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Fig. 5 in Cuticular wax composition contributes to different strategies of foliar water uptake in six plant species from foggy rupestrian grassland in tropical mountains
Fig. 5. NMDS plot of leaf cuticular wax composition of each of the six plant species and (A) leaf water uptake speed (parameter k) and (B) maximum leaf water absorption (parameter Cmax).
Fig. 3 in Cuticular wax composition contributes to different strategies of foliar water uptake in six plant species from foggy rupestrian grassland in tropical mountains
Fig. 3. Gas chromatographic analysis of cuticular waxes of the six plant species with two different strategies of foliar water uptake (FWU). Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). Different letters indicate significant differences among plant species (P ≤ 0.05, One-Way ANOVA). Note that the x-axis scale is modified after the break.
Fig. 2 in Cuticular wax composition contributes to different strategies of foliar water uptake in six plant species from foggy rupestrian grassland in tropical mountains
Fig. 2. Leaf surfaces of the three plant species with fast foliar water uptake strategy under scanning electron microscopy. (A–C) Leandra australis (B) adaxial and (C) abaxial surfaces. (D–F) Byrsonima variabilis (E) adaxial and (F) abaxial surfaces. (G–I) Ocotea pulchella (H) adaxial and (I) abaxial surfaces. St: stomata; T: trichomes. Bars = 10 μm.
Fig. 1 in Cuticular wax composition contributes to different strategies of foliar water uptake in six plant species from foggy rupestrian grassland in tropical mountains
Fig. 1. Leaf surfaces of the three plant species with slow foliar water uptake strategy under scanning electron microscopy. (A–C) Pleroma heteromallum (B) adaxial and (C) abaxial surfaces. (D–F) Trembleya laniflora (E) adaxial and (F) abaxial surfaces. (G–I) Senna reniformis (H) adaxial and (I) abaxial surfaces. Em: emergence; St: stomata; T: trichomes; GT: glandular trichomes. Bars = 10 μm.
Characterization of signal and transit peptides based on motif composition and taxon-specific patterns
<p>These files contain data, sequences and supplementary information for the article entitled '<em>Characterization of signal and transit peptides based on motif composition and taxon-specific patterns</em>'.</p> <p><strong>Contents</strong></p> <ol> <li><strong>Raw_data.zip</strong> - contains raw data and sequences downloaded from UniProt and other databases. These files were used to create datasets used for described analyses.</li> <li><strong>Datasets.zip</strong> - presequence and peptide datasets obtained from raw data and used for all subsequent analyses.</li> <li><strong>Motif_analysis_reports_presequences_AMP.zip</strong> - HTML reports with detailed analyses of motif composition of presequences and AMPs</li> <li><strong>Motif_analysis_reports_presequences_encoded.zip</strong> - HTML reports with detailed analyses of motif composition of presequences using reduced alphabets</li> <li><strong>Motif_analysis_reports_presequences_taxonomy.zip</strong> - HTML reports with detailed analyses of motif composition of presequences for different taxons</li> <li><strong>Motif_analysis_reports_SP_taxonomy.zip</strong> - HTML reports with detailed analyses of motif composition of signal peptides on different taxonomic levels</li> <li><strong>Motif_analysis_reports_presequences_counts.zip </strong> - HTML reports with detailed analyses of motifs occuring more than once in presequences and AMPs</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Targeting peptides or presequences are N-terminal extensions of proteins that encode information about their cellular localization. They include signal peptides (SP), which target proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and transit peptides (TP) directing proteins to the organelles of endosymbiotic origin: chloroplasts and mitochondria. TPs were hypothesized to have evolved from antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are responsible for the host defence against microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. In this study, we performed a comprehensive bioinformatic analyses of amino acid motifs of