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MMS 1 Fast Plasma Investigation, Dual Electron Spectrometer (FPI, DES) Distribution Moments, Level 2 (L2), Burst Mode, 30 ms Data

The Fast Plasma Instrument (FPI) usually Operates in Fast Survey (FS) Mode in the MMS Region Of Interest (ROI) for the current Mission Phase. Data are taken at Burst (30/150 ms for DES/DIS) Resolution in this Mode. Data are also made available at Survey (4.5 s, etc.) Resolution. Per Mission Design, not all Burst Resolution Data are downlinked, but all Survey Data are downlinked. Planning around Calibration Activities, avoidance of Earth Radiation Belts, etc., when possible, FPI usually Operates in Slow Survey (SS) Mode outside of ROI, and then only the 60 s Resolution Survey Data are available. This Product contains Results from integrating the standard Moments of Phase Space Distributions formed from the indicated Data Type (DES/DIS Burst, FS or SS). For Convenience, some additional Parameters are included to augment those most commonly found in a Moments Product of this sort, plus Time Stamps and other Annotation characterizing the State of the Instrument System at the indicated Time.

MMS 2 Fast Plasma Investigation, Dual Ion Spectrometer (FPI, DIS) Distribution Moments, Level 2 (L2), Fast Mode, 4.5 s Data

The Fast Plasma Instrument (FPI) usually Operates in Fast Survey (FS) Mode in the MMS Region Of Interest (ROI) for the current Mission Phase. Data are taken at Burst (30/150 ms for DES/DIS) Resolution are aggregated onboard and made available at Survey (4.5 s) Resolution in this Mode. Planning around Calibration Activities, avoidance of Earth Radiation Belts, etc., when possible, FPI usually Operates in Slow Survey (SS) Mode outside of ROI, and then only the 60 s Resolution Survey Data are available. This Product contains Results from integrating the standard Moments of Phase Space Distributions formed from the indicated Data Type (DES/DIS Burst, FS or SS). For Convenience, some additional Parameters are included to augment those most commonly found in a Moments Product of this sort, plus Time Stamps and other Annotation characterizing the State of the Instrument System at the indicated Time.

MMS 2 Fast Plasma Investigation, Dual Ion Spectrometer (FPI, DIS) Partial Distribution Moments, Level 2 (L2), Burst Mode, 0.15 s Data

FPI usually operates in Fast Survey (FS) Mode in the MMS Region Of Interest (ROI) for the current Mission Phase. Data are taken at Burst (30/150 ms for DES/DIS) Resolution in this Mode. Data are also made available at Survey (4.5 s, etc.) Resolution. Per Mission Design, not all Burst Resolution Data are downlinked, but all Survey Data are downlinked. Planning around Calibration Activities, avoidance of Earth Radiation Belts, etc., when possible, FPI usually operates in Slow Survey (SS) Mode (60 s Resolution) outside of ROI, and then only the 60 s Resolution Survey Data are available. This Product contains Partial Moments that come from performing the Standard Moment Integrals over a limited Portion of Velocity Space. The resulting Quantities are named similarly to their corresponding Standard Moments, but are decorated with 'part' to differentiate. For example, density_part is the Density Moment integrated from a particular Energy Step to Infinity. These Partial Moments are formed from the indicated Data Type (DES/DIS Burst, FS or SS). For convenience, some additional Parameters are included to augment those most commonly found in a Moments Product of this sort, plus Time Stamps and other Annotation characterizing the State of the Instrument System at the indicated Time.

Fast Longwave And SHortwave Fluxes (FLASHflux) Clouds and Radiative Swath (SSF) TERRA-FM1 data in HDF Version 4A

