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Dynamic changes in cortical Neurotrophic Factor-positive interneurons during sleep
<p>The Data provided is sufficient to replicate the analysis presented in "<strong><span>Dynamic changes in cortical </span><span>Neurotrophic Factor-positive interneurons</span><span> during sleep".</span></strong></p> <p><span>The data was collected using nVoke or nVista miniaturized microscopes (Inscopix/Brucker) and normalized by calculating dF/F0 where F0 is the mean over one imaging session. Each imaging session is normalized separately and then all sessions were concatenated (over 48h of the experiment). The cacium data then was synchronized with the EEG/EMG data, to obtain sleep stage information for the calcium data. To assure correct alignment, the raw data were timestamped when recording using TTLs.</span></p> <div> <h4>General Info on the Experiment</h4> <a href="https://github.com/christinemlmuheim/NDNF-INs-and-Sleep#general-info"></a></div> <p>Aim of the code is to analyze calcium activity of NDNF interneurons in layer 1 of V1 of mice over the 24h day and in different sleep stages. The data used to run this script contains timestamped and sleep-scored calcium recordings, aquired with nVoke or nVista systems from Inscopix/Bruker.</p> <div> <h4>Experimental Design:</h4> <a href="https://github.com/christinemlmuheim/NDNF-INs-and-Sleep#experimental-design"></a></div> <p>NDNF-cre mice were injected with a AAV-GECI, equipped with a cranial window over the injection site and EEG/EMG electrodes. For details, see the Manuscript Methods section.</p> <p>After adequate recovery time, animals were mounted with a baseplate to securely but reversibly attache the miniaturized microscope.</p> <p>Animals were recorded over 48h, whereof the first 24hrs were undisturbed (baseline, BL), followed by a 6h sleep deprivation (SD) and 18hrs recovery period. SD started at ZT0 when the lights were turned on.</p>
Dataset for the paper "Social support and avoidance explain positive and negative effects of emotion recognition ability on well-being in medical students"
<p>Full reference of the paprer TBD</p>
Table 1 in Molecular phylogeny and comparative morphology reveal the species validity and systematic position of Lepidodesma (Bivalvia: Unionidae)
<p><b>Table 1</b> Historical classification systems of the genus <i>Lepidodesma</i> in Unionidae</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Author</th><th>Subfamily</th><th>Tribe</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Heude (1874)</th><td>Unioninae</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Simpson (1896)</th><td>Unioninae</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Hass (1969)</th><td>Anodontinae</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Liu (1979)</th><td>Anodontinae</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Prozorova et al. (2005)</th><td>Anodontinae</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Huang et al. (2002)</th><td>Unioninae</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Graf and Cummings (2007)</th><td>Unioninae</td><td>Unionini</td></tr><tr><th>Zhou et al. (2016)</th><td>Unioninae</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Huang et al. (2019)</th><td>Unioninae</td><td>Lepidodesmini</td></tr><tr><th>Lopes-Lima et al. (2020)</th><td>Unioninae</td><td>Lepidodesmini</td></tr><tr><th>Graf and Cummings (2021)</th><td>Unioninae</td><td>Unionini</td></tr><tr><th><b>In this study</b></th><td>Unioninae</td><td>Lepidodesmini</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 3 in Molecular phylogeny and comparative morphology reveal the species validity and systematic position of Lepidodesma (Bivalvia: Unionidae)
