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3,538 results for “Lizard”
FIGURE 7 in Catalogue of distribution of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Brazilian Amazonia. IV. Alopoglossidae, Gymnophthalmidae
FIGURE 7. Distribution of examined material of Cercosaura argula.
FIGURE 5 in Catalogue of distribution of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Brazilian Amazonia. IV. Alopoglossidae, Gymnophthalmidae
FIGURE 5. Distribution of examined material of Arthrosaura reticulata.
FIGURE 1 in Catalogue of distribution of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Brazilian Amazonia. IV. Alopoglossidae, Gymnophthalmidae
FIGURE 1. Distribution of examined material of Alopoglossus angulatus and A. atriventris.
FIGURE 9 in A new species of lizard of the L. wiegmannii group (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the Uruguayan Savanna
FIGURE 9. Holotype (ZVC-R–6823) of Liolaemus gardeli.
FIGURE 16 in Lizards in pinstripes: morphological and genomic evidence for two new species of scincid lizards within Ctenotus piankai Storr and C. duricola Storr (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Australian arid zone
FIGURE 16. Ctenotus pallasotus sp. nov. holotype (specimen from WAM). Scale bar is 10 mm.
FIGURE 15 in Lizards in pinstripes: morphological and genomic evidence for two new species of scincid lizards within Ctenotus piankai Storr and C. duricola Storr (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Australian arid zone
FIGURE 15. Ctenotus rhabdotus sp. nov. holotype (specimen from WAM). Scale bar is 10 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Lizards in pinstripes: morphological and genomic evidence for two new species of scincid lizards within Ctenotus piankai Storr and C. duricola Storr (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Australian arid zone
FIGURE 5. Variation in Ctenotus piankai senso stricto (all specimens from WAM). Scale bar is 10 mm.
FIGURE 14 in Lizards in pinstripes: morphological and genomic evidence for two new species of scincid lizards within Ctenotus piankai Storr and C. duricola Storr (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Australian arid zone
FIGURE 14. Ctenotus duricola holotype (specimen from WAM). Scale bar is 10 mm.
FIGURE 13 in Lizards in pinstripes: morphological and genomic evidence for two new species of scincid lizards within Ctenotus piankai Storr and C. duricola Storr (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Australian arid zone
FIGURE 13. Ctenotus piankai holotype (specimen from WAM). Scale bar is 10 mm.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of lizard genus Potamites from Ecuador (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae)
FIGURE 4. Specimens of Potamites flavogularis sp. nov. in life. (A) male; (B) female.
FIGURE 8 in A new species of lizard genus Potamites from Ecuador (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae)
FIGURE 8. General aspect of the habitat of Potamites flavogularis sp. nov.
FIGURE 6 in A lost species or the loss of stripes? The case of Contomastix lizards from Cabo Polonio, Uruguay, with observations on C. lacertoides (Duméril & Bibron) and Cnemidophorus grandensis Cope (Squamata, Teiidae)
FIGURE 6. Holotype of Cnemidophorus grandensis ANSP 9593 (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil).
FIGURE 9 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 9. Boxplots showing variation in scale counts among Tropidurus chromatops, T. etheridgei, and T. azurduyae.
