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6,383 results for “isolates”
Data from: Synonymous genetic variation in natural isolates of Escherichia coli does not predict where synonymous substitutions occur in a long-term experiment
Synonymous genetic differences vary by more than 20-fold among genes in natural isolates of Escherichia coli. One hypothesis to explain this heterogeneity is that genes with high levels of synonymous variation mutate at higher rates than genes with low synonymous variation. If so, then one would expect to observe similar mutational patterns in evolution experiments. In fact, however, the pattern of synonymous substitutions in a long-term evolution experiment with E. coli does not support this hypothesis. In particular, the extent of synonymous variation across genes in that experiment does not reflect the variation observed in natural isolates of E. coli. Instead, gene length alone predicts with high accuracy the prevalence of synonymous changes in the experimental populations. We hypothesize that patterns of synonymous variation in natural E. coli populations are instead caused by differences across genomic regions in their effective population size that, in turn, reflect different histories of recombination, horizontal gene transfer, selection, and population structure.
Data from: Assessing the contributions of reduced immigrant viability and fecundity to reproductive isolation
Reduced fitness of immigrants from alternative environments is thought to be an important reproductive isolating barrier. Most studies evaluating the importance of the relative fitness of immigrants to speciation have focused on reduced survival of immigrants (i.e., immigrant inviability). However, variation in fecundity appears to have a greater impact on variation in fitness than does variation in viability, suggesting that reduced fecundity of immigrants could act as an important yet largely overlooked reproductive isolating barrier. Using a model and a survey of studies of local adaptation, we evaluate the relative strength of reduced immigrant viability and fecundity as potential causes of reproductive isolation. We found that reduced fecundity as compared to reduced viability as a reproductive isolating barrier should increase in importance as the relative costs of reproduction increase. Consistent with the elevated demands of reproduction reported in the literature, we found that reproductive isolation from reduced immigrant fecundity was of similar magnitude or greater than that from reduced immigrant viability, particularly in the early stages of speciation. These results suggest that the important role of differential fecundity in local adaptation extends to speciation.
Data from: Components of reproductive isolation between Orchis mascula and O. pauciflora
Studies of the strength and nature of reproductive isolation (RI) between species can greatly contribute to our understanding of speciation. Although the role of RI in speciation is well recognized, there is a dearth of information on the contributions of different barriers between related plant species. Here, we estimated multiple components of RI between two Mediterranean orchid sister species (Orchis mascula and Orchis pauciflora), disentangling the strength and absolute contributions of seven different isolating mechanisms. Our survey includes one prepollination, two postpollination prezygotic (pollen–stigma incompatibility, conspecific pollen precedence), two intrinsic postzygotic (embryo mortality and hybrid sterility) and two extrinsic postzygotic (hybrid habitat differentiation and hybrid pollination) isolating mechanisms. We found strong RI between the investigated species, although none of the barriers were able to completely impede gene flow. Five isolating mechanisms contributed positively to the maintenance of species boundaries. Contrary to most surveys of isolating mechanisms, our data speak against a clear predominance of prepollination or of prezygotic barriers but confirm the emerging pattern of multiple barriers contributing to the maintenance of species integrity. These findings suggest an allopatric condition during early phases of species divergence. We discuss our data in the wider context of previous studies carried out in this orchid group by using a comparative approach.
FIGURES 20–21 in Paroster baylyi sp. n., P. ursulae sp. n. (Col. Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae) and the water beetle diversity of pan-gnammas on isolated granite outcrops in the Mallee of south-western Australia
FIGURES 20–21. Paroster baylyi sp. n., ventral side of 20) protarsus and 21) mesotarsus.
FIGURE 1 in Description of the male of Sebasthetops omaliniformis Jäch, 1998 — a phylogenetically isolated water beetle from South Africa, with notes on its ecology (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae)
FIGURE 1. Habitus of Sebasthetops omaliniformis. A) male; B) female. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Endecous peruassuensis n. sp. (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) from caves of Eastern Brazil: evidence of isolation in the subterranean realm and discussion about troglomorphisms
FIGURE 5. Map of distribution of Endecous aguassay, E. cavernicolus and E. peruassuensis n. sp.
FIGURE 6 in Contributions to the herpetofauna of the Albertine Rift: Two new species of chameleon (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae) from an isolated montane forest, south eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
FIGURE 6. Rhampholeon hattinghi sp. nov. adult male lateral view showing coloration.
FIGURE 11 in Contributions to the herpetofauna of the Albertine Rift: Two new species of chameleon (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae) from an isolated montane forest, south eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
FIGURE 11. Kinyongia mulyai sp. nov., male Holotype.
FIGURE 2 in Contributions to the herpetofauna of the Albertine Rift: Two new species of chameleon (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae) from an isolated montane forest, south eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
FIGURE 2. Lake Tanganyika viewed to the north, from the top of Mount Nzawa.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Lygodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) endemic to Mount Namuli, an isolated ' sky island' of northern Mozambique
FIGURE 4. Adult male Lygodactylus rex, in life (PEM R16303, Lukabula Forest Station).