<p><b>Table 3</b> Three-gene sequences used for species evolutionary analysis and corresponding GenBank numbers</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Taxa</b></th><th><b>COI</b></th><th><b>16S rRNA</b></th><th><b>28S rRNA</b></th></tr><tr><th>Unionidae Rafinesque, 1820</th></tr><tr><th>Unioninae Rafinesque, 1820</th></tr><tr><th>Anodontini Rafinesque, 1820</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><i>Pyganodon grandis</i> (Say, 1829)</th><td>AF231734</td><td>NC_013661</td><td>AF305384</td></tr><tr><th><i>Strophitus undulatus</i> (Say, 1817)</th><td>AF156505</td><td>AY238491</td><td>DQ191415</td></tr><tr><th><i>Platynaias compressa</i> (Lea, 1829)</th><td>AF156503</td><td>NC_015481</td><td>DQ191414</td></tr><tr><th><i>Anodonta anatina</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)</th><td>KX822632</td><td>NC_022803</td><td>KX822588</td></tr><tr><th><i>Anodonta cygnea</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)</th><td>KX822633</td><td>JQ253863</td><td>KX822589</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pseudanodonta complanata</i> (Rossmässler, 1835)</th><td>KX822661</td><td>JQ253868</td><td>KX822617</td></tr><tr><th>Cristariini Lopes-Lima, Bogan & Froufe, 2017 in Lopes-Lima et al., 2017a</th></tr><tr><th><i>Sinanodonta woodiana</i> (Lea, 1834)</th><td>HQ283346</td><td>HQ283346</td><td>MG595604</td></tr><tr><th><i>Sinanodonta tumens</i> (Haas, 1910)</th><td>LC519024</td><td>LC224015</td><td>LC519081</td></tr><tr><th><i>Cristaria plicata</i> (Leach, 1814)</th><td>NC_012716</td><td>NC_012716</td><td>MG595484</td></tr><tr><th><i>Anemina arcaeformis</i> (Heude, 1877)</th><td>NC_026674</td><td>NC_026674</td><td>MG595457</td></tr><tr><th>Lepidodesmini Huang et Wu, 2019 in Huang et al., 2019</th></tr><tr><th><i>Lepidodesma languilati</i> (Heude, 1874) SU 106</th><td>MG463016</td><td>AF389411</td><td>MG595543</td></tr><tr><th><i>Lepidodesma languilati</i> (Heude, 1874) SU 107</th><td>MG463015</td><td>AF389411</td><td>MG595544</td></tr><tr><th><i>Lepidodesma languilati</i> (Heude, 1874) SU 108</th><td>MG463017</td><td>AF389411</td><td>MG595545</td></tr><tr><th><i>Lepidodesma languilati</i> (Heude, 1874) 1 a</th><td>OQ880586</td><td>OQ881064</td><td>OQ881058</td></tr><tr><th><i>Lepidodesma languilati</i> (Heude, 1874) 2 a</th><td>OQ880587</td><td>OQ881065</td><td>OQ881059</td></tr><tr><th><i>Lepidodesma languilati</i> (Heude, 1874) 3 a</th><td>OQ880588</td><td>OQ881066</td><td>OQ881060</td></tr><tr><th><i>Lepidodesma aligera</i> (Heude, 1877) 1 a</th><td>OQ908914</td><td>OQ892281</td><td>OQ892278</td></tr><tr><th><i>Lepidodesma aligera</i> (Heude, 1877) 2 a</th><td>OQ908915</td><td>OQ892282</td><td>OQ892279</td></tr><tr><th>Ambleminae Rafinesque, 1820</th></tr><tr><th>Lampsilini Ihering, 1901</th></tr><tr><th><i>Potamilus alatus</i> (Say, 1817)</th><td>KP795037</td><td>KU559011</td><td>KP795019</td></tr><tr><th><i>Lampsilis cardium</i> Rafinesque, 1820</th><td>AF120653</td><td>KX713226</td><td>AF305386</td></tr><tr><th><i>Obliquaria reflexa</i> Rafinesque, 1820</th><td>GU085300</td><td>AY655055</td><td>AF400689</td></tr><tr><th><i>Truncilla truncata</i> Rafinesque, 1820</th><td>AF156513</td><td>AY655080</td><td>DQ191419</td></tr><tr><th>Pleurobemini Hannibal, 1912</th></tr><tr><th><i>Elliptio complanata</i> (Lightfoot, 1786)</th><td>EU448173</td><td>DQ094144</td><td>JF899181</td></tr><tr><th>Quadrulini Ihering, 1901</th></tr><tr><th><i>Quadrula quadrula</i> (Rafinesque, 1820)</th><td>AF156511</td><td>NC_013658</td><td>DQ191417</td></tr><tr><th>Margaritiferidae Henderson, 1929</th></tr><tr><th><i>Margaritifera margaritifera</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)</th><td>KX550089</td><td>KX550091</td><td>KX550093</td></tr><tr><th><i>Margaritifera dahurica</i> (Middendorff, 1850)</th><td>KJ161516</td><td>KJ943526</td><td>KT343747</td></tr></tbody></table><p><sup>aThe</sup> sequence from this study</p>
Fig. 3 in Molecular phylogeny and comparative morphology reveal the species validity and systematic position of Lepidodesma (Bivalvia: Unionidae)