RAW DATA parthenogenetic lizard Darevskia armeniaca premeiotic genome duplication
<p>parthenogenetic lizard Darevskia armeniaca premeiotic genome duplication raw data images</p>
The multidimensional (and contrasting) effects of environmental warming on a group of montane tropical lizards: Lizard and plant data
<p>1. Mountains are cradles for biodiversity and crucibles for climate-driven species loss, particularly for tropical ectotherms. Constriction on activity and amplified heat stress are two key sources of warming-driven vulnerability in tropical montane ectotherms. These threats, however, might be counterbalanced if rising temperatures also release organisms from limits on activity induced by cold stress.</p> <p>2. We used biophysical modeling to estimate activity patterns and thermal stress under warming in a group of summit-dwelling <i>Anolis </i>lizards (<i>A. armouri </i>and <i>A. shrevei</i>) endemic to the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. Activity is currently constrained by the prevalence of temperatures too cold for activity. Under warming, our models predict expanded hours of potential activity and reduced cold stress, especially under a high emission scenario. Crucially, release from cold stress does not come at the expense of heightened exposure to heat stress. This result arises from a steep mismatch between these species' warm-adapted ecology and the surprisingly cold environments they occupy.</p> <p>3. Yet, resilience in some dimensions belies vulnerability along others, particularly with regards to critical macrohabitat. We capitalized on a long-term monitoring dataset to predict forest distributions under warming. Our models predict upslope shifts in montane cloud forests that may constrict the high-elevation pine forests to which these lizards are inexorably linked. Warming-driven macrohabitat loss can 'pin' the montane endemics into progressively shrinking ranges, especially since a rising cloud forest also facilitates upslope transport of a close relative, <i>A. cybotes</i> (a species associated with broadleaf forests).</p> <p>4. Many tropical ectotherms (including these anoles) are adapted to forest edges, a feature often associated with a relatively warm-adapted ecophysiology. When such species are also found in cool environments, such as those found on mountaintops, warming-amplified thermal stress is surprisingly limited. Therefore, the direct effects of warming on tropical ectotherms are quite broad, and can even include potential benefits to fitness-based activities.</p> <p>5. Rising temperatures may often present a dual-edged sword: warming simultaneously releases these organisms from constraints on activity while exposing them to other threats. Whether due to the direct or indirect effects of climate warming, exceptional vulnerability may indeed reside where biodiversity is highest.</p>
Tail regeneration alters the digestive performance of lizards
<p><span>Tissue regeneration is a fundamental evolutionary adaptation, which is well known in lizards that can regenerate their entire tail. However, numerous parameters of this process remain poorly understood. Lizard tail serves many functions. Thus, tail autotomy comes with many disadvantages and the need for quick </span>regeneration is imperative. To provide the required energy and materials for caudal tissue building, lizards are expected to undergo a number of physiological and biochemical adjustments. Previous research showed that tail regeneration induces changes in the digestive process. Here, we investigated if and how tail regeneration affects the digestive performance in five wall lizard species deriving from mainland and island sites and questioned whether the association of tail regeneration and digestion is affected by species relationships or environmental features, including predation pressure. We expected that lizards from high predation environments would regenerate their tail faster and modify accordingly their digestive efficiency, prioritizing the digestion of proteins; the main building blocks for tissue repair. Second, we anticipated that the general food shortage on islands would inhibit the process. Our findings showed that all species shifted their digestive efficiency, as predicted. Elongation rate was higher in sites with stronger predation regime and this was also applied to the rate with which protein digestion raised. Gut passage time increases during regeneration so as to improve the nutrient absorbance, but among the islanders the pace was more intense. The deviations between species should be attributed to the different ecological conditions prevailing on islands rather than to their phylogenetic relationships.</p>
White Sands desert lizard thermal data