Figure 3 in A new dwarf boa (Serpentes, Booidea, 'Tropidophiidae') from the Early Oligocene of Belgium: a case of the isolation of Western European snake faunas
Figure 3. Cloacal and caudal vertebrae of Falseryx neervelpensis sp. nov. A–C, cloacal vertebra (IRSNB R 233), in left lateral (A), posterior (B) and dorsal (C) views; D–H, anterior caudal vertebra (IRSNB R 234), in left lateral (D), posterior (E), anterior (F), dorsal (G) and ventral (H) views; I and J, middle caudal vertebra (IRSNB R 235), in left lateral (I) and posterior (J) views; K and L, posterior caudal vertebra (IRSNB R 236), in left lateral (K) and posterior (L.) views. Abbreviations: ha, haemapophyses; h, hypapophysis; ls, lymphapophyses; pl, pleurapophyses.
Draft genome sequence of Xylaria bambusicola isolate GMP-LS, the root and basal stem rot pathogen of sugarcane in Indonesia
<p>Supplementary Figure 1</p><p>Supplementary Table 1</p><p>Supplementary Table 2</p>
Whole genome sequencing of two Canine Herpesvirus 1 (CHV-1) isolates and clinicopathological outcomes of infection in French Bulldog puppies
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Supplementary material 1 from: Zarev Y (2023) Isolation and characterization of 3- O-caffeoyloleanolic acid from Robinia pseudoacacia stem bark. Pharmacia 70(4): 1209-1212. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.70.e110402
Supplementary images
Figure 9 from: Jia A, Chen B, Lu H, Xing Y, Li B, Fan X (2024) Multigene phylogeny and morphology reveal three new species of Cytospora isolated from diseased plant branches in Fengtai District, Beijing, China. MycoKeys 101: 163-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.101.116272
Figure 9 Cytospora sorbariae from Sorbaria sorbifolia (BJFC CF20230417) A, B habit of conidiomata on branch C transverse section through conidiomata D longitudinal section through conidiomata E, F conidiophores and conidiogenous cells G conidia. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 100 µm (B–D); 10 µm (E–G).
Figure 8 from: Jia A, Chen B, Lu H, Xing Y, Li B, Fan X (2024) Multigene phylogeny and morphology reveal three new species of Cytospora isolated from diseased plant branches in Fengtai District, Beijing, China. MycoKeys 101: 163-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.101.116272
Figure 8 Cytospora pinea from Pinus bungeanae (BJFC CF20230413) A, B habit of conidiomata on branch C transverse section through conidiomata D longitudinal section through conidiomata E conidiophores and conidiogenous cells F conidia. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 200 µm (B, D); 100 µm (C); 10 µm (E, F).
Figure 2 from: Jia A, Chen B, Lu H, Xing Y, Li B, Fan X (2024) Multigene phylogeny and morphology reveal three new species of Cytospora isolated from diseased plant branches in Fengtai District, Beijing, China. MycoKeys 101: 163-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.101.116272
Figure 2 Phylogram of Cytospora based on Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis of the dataset of combined ITS, act, rpb2, tef1-a and tub2 genes. Numbers above the branches indicate ML bootstrap values (ML-BS ≥ 60%) and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP ≥ 0.9). Ex-type isolates are in bold. lsolates in this study marked with its hosts and highlighted in two different colours where the novel species are shown in dark blue and the known species are shown in light blue.
Figure 5 from: Jia A, Chen B, Lu H, Xing Y, Li B, Fan X (2024) Multigene phylogeny and morphology reveal three new species of Cytospora isolated from diseased plant branches in Fengtai District, Beijing, China. MycoKeys 101: 163-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.101.116272
Figure 5 Cytospora euonymina from Salix babylonica (BJFC CF20230403) A, B habit of conidiomata on branch C transverse section through conidiomata D longitudinal section through conidiomata E, F conidiophores and conidiogenous cells G conidia. Scale bars: 500 µm (A); 200 µm (B); 100 µm (C, D); 10 µm (E–G).
Figure 4 from: Jia A, Chen B, Lu H, Xing Y, Li B, Fan X (2024) Multigene phylogeny and morphology reveal three new species of Cytospora isolated from diseased plant branches in Fengtai District, Beijing, China. MycoKeys 101: 163-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.101.116272
Figure 4 Cytospora albodisca from Euonymus japonicus (BJFC CF20230402) A, B habit of conidiomata on branch C transverse section through conidiomata D longitudinal section through conidiomata E conidiophores and conidiogenous cells F conidia. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 500 µm (C); 200 µm (D); 10 µm (E, F).
Figure 3 from: Jia A, Chen B, Lu H, Xing Y, Li B, Fan X (2024) Multigene phylogeny and morphology reveal three new species of Cytospora isolated from diseased plant branches in Fengtai District, Beijing, China. MycoKeys 101: 163-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.101.116272
Figure 3 Cytospora ailanthicola from Salix matsudana (BJFC CF20230400) A, B habit of conidiomata on branch C transverse section through conidiomata D longitudinal section through conidiomata E, F conidiophores and conidiogenous cells G conidia. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 200 µm (B); 100 µm (C, D); 10 µm (E–G)
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.