targeting peptides and AMPs using a curated set of experimentally verified proteins. We identified motifs frequently occurring in each type of presequence showing specific patterns associated with their amino acid composition, and investigated their position within the presequence. We also compared motif patterns among different taxonomic groups and identified taxon-specific features, providing some evolutionary insights. Considering the functional relevance and many practical applications of targeting peptides and AMPs, we believe that our analyses will prove useful for their design, and better understanding of protein import mechanism and presequence evolution.</p>
Comparison of Acidity and Chemical Composition of Summertime Cloud Water and Aerosol at an Alpine Site in Northwest China: Implication for Elevated pH of Cloud
<p>Low molecular weight organic acids and water-soluble ion data of Cloud water and PM2.5 samples in Mt. Hua</p>
Figure 8. Spionidae head composition. A in Origin of the pointed snout in Scolelepis and the mouth region in spionid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae)
Figure 8. Spionidae head composition. A, Dispio sp., anterior end, ventral view. B, same, leħ lateral view, palps missing. C, Malacoceros vulgaris (Johnston 1827), anterior end, ventral view. D, same, leħ lateral view, palps missing. E, Laonice sp., anterior end, ventral view. F, same, leħ lateral view, palps missing. Abbreviations: lp, lateral peristomial lip; pr, prostomium; s1, segment 1; vp, ventral peristomial lip. Scale bars: A, B, 200 µm; C–F, 100 µm. A, B, Andros Is., Bahamas (USNM 42735). C, D, Sandgerđi, Iceland (USNM 1014839). E, F, Carrie Bow Cay, Caribbean Sea, Belize (USNM 1459258).
Figure 10. Spionidae head composition. A, B in Origin of the pointed snout in Scolelepis and the mouth region in spionid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae)
Figure 10. Spionidae head composition. A, B, Paraprionospio sp., anterior ends, leħ lateral view. C, Aonides mayaguezensis Foster 1969, anterior end, ventral view. D, same, leħ lateral view, palps missing. E, F, Poecilochaetus trilobatus Imajima 1989, anterior end, fronto-ventral view, palps missing. Abbreviations: do, dorsal ciliated fold; lp, lateral peristomial lip; pa, palp; pr, prostomium; sh, basal sheath on palp; s1, s2, segments 1, 2; tu, prostomial tubercle; vp, ventral peristomial lip. Scale bars: A, B, E, F, 100 µm; C, D, 50 µm. A, B, North Carolina, USA (USNM 64109). C, D, Carrie Bow Cay, Caribbean Sea, Belize (USNM 1459211). E, F, Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan, Russia (USNM 1022171).
Figure 9. Spionidae head composition. A in Origin of the pointed snout in Scolelepis and the mouth region in spionid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae)
Figure 9. Spionidae head composition. A, Microspio microcera (Dorsey 1977), anterior end, ventral view. B, same, leħ lateral view, palps missing. C, Boccardia sp., anterior end, ventral view. D, Boccardia perata (Chlebovitsch 1959), anterior end, ventral view. E, Polydora rickettsi, anterior end, ventral view. F, Polydora ecuadoriana Blake 1983, leħ lateral view, palps missing. Abbreviations: do, dorsal ciliated fold; lp, lateral peristomial lip; pa, palp scar; pr, prostomium; s1, segment 1; vp, ventral peristomial lip. Scale bars: A, B, 50 µm; C, D, 200 µm; E, F, 100 µm. A, B, Carrie Bow Cay, Caribbean Sea, Belize (USNM 1459275). C, Rashua Is., Middle Kuriles, Russia (MIMB). D, Shikotan Is., South Kurile Is., Russia (USNM 183472). E, Coquimbo, Tongoy Bay, Chile (SMF 13491). F, Paranaguá Bay, Paraná, Brazil (USNM 1022185).
Figure 15 in The earliest-diverging avemetatarsalian: a new osteoderm- bearing taxon from the Triassic (?Earliest Late Triassic) of Madagascar and the composition of avemetatarsalian assemblages prior to the radiation of dinosaurs
Figure 15. Anterior caudal vertebra referred to Mambachiton fiandohana (FMNH PR 5065) in less lateral (A), right lateral (B), anterior (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E), and ventral (F) views. Arrows indicate anterior direction. Scale bars = 1 cm. Abbreviations: ns, neural spine; pre, prezygapophysis; poz, postzygapophysis; tp, transverse process.