Fig. 3 Schematic drawing for gene arrangement and structure characteristics of Lepidodesma aligera and Lepidodesma languilati. Protein-coding and tRNA genes are colored to show the difference and commonness of codon (and anti-codon) usage. Arabic numerals in the figure represent the length (bp) of the corresponding gene. Abbreviation of 22 tRNAs: H, tRNAHis; A, tRNAAla; S2, tRNASer2; S1,tRNA Ser1; E, tRNAGlu; M, tRNAMet; W, tRNATrp; R, tRNAArg; K,tRNA Lys; T, tRNAThr; Y, tRNATyr; L1, tRNALeu1; N, tRNAAsn; P,tRNA Pro; F, tRNAPhe; Q, tRNAGln; C, tRNACys; I, tRNAIle; V, tRNA Val; L2, tRNALeu2; G, tRNAGly; D, tRNAAsp
Positive mode DDA LC-MS/MS analysis of organic plant extracts (Malaga)
<p>Organic Plant extracts from Malaga resuspended in 8/2 MeOH/water and analysed on Exploris 480 in positive DDA mode.</p>
TABLE 2. Uncorrected p in Phylogenetic position, morphological data, call, and geographic distribution of the elusive treefrog Ololygon skuki (Hylidae: Hylinae: Scinaxini)
<p><b>TABLE 2.</b> Uncorrected p-distances (%) between the 16SrDNA gene fragment sequences for the <i>Ololygon argyreornata</i> group. See Araujo-Vieira <i>et al.</i> (2023: appendix S1) for the list of GenBank accession numbers and localities.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>Voucher</th><th>1</th><th>2</th><th>3</th><th>4</th><th>5</th><th>6</th><th>7</th><th>8</th><th>9</th><th>10</th><th>11</th><th>12</th><th>13</th><th>14</th><th>15</th><th>16</th><th>17</th><th>18</th><th>19</th><th>20</th><th>21</th><th>22</th><th>23</th><th>24</th><th>25</th><th>26</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>1</th><td><i>O. argyreornata</i> A CFBH 14991</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>2</th><td><i>O. argyreornata</i> B CFBH 32028</td><td>2.4</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>3</th><td><i>O. argyreornata</i> A CFBHt2199</td><td>0.2</td><td>2.6</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>4</th><td><i>O. argyreornata</i> A CFBHt2209</td><td>0.0</td><td>2.4</td><td>0.2</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>5</th><td><i>O. argyreornata</i> A CFBHt2212</td><td>0.0</td><td>3.2</td><td>0.3</td><td>0.0</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>6</th><td><i>O. argyreornata</i> A MNRJ 34915</td><td>0.2</td><td>2.6</td><td>0.4</td><td>0.2</td><td>0.3</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>7</th><td><i>O. argyreornata</i> A MNRJ 38399</td><td>0.0</td><td>2.4</td><td>0.2</td><td>0.0</td><td>0.0</td><td>0.2</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>8</th><td><b><i>O. skuki</i> CFBH 47968</b></td><td><b>12.9</b></td><td><b>11.7</b></td><td><b>13.1</b></td><td><b>12.9</b></td><td><b>14.8</b></td><td><b>12.9</b></td><td><b>12.9</b></td><td><b>-</b></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>9</th><td><b><i>O. skuki</i> MHNUFAL 12390</b></td><td><b>12.9</b></td><td><b>11.7</b></td><td><b>13.1</b></td><td><b>12.9</b></td><td><b>14.8</b></td><td><b>12.9</b></td><td><b>12.9</b></td><td><b>0.0</b></td><td><b>-</b></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>10</th><td><b><i>O. skuki</i> UFBA 10246</b></td><td><b>12.5</b></td><td><b>11.3</b></td><td><b>12.7</b></td><td><b>12.5</b></td><td><b>15.1</b></td><td><b>12.5</b></td><td><b>12.5</b></td><td><b>0.4</b></td><td><b>0.4</b></td><td><b>-</b></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>11</th><td><i>O.</i> sp. 2 CFBH19504</td><td>3.0</td><td>2.4</td><td>3.2</td><td>3.0</td><td>3.9</td><td>3.2</td><td>3.0</td><td><b>11.5</b></td><td><b>11.5</b></td><td><b>11.1</b></td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>12</th><td><i>O.</i> sp. 2 CFBH10902</td><td>3.2</td><td>2.4</td><td>3.4</td><td>3.2</td><td>4.0</td><td>3.4</td><td>3.2</td><td><b>11.6</b></td><td><b>11.6</b></td><td><b>11.1</b></td><td>1.5</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>13</th><td><i>O.</i> sp. 2 CFBH31021</td><td>3.2</td><td>2.6</td><td>3.4</td><td>3.2</td><td>4.1</td><td>3.4</td><td>3.2</td><td><b>11.9</b></td><td><b>11.9</b></td><td><b>11.4</b></td><td>1.5</td><td>1.1</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>14</th><td><i>O.