FLASH_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Version4A is the Fast Longwave And Shortwave Radiative Fluxes (FLASHFlux) Clouds and Radiative Swath (SSF) TERRA-FM1 data in HDF Version 4A data product. This product consist of of Low latency (< 5 days from observation) Top-of-Atmosphere (TOA) fluxes and parameterized surface radiative fluxes at Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy Systems (CERES) Single Scanner Footprint (SSF) level for quick-look purposes. FLASHFlux data are a product line of the CERES project designed for processing and release of TOA and surface radiative fluxes for applied sciences and educations uses. The FLASHFlux data product is a rapid release product based upon the algorithms developed for and data collected by the CERES project. CERES is currently producing world-class climate data products derived from measurements taken aboard NASA's Terra and Aqua spacecrafts. While of exceptional fidelity, these data products require a considerable amount of processing time to assure quality, verify accuracy, and assess precision. The result is that CERES data are typically released up to six months after acquisition of the initial measurements. For climate studies, such delays are of little consequence especially considering the improved quality of the released data products. Thus, FLASHFlux products are not intended to achieve climate quality. FLASHFlux data products were envisioned as a resource whereby CERES data could be provided to the community within a few days of the initial measurements, with some calibration accuracy requirements relaxed to gain speed. The SSF TOA/Surface Fluxes and Clouds product contains one hour of instantaneous FLASHFlux data for a single CERES scanner instrument. The SSF combines instantaneous CERES data with scene information from a higher-resolution imager such as Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra and Aqua satellites and meteorological and ozone information from the GEOS-5 FP-IT Atmospheric Data Assimilation System (GEOS-5 ADAS). Scene identification and cloud properties are defined at the higher imager resolution and these data are averaged over the larger CERES footprint. For each CERES footprint, the SSF contains Top-of-Atmosphere fluxes in SW, LW, and NET, surface fluxes using the Langley parameterized shortwave and longwave algorithms, and clouds information. CERES is a key component of the Earth Observing System (EOS) program. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES mission is a follow on to the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument (PFM) was launched on November 27, 1997 as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the EOS flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board EOS Aqua on May 4, 2002. The newest CERES instrument (FM5) was launched on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite.

MMS 1 Fast Plasma Investigation, Dual Ion Spectrometer (FPI, DIS) Distribution Moments, Level 2 (L2), Fast Mode, 4.5 s Data

The Fast Plasma Instrument (FPI) usually Operates in Fast Survey (FS) Mode in the MMS Region Of Interest (ROI) for the current Mission Phase. Data are taken at Burst (30/150 ms for DES/DIS) Resolution are aggregated onboard and made available at Survey (4.5 s) Resolution in this Mode. Planning around Calibration Activities, avoidance of Earth Radiation Belts, etc., when possible, FPI usually Operates in Slow Survey (SS) Mode outside of ROI, and then only the 60 s Resolution Survey Data are available. This Product contains Results from integrating the standard Moments of Phase Space Distributions formed from the indicated Data Type (DES/DIS Burst, FS or SS). For Convenience, some additional Parameters are included to augment those most commonly found in a Moments Product of this sort, plus Time Stamps and other Annotation characterizing the State of the Instrument System at the indicated Time.

MMS 3 Fast Plasma Investigation, Dual Electron Spectrometer (FPI, DES) Partial Distribution Moments, Level 2 (L2), Fast Mode, 4.5 s Data

Swift BAT 100-Month Supergiant Fast X-Ray Transient Catalog

Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients (SFXTs) are High Mass X-ray Binaries (HMXBs) that are defined by their hard X-ray flaring behavior. During such flares they reach peak luminosities of 1036 - 1037 erg/s for a few hours (in the hard X-ray), i.e., much shorter timescales than those characterizing Be/X-ray binaries. The authors have investigated the characteristics of bright flares (detections in excess of 5 sigma) for a sample of SFXTs and their relation to the orbital phase. They have retrieved all Swift/BAT Transient Monitor light curves, and collected all detections in excess of 5 sigma from both daily- and orbital-averaged light curves in the time range from 2005 February 12 to 2013 May 31 (MJD 53413 - 56443). The authors also considered all on-board detections as recorded in the same time span and selected those within 4 arcminutes of each source in their sample and in excess of 5 sigma. This table contains the catalog of over a thousand Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) flares from 11 SFXTs, down to 15-150 keV fluxes of ~6 x 10-10erg/cm2/s (daily timescale) and ~1.5 x 10-9erg/cm2/s (orbital timescale, averaging ~800s) and spanning 100 months. The great majority of these flares are unpublished. This population is characterized by short (a few hundred seconds) and relatively bright (in excess of 100 milliCrab, 15-50 keV) events. In the hard X-ray, these flares last in general much less than a day. Clustering of hard X-ray flares can be used to indirectly measure the length of an outburst, even when the low-level emission is not detected. In their paper, the authors construct the distributions of flares, of their significance (in terms of sigma) and their flux as a function of orbital phase, to infer the properties of these binary systems. In particular, they observe a trend of clustering of flares at some phases as P_orb increases, as consistent with a progression from tight, circular or mildly eccentric orbits at short periods, to wider and more eccentric orbits at longer orbital periods. Finally, the authors estimate the expected number of flares for a given source for their limiting flux and provide the recipe for calculating them for the limiting flux of future hard X-ray observatories. The BAT observes 88% of the sky daily, on average, so it is ideally suited to detect flaring in hard X-ray sources. Since 2005-02-12, the BAT Transient Monitor (Krimm et al. 2013, ApJS, 209, 14) has been providing near real-time light curves in the 15-50 keV energy range of more than 900 sources with a mean variance for one-day mosaics of 5.3 milliCrab. Several flares from SFXTs are regularly caught every year by the BAT Transient Monitor (BATTM). The catalog contains a total of 1117 flares from 11 SFXT sources (the only other confirmed SFXT, IGR J11215-5952, never triggered the BAT: see Section 2.2 of the reference paper for more information about this source). They are divided into 46 BAT triggers (bat_subsample_flag = 'T', 43 in outbursts), 126 daily-averaged BATTM light curves (bat_subsample_flag = 'D'), 267 orbital-averaged BATTM light curves (bat_subsample_flag = 'O'), and 678 on-board detections (bat_subsample_flag = 'B'). For each flare, the time of the occurrence, duration, flux, and significance are reported. Given the cut in sigma applied to the available BATTM and on-board detections, this catalog is a flux-limited sample of flares. Assuming a Crab-like spectrum (power-law of photon index 2.15), 5 sigma detections for one day and an average orbit typically correspond to fluxes of 5.98 x 10-10 and 1.46 x 10-9 erg cm-2 s-1, respectively, in the 15-150 keV band (or 3.38 x 10-10 and 8.24 x 10-10 erg cm-2 s-1 in the 15-50 keV band). This table was created by the HEASARC in August 2015 based on the union of <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/A+A/562/A2">CDS Catalog J/A+A/562/A2</a> files sample.dat (the properties of the confirmed SFXTs) and table4.dat (the catalog of the 1117 flares detected by the Swift BAT from 11 of the 12 confirmed SFXTs). This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .

FAST Electrostatic Analyzer (ESA), Ion Burst 0.078 s Data

The FAST IES and EES measure 32 pitch angle directions simultaneously, 11.25° resolution, and sweep over 48 energy steps in 1/64 of a spacecraft spin. The energy range is nominally 3 eV to 25 keV for ions and 4 eV to 30 keV for electrons, respectively. Each spectrometer consists of two half sensor heads each with 180° by 10° field-of-view, FOV, that are mounted on opposite sides of the spacecraft to form a 360° planar FOV. The out-of-plane response is roughly Gaussian with a full width, half maximum, FWHM, of about 5°. The planar FOV is within the spacecraft spin plane, which is oriented with the spin vector normal to the nominal magnetic field direction. This orientation facilitates continuous pitch angle measurements. Deflectors are used to steer the sensor FOV out of this plane by up to 10° to account for variations of the magnetic field direction during the orbit. In general, the pitch angle distribution always includes both the parallel and Anti-parallel magnetic field directions. Burst data consists of a 32 angle by 48 anergy bin array of counts. Counts are pseudo-log compressed from 16 to 8 bits onboard. The first energy step is a high voltage retrace and should be ignored. Detector anodes rotate by half an anode or 5.625° each sweep. Survey data is averaged burst data that has been despun onboard. Slow survey is averaged into a 32 angle by 48 energy array each half spin or about 2.5 s. Some blurring of the angular resolution results from the half anode rotation on alternate sweeps. Fast survey is averaged into a 64 angle by 48 energy array that maintains the angular resolution. Fast survey time resolution varies from 1/16 to 1/4 of a spin.

MMS 2 Fast Plasma Investigation, Dual Ion Spectrometer (FPI, DIS) Instrument Distributions, Level 2 (L2), Fast Mode, 4.5 s Data

The Fast Plasma Instrument (FPI) usually Operates in Fast Survey (FS) Mode in the MMS Region Of Interest (ROI) for the current Mission Phase. Data are taken at Burst (30/150 ms for DES/DIS) Resolution are aggregated onboard and made available at Survey (4.5 s) Resolution in this Mode. This Product contains Phase Space Distribution Maps of Results from surveying the High Resolution Observations during each 4.5 s Period. In particular, the (highest possible Quality at the Time of Release) corrected/converted "Fast Survey Sky Map" Distributions are reported with Time Stamps and other Annotation characterizing the State of the Instrument System at the indicated Time.