Figure 8 in The earliest-diverging avemetatarsalian: a new osteoderm- bearing taxon from the Triassic (?Earliest Late Triassic) of Madagascar and the composition of avemetatarsalian assemblages prior to the radiation of dinosaurs
Figure 8. Middle to posterior cervical vertebrae of the holotype of Mambachiton fiandohana (UA 8-25-97-132). Fissh persevered cervical vertebra in less lateral (A), right lateral (B), anterior (C), posterior (D), ventral (E), and dorsal (F) views. Seventh preserved cervical vertebra in less lateral (G), right lateral (H), anterior (I), posterior (J), ventral (K), and dorsal (L) views. Colours of the vertebrae correspond to those in Figures 3–6. Arrows indicate anterior direction. Scale bars = 1 cm. Abbreviations: dia, diapophysis; ns, neural spine; par, parapophysis; pre, prezygapophysis; poz, postzygapophysis.
Figure 16 in The earliest-diverging avemetatarsalian: a new osteoderm- bearing taxon from the Triassic (?Earliest Late Triassic) of Madagascar and the composition of avemetatarsalian assemblages prior to the radiation of dinosaurs
Figure 16. Scapulocoracoids referred to Mambachiton fiandohana (FMNH PR 5065). Right scapulocoracoid (FMNH PR 5065, collected as field number 9-7-03-788) in lateral (A), ventrolateral (B), posterior (C), and medial (D) views. Less scapulocoracoid (FMNH PR 5065, collected as field number 9-1-98-395) in lateral (E), ventrolateral (F), posterior (G), and medial (H) views. Arrows indicate anterior direction. Scale bars = 1 cm. Abbreviations: acp, acromion process; cf, coracoid foramen; co, coracoid; gl, glenoid; sc, scapula; tu, tuber.
Figure 19 in The earliest-diverging avemetatarsalian: a new osteoderm- bearing taxon from the Triassic (?Earliest Late Triassic) of Madagascar and the composition of avemetatarsalian assemblages prior to the radiation of dinosaurs
Figure 19. Dinosauriform remains from the type locality of Mambachiton fiandohana ('M-13') (C–K) and another contemporaneous 'basal Isalo II'/Makay Formation locality with a similar fauna (A, B). Less maxilla fragment (FMNH PR 5068) in lateral (A) and medial (B) views. Smaller less tibia (FMNH PR 5066) in proximal (C), distal (D), lateral (E), and medial (F) views. Larger less tibia (UA-8-24-98-199) in anterior (G), medial (H), posterior (I), and lateral (J), and distal views. Arrow indicates anterior direction. Scales = 1 cm. Abbreviations: a., articulates with; aas, ascending process of the astragalus; anf, antorbital fenestra; anfo, antorbital fossa; cc, cnemial crest; g, groove; lc, lateral condyle; lp, lateral process; mc, medial condyle; pp, palatal process; t, tooth.
Figure 5 in The earliest-diverging avemetatarsalian: a new osteoderm- bearing taxon from the Triassic (?Earliest Late Triassic) of Madagascar and the composition of avemetatarsalian assemblages prior to the radiation of dinosaurs
Figure 5. Articulated cervical vertebra and osteoderm series of Mambachiton fiandohana (UA 8-25-97-132) in dorsal view as a photograph (A), line drawing (B), and CT rendering model with the osteoderms and matrix removed (C). Grey shading (B) indicates sandstone matrix. Arrow indicates anterior direction. Scale bar = 5 cm. Abbreviations: 1st, first preserved cervical vertebra; 7th, seventh preserved cervical vertebra; cr, cervical rib; os, osteoderms.