</i> sp. 4 CFBH38367</td><td>4.3</td><td>4.1</td><td>4.5</td><td>4.3</td><td>5.6</td><td>4.5</td><td>4.3</td><td><b>13.2</b></td><td><b>13.2</b></td><td><b>12.8</b></td><td>3.0</td><td>3.3</td><td>3.5</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>15</th><td><i>O.</i> sp. 4 CFBH38892</td><td>4.3</td><td>4.1</td><td>4.5</td><td>4.3</td><td>5.6</td><td>4.5</td><td>4.3</td><td><b>13.2</b></td><td><b>13.2</b></td><td><b>12.8</b></td><td>3.0</td><td>3.3</td><td>3.5</td><td>0.0</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>16</th><td><i>O.</i> sp. 5 495</td><td>7.4</td><td>6.5</td><td>7.6</td><td>7.4</td><td>9.6</td><td>7.6</td><td>7.4</td><td><b>11.4</b></td><td><b>11.4</b></td><td><b>10.9</b></td><td>6.3</td><td>6.0</td><td>6.7</td><td>7.6</td><td>7.6</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>17</th><td><i>O.</i> sp. 5 CFBH32489</td><td>7.3</td><td>6.3</td><td>7.4</td><td>7.3</td><td>9.3</td><td>7.4</td><td>7.3</td><td><b>11.2</b></td><td><b>11.2</b></td><td><b>10.8</b></td><td>6.1</td><td>5.8</td><td>6.5</td><td>7.4</td><td>7.4</td><td>0.2</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>18</th><td><i>O.</i> sp. 5 MTR00285</td><td>6.5</td><td>6.1</td><td>6.7</td><td>6.5</td><td>8.6</td><td>6.7</td><td>6.5</td><td><b>11.0</b></td><td><b>11.0</b></td><td><b>10.2</b></td><td>5.6</td><td>5.6</td><td>6.0</td><td>6.9</td><td>6.9</td><td>2.8</td><td>2.6</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>19</th><td><i>O.</i> sp. 6 CFBH32106</td><td>9.1</td><td>7.4</td><td>9.3</td><td>9.1</td><td>11.2</td><td>9.3</td><td>9.1</td><td><b>12.5</b></td><td><b>12.5</b></td><td><b>11.6</b></td><td>7.6</td><td>7.6</td><td>7.4</td><td>8.7</td><td>8.7</td><td>8.4</td><td>8.5</td><td>8.5</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>20</th><td><i>O.</i> sp. 6 CFBH32110</td><td>9.1</td><td>7.4</td><td>9.3</td><td>9.1</td><td>11.2</td><td>9.3</td><td>9.1</td><td><b>12.5</b></td><td><b>12.5</b></td><td><b>11.6</b></td><td>7.6</td><td>7.6</td><td>7.4</td><td>8.7</td><td>8.7</td><td>8.4</td><td>8.5</td><td>8.5</td><td>0.0</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>21</th><td><i>O.</i> sp. 6 CFBH36772</td><td>9.1</td><td>7.4</td><td>9.3</td><td>9.1</td><td>11.2</td><td>9.3</td><td>9.1</td><td><b>12.5</b></td><td><b>12.5</b></td><td><b>11.6</b></td><td>7.6</td><td>7.6</td><td>7.4</td><td>8.7</td><td>8.7</td><td>8.4</td><td>8.5</td><td>8.5</td><td>0.0</td><td>0.0</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>22</th><td><i>O.</i> sp. 6 CFBH36774</td><td>8.8</td><td>7.1</td><td>9.0</td><td>8.8</td><td>10.6</td><td>9.0</td><td>8.8</td><td><b>12.1</b></td><td><b>12.1</b></td><td><b>11.3</b></td><td>7.4</td><td>7.2</td><td>7.1</td><td>8.5</td><td>8.5</td><td>8.2</td><td>8.4</td><td>8.2</td><td>0.6</td><td>0.6</td><td>0.6</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>23</th><td><i>O.</i> sp. 6 CFBH36776</td><td>8.6</td><td>6.9</td><td>8.8</td><td>8.6</td><td>10.6</td><td>8.8</td><td>8.6</td><td><b>12.1</b></td><td><b>12.1</b></td><td><b>11.3</b></td><td>7.2</td><td>7.1</td><td>6.9</td><td>8.3</td><td>8.3</td><td>8.2</td><td>8.4</td><td>8.0</td><td>0.9</td><td>0.9</td><td>0.9</td><td>0.6</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>24</th><td>O. sp. 6 CFBH36792</td><td>9.1</td><td>7.4</td><td>9.3</td><td>9.1</td><td>11.2</td><td>9.3</td><td>9.1</td><td><b>12.5</b></td><td><b>12.5</b></td><td><b>11.6</b></td><td>7.6</td><td>7.6</td><td>7.4</td><td>8.7</td><td>8.7</td><td>8.4</td><td>8.5</td><td>8.5</td><td>0.0</td><td>0.0</td><td>0.0</td><td>0.6</td><td>0.9</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>25</th><td><i>O.</i> sp. 6 MZUESC9812</td><td>9.1</td><td>7.4</td><td>9.3</td><td>9.1</td><td>11.2</td><td>9.3</td><td>9.1</td><td><b>12.5</b></td><td><b>12.5</b></td><td><b>11.6</b></td><td>7.6</td><td>7.6</td><td>7.4</td><td>8.7</td><td>8.7</td><td>8.4</td><td>8.5</td><td>8.5</td><td>0.0</td><td>0.0</td><td>0.0</td><td>0.6</td><td>0.9</td><td>0.0</td><td>-</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>26</th><td><i>O.</i> sp. 6 UFMG4938</td><td>8.9</td><td>7.2</td><td>9.1</td><td>8.9</td><td>10.9</td><td>9.1</td><td>8.9</td><td><b>12.3</b></td><td><b>12.3</b></td><td><b>11.4</b></td><td>7.4</td><td>7.4</td><td>7.2</td><td>8.5</td><td>8.5</td><td>8.2</td><td>8.4</td><td>8.4</td><td>0.2</td><td>0.2</td><td>0.2</td><td>0.7</td><td>1.1</td><td>0.2</td><td>0.2</td><td>-</td></tr></tbody></table>