MMS 1 Fast Plasma Investigation, Dual Electron Spectrometer (FPI, DES) Instrument Distributions, Level 2 (L2), Burst Mode, 30 ms Data

The Fast Plasma Instrument (FPI) usually Operates in Fast Survey (FS) Mode in the MMS Region Of Interest (ROI) for the current Mission Phase. Data are taken at Burst (30/150 ms for DES/DIS) Resolution in this Mode. Data are also made available at Survey (4.5 s, etc.) Resolution. Per Mission Design, not all Burst Resolution Data are downlinked, but all Survey Data are downlinked. This Product contains Phase Space Distribution Maps of those Burst Resolution Data selected for downlink. In particular, the (highest possible Quality at the Time of Release) corrected/converted "Burst Sky Map" Distributions are reported with Time Stamps and other Annotation characterizing the State of the Instrument System at the indicated Time.

nu-Anomica: A Fast Support Vector Based Anomaly Detection Technique

In this paper we propose $\nu$-Anomica, a novel anomaly detection technique that can be trained on huge data sets with much reduced running time compared to the benchmark one-class Support Vector Machines algorithm. In $\nu$-Anomica, the idea is to train the machine such that it can provide a close approximation to the exact decision plane using fewer training points and without losing much of the generalization performance of the classical approach. We have tested the proposed algorithm on a variety of continuous data sets under different conditions. We show that under all test conditions the developed procedure closely preserves the accuracy of standard one-class Support Vector Machines while reducing both the training time and the test time by 5-20 times.

MMS 1 Fast Plasma Investigation, Dual Ion Spectrometer (FPI, DIS) Partial Distribution Moments, Level 2 (L2), Burst Mode, 0.15 s Data

MMS 2 Fast Plasma Investigation, Dual Electron Spectrometer (FPI, DES) Partial Distribution Moments, Level 2 (L2), Fast Mode, 4.5 s Data

Fast Longwave And SHortwave Fluxes (FLASHflux) Clouds and Radiative Swath (SSF) Aqua-FM3-MODIS data in HDF Version 4A

FLASH_SSF_Aqua-FM3-MODIS_Version4A is the Fast Longwave And Shortwave Radiative Fluxes (FLASHFlux) Clouds and Radiative Swath (SSF) Aqua-FM3-MODIS data in HDF Version 4A data product. This product consist of Low latency (< 5 days from observation) Top-of-Atmosphere (TOA) fluxes and parameterized surface radiative fluxes at Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Single Scanner Footprint (SSF) level for quick-look purposes. Data collection for this product is in progress. FLASHFlux data are a product line of the CERES project designed for processing and release of TOA and surface radiative fluxes for applied sciences and educations uses. The FLASHFlux data product is a rapid release product based upon the algorithms developed for and data collected by the CERES project. CERES is currently producing world-class climate data products derived from measurements taken aboard NASA's Terra and Aqua spacecrafts. While of exceptional fidelity, these data products require a considerable amount of processing time to assure quality, verify accuracy, and assess precision. The result is that CERES data are typically released up to six months after acquisition of the initial measurements. For climate studies, such delays are of little consequence especially considering the improved quality of the released data products. Thus, FLASHFlux products are not intended to achieve climate quality. FLASHFlux data products were envisioned as a resource whereby CERES data could be provided to the community within a few days of the initial measurements, with some calibration accuracy requirements relaxed to gain speed. The SSF TOA/Surface Fluxes and Clouds product contains one hour of instantaneous FLASHFlux data for a single CERES scanner instrument. The SSF combines instantaneous CERES data with scene information from a higher-resolution imager such as Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra and Aqua satellites and meteorological and ozone information from the GEOS-5 FP-IT Atmospheric Data Assimilation System (GEOS-5 ADAS). Scene identification and cloud properties are defined at the higher imager resolution and these data are averaged over the larger CERES footprint. For each CERES footprint, the SSF contains Top-of-Atmosphere fluxes in SW, LW, and NET, surface fluxes using the Langley parameterized shortwave and longwave algorithms, and clouds information. CERES is a key component of the Earth Observing System (EOS) program. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES mission is a follow on to the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument (PFM) was launched on November 27, 1997 as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the EOS flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board EOS Aqua on May 4, 2002. The newest CERES instrument (FM5) was launched on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite.