Figure 3 in The earliest-diverging avemetatarsalian: a new osteoderm- bearing taxon from the Triassic (?Earliest Late Triassic) of Madagascar and the composition of avemetatarsalian assemblages prior to the radiation of dinosaurs
Figure 3. Articulated cervical vertebra and osteoderm series of Mambachiton fiandohana (UA 8-25-97-132) in right lateral view as a photograph (A), line drawing (B), and CT rendering model with the osteoderms and matrix removed (C). Grey shading in (B) indicates sandstone matrix. Arrow indicates anterior direction. Scale bar = 5 cm. Abbreviations: 1st, first preserved cervical vertebra; 7th, seventh preserved cervical vertebra; cr, cervical rib; os, osteoderms.
Figure 6 in The earliest-diverging avemetatarsalian: a new osteoderm- bearing taxon from the Triassic (?Earliest Late Triassic) of Madagascar and the composition of avemetatarsalian assemblages prior to the radiation of dinosaurs
Figure 6. Articulated cervical vertebra and osteoderm series of Mambachiton fiandohana (UA 8-25-97-132) in ventral view as a photograph (A), line drawing (B), and CT rendering model with the osteoderms and matrix removed (C). Grey shading in (B) indicates sandstone matrix. Arrow indicates anterior direction. Scale bar = 5 cm. Abbreviations: 1st, first preserved cervical vertebra; 7th, seventh preserved cervical vertebra; cr, cervical rib; os, osteoderms.
Figure 2 in The earliest-diverging avemetatarsalian: a new osteoderm- bearing taxon from the Triassic (?Earliest Late Triassic) of Madagascar and the composition of avemetatarsalian assemblages prior to the radiation of dinosaurs
Figure 2. Right postfrontal of the holotype of Mambachiton fiandohana (UA 8-25-97-132) in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Arrow indicates anterior direction. Scale bar = 1 cm. Abbreviations: a., articulates with; fr, frontal; om, orbit margin; pa, parietal; stf, supratemporal fossa.
Figure 14. Sacral vertebra 1 in The earliest-diverging avemetatarsalian: a new osteoderm- bearing taxon from the Triassic (?Earliest Late Triassic) of Madagascar and the composition of avemetatarsalian assemblages prior to the radiation of dinosaurs
Figure 14. Sacral vertebra 1 referred to Mambachiton fiandohana (FMNH PR 5065) in less lateral (A), right lateral (B), ventrolateral to highlight the articular surface of sacral rib 1 (C), anterior (D), posterior (E), dorsal (F), and ventral (G) views. Arrows indicate anterior direction. Scale bars = 1 cm. Abbreviations: ns, neural spine; pre, prezygapophysis; poz, postzygapophysis; sr, sacral rib.
Figure 1 in The earliest-diverging avemetatarsalian: a new osteoderm- bearing taxon from the Triassic (?Earliest Late Triassic) of Madagascar and the composition of avemetatarsalian assemblages prior to the radiation of dinosaurs
Figure 1. Reconstruction of Mambachiton fiandohana, based on that of Teleocrater rhadinus (Nesbiư et al. 2017). Light blue bones represent elements from the holotype and light red bones are from the referred material which we consider to be from the same individual. Scale bar = 25 cm.
Figure 4 in The earliest-diverging avemetatarsalian: a new osteoderm- bearing taxon from the Triassic (?Earliest Late Triassic) of Madagascar and the composition of avemetatarsalian assemblages prior to the radiation of dinosaurs
Figure 4. Articulated cervical vertebra and osteoderm series of Mambachiton fiandohana (UA 8-25-97-132) in less lateral view as a photograph (A), line drawing (B), and CT rendering model with the osteoderms and matrix removed (C). Grey shading in (B) indicates sandstone matrix. Arrow indicates anterior direction. Scale bar = 5 cm. Abbreviations: 1st, first preserved cervical vertebra; 7th, seventh preserved cervical vertebra; cr, cervical rib; os, osteoderms.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.