Data from: Soil biota suppress positive plant diversity effects on productivity at high but not low soil fertility
1. Plant community productivity commonly increases with increasing plant diversity, which is explained by complementarity among plant species in resource utilization (complementarity effect), or by selection of particularly productive plant species in diverse plant communities (selection effect). Recent studies have also shown that soil biota can drive the positive plant diversity–productivity relationship by suppressing productivity more in low- than in high-diversity plant communities. However, much remains unknown about whether soil fertility plays a role in determining how soil biota affect plant diversity–productivity relationships. 2. We hypothesized that under high soil fertility conditions, negative soil biota effects dominate, which reduces plant monoculture biomass more than that of high-diversity plant communities. Conversely, under low soil fertility conditions, we hypothesized positive soil biota effects dominate, which facilitates plant resource partitioning and enhances community-level biomass in high-diversity plant communities. Hence we expected positive plant diversity–community productivity relationships under low and high soil fertility conditions but caused by different mechanisms. 3. We tested these hypotheses using woody seedlings and set up plant assemblages with four species richness levels (one, two, four and eight species), and grew them in sterilized and unsterilized (sterilized soil + living soil inoculum) soils at two nutrient levels (low vs. high fertility). 4. We found that at high fertility negative soil biota effects dominated and suppressed plant community biomass more in high-diversity plant communities than in monocultures, resulting in reduced complementarity effects of diverse plant communities and a non-significant plant species richness–community biomass relationship in unsterilized soil. Whereas at low fertility soil biota had net neutral to positive effects on plant community biomass but the beneficial effects did not increase with increasing plant species richness. Instead, soil biota neutrally affected the positive plant species richness–community biomass relationship, presumably due to non-specific effects of beneficial soil biota. 5. Synthesis. Soil biota and soil fertility interactively determine plant species richness–community biomass relationships. Moreover, soil biota modulate the complementary resource use among plant species. These findings suggest that environmental context plays an important role in determining whether and how soil biota generate the biodiversity–productivity relationship. Future studies would benefit from revealing the mechanisms underlying the interactive effects of soil biota, soil fertility, and plant diversity on ecosystem functioning.
Data from: An unusual new species of Bidens (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae) with its phylogenetic position and taxonomic notes
An unusual new species of Bidens (Asteraceae) from Brazil is described and its placement within the genus is elucidated by phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences. The new species, described as Bidens campanulata , is distinct in the genus based on its broadly campanulate corolla limb with long lobes, an extremely reduced involucre (shorter than the flower length), and the absence of awns on the pappus. This study presents a taxonomic treatment of the species of Bidens with discoid capitula endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado, including a key to the species, typification, and information on conservation status.