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Traits often contribute to multiple functions, complicating our understanding of the selective pressures that influence trait evolution. In the Chihuahuan Desert, predation is thought to be the primary driver of cryptic light coloration in three White Sands lizard species relative to the darker coloration of populations on adjacent dark soils. However, coloration also influences radiation absorption and thus animal body temperatures. We combined comparative physiological experiments and biophysical models to test for thermal consequences of evolving different color morphs in White Sands across the three species. While light and dark morphs have not evolved different physiological heat limits within species, differences in radiation absorption between morphs lead to body temperature differences that impact relative overheating risk and activity patterns. Moreover, for all three species, an idealized morph that matches the White Sands substrate would have considerably less activity time, by approximately one month, than existing light morphs. Overall, there are both benefits and costs to greater substrate matching, the balance of which may prevent the evolution of optimal crypsis. Our work highlights the importance of color in dictating thermal performance and the complexity inherent in understanding the evolution of coloration. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Thermal physiology responds to interannual temperature shifts in a montane horned lizard, Phrynosoma orbiculare
<p>As climate change marches on, rapidly rising temperatures shatter records every year, presenting ever‐growing physiological challenges to organisms worldwide. Ectotherms rely on behavioral and physiological plasticity to contend with environmental fluctuations. Nonetheless, our understanding of thermal plasticity has been largely limited to laboratory settings. Here, we test whether aspects of thermal physiology respond to interannual shifts in thermal environment in a natural population of <i>Phrynosoma orbiculare</i>, a montane horned lizard, from Hidalgo, Mexico. At our field site, 2019 was markedly warmer than the year that preceded it. We detected population‐level increases in three key thermal physiological traits: preferred temperature, the critical thermal minimum, and the critical thermal maximum. Thus, thermal phenotypes appear to shift in tandem in response to environmental fluctuations. A subset of individuals were resampled across years, allowing insight into plastic shifts within an organism's lifetime. We detected parallel increases in these lizards for the preferred temperature and the critical thermal minimum, but not for the critical thermal maximum. Our results support a growing body of literature indicating that preferred conditions and cold tolerance can be highly labile over the course of an organism's lifetime, whereas hardening over shorter time periods is more common for heat tolerance. Given that heat tolerance increased at the population‐level, but not in resampled individuals, it is possible that rapid evolution occurred due to temperature increases. In short, physiological shifts can be observed in natural populations over relatively short timespans, and these shifts might reflect a combination of evolutionary and acclimatory responses.</p>
Predator presence and recent climatic warming raise body temperatures of island lizards
<p>In ectothermic predator-prey relationships, evasion of predation by prey depends on physiological and behavioural responses relating to the thermal biology of both predator and prey. On Japan's Izu Islands, we investigated a prey lizard's physiological and thermal responses to the presence of a snake predator over geologic time in addition to recent climatic warming. Foraging lizard body temperatures increased by 1.0°C from 1981 to 2019 overall, yet were 2.9°C warmer on snake islands relative to snake-free islands. We also detected snake predator-induced selection on hind leg length, which in turn is a major determinant for sprint speed only in lizard populations exposed to predation by snakes. Accordingly, we found that warmer prey body temperatures result in faster sprint speeds by the prey at temperatures suboptimal for the snake predator, and therefore contribute to escaping predation. Given recent climatic change, further warming could irrevocably alter this and other ectothermic predator-prey relationships.</p>
Predation release of Texas horned lizards (Phrynosoma cornutum) living in small towns
Texas horned lizards (Phrynosoma cornutum) have a number of ways to avoid predation, including camouflage, sharp cranial horns, flattening of the body, and the ability to squirt blood from the eyes. These characteristics and their relatively low survival rates in the wild suggests these lizards are under high predation pressure. These lizards have been declining in much of their eastern range due to increased urbanization, agriculture, and loss of prey species. However, they can be still be found in some small south Texas towns where they can reach densities that are much higher (~50 lizards/ha) than in natural areas (~4-10 lizards/ha). We hypothesized that one reason for the high densities observed in these towns may be due to reduced predation pressure. We used model Texas horned lizards to test whether predation levels were lower in two south Texas towns than on a nearby ranch. We constructed models from urethane foam, a material that is ideal for preserving marks left behind by predators. Models (n = 126) and control pieces of foam (n = 21) were left in the field for 9 days in each location in early and late summer and subsequent predation marks were categorized by predator taxa. We observed significantly more predation attempts on the models than on controls and significantly fewer attempts in town (n = 1) compared to the ranch (n = 60). On the ranch, avian predation attempts appear to be common especially when the models did not match the color of the soil. Our results suggest that human modified environments that have suitable habitat and food resources may provide a refuge for some prey species like horned lizards from predators.
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