and an alien species of snail in an urban area of the Atlantic Rainforest
Figure 2. Detectability probability (A), abundance (B) and recruitment (C) estimated for Megalobulimus paranaguensis during the study. The error bars show 90% confidence intervals.
Figure 1 in Population structure of a native and an alien species of snail in an urban area of the Atlantic Rainforest
Figure 1. Study site location in Brazil (A; shown in rectangle) and in detail (B; shown in the rectangle), and study areas inside the study site (C; image from Google Earth).
Large eddy simulation over idealized urban terrain
<p>The data contains results from large eddy simulations over idealized urban topography.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.