Data from: General perceptual-cognitive abilities: age and position in soccer
Various studies suggest the importance of sport-specific cognitive and perceptual abilities in soccer. However, the role of general perceptual-cognitive abilities and the relation of age respective to position have not been clarified for soccer in detail. Therefore, it was the objective of the present study to determine the relation of age and position to general perceptual-cognitive abilities. 178 highly talented male soccer players (mean age 16.2, age range 10 to 33 years) were involved. The participants performed computer-based sustained attention and anticipation (using Vienna Test System) tests. 139 subjects (mean age 16.6) took part in visual and acoustic reaction tests (using Talent Diagnostic System). The soccer players, subdivided into age and position groups, were recruited from a youth academy of a professional soccer club and played at the highest and 2nd highest national soccer competition for their age. Group differences were tested using analysis of variance. Correlations were analyzed for age and abilities. Significant correlations and group differences were found for age and sustained attention tasks. Significant differences for position groups were observed with regard to acoustic reaction time (ART). Further, we found statistical tendencies for group differences regarding the visual reaction time (VRT), indicating that midfielders outperform defenders and strikers in simple reaction tasks. Improved skills in sustained attention tasks resulted for defenders, who worked faster and more precisely in figural tasks. Regarding general anticipation tasks differences were not found. No group differences were found in basic anticipation tasks. Our study indicates that additional research is needed to further clarify the development of general perceptual-cognitive abilities and position-specific differences in the above abilities of highly talented soccer players.
Data from: Positive selection in development and growth rate regulation genes involved in species divergence of the genus Radix
Background: Life history traits like developmental time, age and size at maturity are directly related to fitness in all organisms and play a major role in adaptive evolution and speciation processes. Comparative genomic or transcriptomic approaches to identify positively selected genes involved in species divergence can help to generate hypotheses on the driving forces behind speciation. Here we use a bottom-up approach to investigate this hypothesis by comparative analysis of orthologous transcripts of four closely related European Radix species. Results: Snails of the genus Radix occupy species specific distribution ranges with distinct climatic niches, indicating a potential for natural selection driven speciation based on ecological niche differentiation. We then inferred phylogenetic relationships among the four Radix species based on whole mt-genomes plus 23 nuclear loci. Three different tests to infer selection and changes in amino acid properties yielded a total of 134 genes with signatures of positive selection. The majority of these genes belonged to the functional gene ontology categories "reproduction" and "genitalia" with an overrepresentation of the functions "development" and "growth rate". Conclusions: We show here that Radix species divergence may be primarily enforced by selection on life history traits such as (larval-) development and growth rate. We thus hypothesise that life history differences may confer advantages under the according climate regimes, e.g., species occupying warmer and dryer habitats might have a fitness advantage with fast developing susceptible life stages, which are more tolerant to habitat desiccation.