MMS 4 Fast Plasma Investigation, Dual Electron Spectrometer (FPI, DES) Instrument Distributions, Level 2 (L2), Burst Mode, 30 ms Data

The Fast Plasma Instrument (FPI) usually Operates in Fast Survey (FS) Mode in the MMS Region Of Interest (ROI) for the current Mission Phase. Data are taken at Burst (30/150 ms for DES/DIS) Resolution in this Mode. Data are also made available at Survey (4.5 s, etc.) Resolution. Per Mission Design, not all Burst Resolution Data are downlinked, but all Survey Data are downlinked. This Product contains Phase Space Distribution Maps of those Burst Resolution Data selected for downlink. In particular, the (highest possible Quality at the Time of Release) corrected/converted "Burst Sky Map" Distributions are reported with Time Stamps and other Annotation characterizing the State of the Instrument System at the indicated Time.

MMS 1 Fast Plasma Investigation, Dual Ion Spectrometer (FPI, DIS) Distribution Moments, Level 2 (L2), Burst Mode, 0.15 s Data

MMS 1 Fast Plasma Investigation, Dual Electron Spectrometer (FPI, DES) Distribution Moments, Level 2 (L2), Fast Mode, 4.5 s Data

The Fast Plasma Instrument (FPI) usually Operates in Fast Survey (FS) Mode in the MMS Region Of Interest (ROI) for the current Mission Phase. Data are taken at Burst (30/150 ms for DES/DIS) Resolution are aggregated onboard and made available at Survey (4.5 s) Resolution in this Mode. Planning around Calibration Activities, avoidance of Earth Radiation Belts, etc., when possible, FPI usually Operates in Slow Survey (SS) Mode outside of ROI, and then only the 60 s Resolution Survey Data are available. This Product contains Results from integrating the standard Moments of Phase Space Distributions formed from the indicated Data Type (DES/DIS Burst, FS or SS). For Convenience, some additional Parameters are included to augment those most commonly found in a Moments Product of this sort, plus Time Stamps and other Annotation characterizing the State of the Instrument System at the indicated Time.

Glacial and Fast Ice Distributions in Southeast Greenland Fjords V001

This data set provides spatial distributions of fast ice and glacial ice in eight fjords spanning the Southeast Greenland coast: Nansen, Kangerlusruaq, Ikertivaq, Skjoldungen, Tingmiarmiut, Napasorsvaq, Anoritup, and Kangerlluluk. Temporal coverage is discontinuous, depending on the availability and quality of images. Fjord data were sourced from USGS EarthExplorer, Copernicus Open Access Hub, and the NSIDC. Landsat-8 and MODIS imagery for ice identification were collected from NASA Worldview and USGS EarthExplorer. Fjord, fast ice, and glacial ice boundaries were manually delineated using ArcGIS. Glacial ice was further categorized as dense glacial melange (Type 3), substantial glacial ice with large icebergs (Type 2), low-density glacial ice with large icebergs (Type 1), consistent small ice surface without large icebergs (Type 0), or glacier surface (Type 99).

MMS 2 Fast Plasma Investigation, Dual Ion Spectrometer (FPI, DIS) Instrument Distributions, Level 2 (L2), Burst Mode, 0.15 s Data

The Fast Plasma Instrument (FPI) usually Operates in Fast Survey (FS) Mode in the MMS Region Of Interest (ROI) for the current Mission Phase. Data are taken at Burst (30/150 ms for DES/DIS) Resolution in this Mode. Data are also made available at Survey (4.5 s, etc.) Resolution. Per Mission Design, not all Burst Resolution Data are downlinked, but all Survey Data are downlinked. This Product contains Phase Space Distribution Maps of those Burst Resolution Data selected for downlink. In particular, the (highest possible Quality at the Time of Release) corrected/converted "Burst Sky Map" Distributions are reported with Time Stamps and other Annotation characterizing the State of the Instrument System at the indicated Time.

MMS 4 Fast Plasma Investigation, Dual Ion Spectrometer (FPI, DIS) Distribution Moments, Level 2 (L2), Fast Mode, 4.5 s Data

The Fast Plasma Instrument (FPI) usually Operates in Fast Survey (FS) Mode in the MMS Region Of Interest (ROI) for the current Mission Phase. Data are taken at Burst (30/150 ms for DES/DIS) Resolution are aggregated onboard and made available at Survey (4.5 s) Resolution in this Mode. Planning around Calibration Activities, avoidance of Earth Radiation Belts, etc., when possible, FPI usually Operates in Slow Survey (SS) Mode outside of ROI, and then only the 60 s Resolution Survey Data are available. This Product contains Results from integrating the standard Moments of Phase Space Distributions formed from the indicated Data Type (DES/DIS Burst, FS or SS). For Convenience, some additional Parameters are included to augment those most commonly found in a Moments Product of this sort, plus Time Stamps and other Annotation characterizing the State of the Instrument System at the indicated Time.