Data from: Unexpected positive and negative effects of continuing inbreeding in one of the world's most inbred wild animals
Inbreeding depression, the reduced fitness of offspring of related individuals, is a central theme in evolutionary biology. Inbreeding effects are influenced by the genetic makeup of a population, which is driven by any history of genetic bottlenecks and genetic drift. The Chatham Island black robin represents a case of extreme inbreeding following two severe population bottlenecks. We tested whether inbreeding measured by a 20-year pedigree predicted variation in fitness among individuals, despite the high mean level of inbreeding and low genetic diversity in this species. We found that paternal and maternal inbreeding reduced fledgling survival and individual inbreeding reduced juvenile survival, indicating that inbreeding depression affects even this highly inbred population. Close inbreeding also reduced survival for fledglings with less-inbred mothers, but unexpectedly improved survival for fledglings with highly inbred mothers. This counterintuitive interaction could not be explained by various potentially confounding variables. We propose a genetic mechanism, whereby a highly inbred chick with a highly inbred parent inherits a "proven" genotype and thus experiences a fitness advantage, which could explain the interaction. The positive and negative effects we found emphasize that continuing inbreeding can have important effects on individual fitness, even in populations that are already highly inbred.
Data from: Bayesian inference reveals positive but subtle effects of experimental fishery closures on marine predator demographics
Global forage-fish landings are increasing, with potentially grave consequences for marine ecosystems. Predators of forage fish may be influenced by this harvest, but the nature of these effects is contentious. Experimental fishery manipulations offer the best solution to quantify population-level impacts, but are rare. We used Bayesian inference to examine changes in chick survival, body condition and population growth rate of endangered African penguins Spheniscus demersus in response to eight years of alternating time-area closures around two pairs of colonies. Our results demonstrate that fishing closures improved chick survival and condition, after controlling for changing prey availability. However, this effect was inconsistent across sites and years, highlighting the difficultly of assessing management interventions in marine ecosystems. Nevertheless, modelled increases in population growth rates exceeded 1% at one colony; i.e. the threshold considered biologically meaningful by fisheries management in South Africa. Fishing closures evidently can improve the population trend of a forage-fish dependent predator – we therefore recommend they continue in South Africa and support their application elsewhere. However, detecting demographic gains for mobile marine predators from small no-take zones requires experimental time-frames and scales that will often exceed those desired by decision-makers.
Data from: Zornia melanocarpa (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Dalbergieae), a new species from Serra do Espinhaço, Brazil, and its phylogenetic position in the genus
Zornia melanocarpa , a new species of Leguminosae (Papilionoideae, Dalbergieae) from Serra do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The species is characterized by black fruits with white hairs and an absence of bristles, characters unique within the genus. The species is morphologically similar to Z. crinita and Z. hebecarpa, but differs from both by having a shorter inflorescence of 1.2‐4 cm (vs. 10‐20 and 8‐20 cm in Z. crinita and Z. hebecarpa, respectively) and in the size of the plant (7‐16 cm vs. 20‐60 cm in Z. crinita and Z. hebecarpa), in addition to the black fruits with white hairs. A phylogenetic analysis using molecular data from the nuclear rDNA ITS gene region was performed to verify its position within the genus. Additionally, a survey of leaflet secretory structures and a micro-morphological analysis of fruit structures using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed for the newly described species.
FIGURE 11 in Osteology of Hemigrammocypris neglecta (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) with comments on its systematic position
FIGURE 11. Caudal complex (lateral view), Hemigrammocypris neglecta, KUN-P 43645, 39.6 mm SL. Cartilage is crosshatched. CC, compound centrum; EP, epural; H, hypural; HS, hemal spine; NS, neural spine; OPC, opisthural cartilage; PH, parhypural, PLS, pleurostyle; PU, preural centra; UN, uroneural. Scale bar represents 1 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Osteology of Hemigrammocypris neglecta (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) with comments on its systematic position
FIGURE 5. Suspensorium (A: lateral view), Hyoid arch (B: lateral view) and urohyals (C–D: lateral, dorsal, and ventral views from top to bottom). (A) Hemigrammocypris neglecta, TKPM-P 26051, 36.7 mm SL. (B) H. neglecta, KUN-P 43649, 40.2 mm SL. (C) H. neglecta, TKPM-P 26051, 30.4 mm SL. (D) Aphyocypris kikuchii, TKPM-P 26050, 58.1 mm SL. Cartilage is crosshatched. ACH, anterior ceratohyal; APA, autopalatine; BR, branchiostegal ray; DHH, dorsal hypohyal; ECPT, ectopterygoid; ENPT, endopterygoid; HY, hyomandibular; IH, interhyal; MPT, metapterygoid; PCH, posterior ceratohyal; Q, quadrate; SY, symplectic; UH, urohyal; VHH, ventral hypohyal. Scale bars represent 1 mm.
FIGURE 8 in Osteology of Hemigrammocypris neglecta (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) with comments on its systematic position
FIGURE 8. Post-Weberian abdominal (A) and caudal (B) regions of the vertebral column. (A) and (B) Hemigrammocypris neglecta, TKPM-P 26051, 36.7 mm SL. CE, centrum; EN, epineural; EP, epipleural; HS, haemal spine; NA, neural arch; NS, neural spine; PRA, proximal radial; PU, preural centra; R, rib of vertebral centrum. Scale bars represent 1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Osteology of Hemigrammocypris neglecta (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) with comments on its systematic position
FIGURE 2. Neurocranium. (A) Hemigrammocypris neglecta, TKPM-P 26051, 36.7 mm SL; dorsal, lateral, and ventral views from top to bottom. (B) Metzia lineata, KUN-P 40610, 63.6 mm SL; dorsal view. (C) Aphyocypris kikuchii, TKPM-P 26050, 58.1 mm SL; dorsal view. Cartilage is cross-hatched. AV-VII, anterior opening of the trigeminofacialis chamber; BOC, basioccipital; E, ethmoid; EPOC, epioccipital; EXOC, exoccipital; F, fontanelle; FR, frontal; FX, foramen for the vagus nerve; IC, intercalar; LE, lateral ethmoid; MP, masticatory plate of the basioccipital; NAS, nasal; OSPH, orbitosphenoid; PE, preethmoid; PR, parietal; PRO, prootic; PSPH, parasphenoid; PTO, pterotic; PTSPH, pterosphenoid; PV-VII, posterior opening of the trigeminofacialis chamber; SCA, supraorbital canal; SO, supraorbital; SOC, supraoccipital; SPH, sphenotic; STC, supratemporal canal; STF, subtemporal fossa; VO, vomer. Scale bars represent 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Osteology of Hemigrammocypris neglecta (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) with comments on its systematic position
FIGURE 1. Hemigrammocypris neglecta. (A) TKPM-P 25884, adult male, 25.7 mm SL; (B) TKPM-P 25884, adult female, 39.7 mm SL. Scale bar represents 10 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Osteology of Hemigrammocypris neglecta (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) with comments on its systematic position
FIGURE 4. Infraorbital series (A–B: lateral views) and opercles (C–D: lateral views). (A) Hemigrammocypris neglecta, KUN- P 43650, 31.7 mm SL. (B) Aphyocypris chinensis, KUN-P 43660, 50.1 mm SL. (C) H. neglecta, TKPM-P 26051, 36.7 mm SL. (D) Metzia lineata, KUN-P 40610, 63.6 mm SL. IO, infraorbital; IOC, intermural opercular canal; IOP, interopercle; OP, opercle; POP, preopercle; SOP, subopercle. Scale bars represent 1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.