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19,493 results for “Populism”
FIGURE 1 in Occurrence of the sabretooth cat Smilodon populator (Felidae, Machairodontinae) in the Cuvieri cave, eastern Brazil
FIGURE 1. Location of the Cuvieri Cave, Lagoa Santa region. State of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Data from: Vocal signatures affected by population identity and environmental sound levels
<p>Passive acoustic monitoring has improved our understanding of vocalizing organisms in remote habitats and during all weather conditions. Many vocally active species are highly mobile, and their populations overlap. However, distinct vocalizations allow the tracking and discrimination of individuals or populations. Using signature whistles, the individually distinct calls of bottlenose dolphins, we calculated a minimum abundance of individuals, characterized and compared signature whistles from five locations, and determined reoccurrences of individuals throughout the Mid-Atlantic Bight and Chesapeake Bay, USA. We identified 1,888 signature whistles in which the duration, number of extrema, start, end, and minimum frequencies of signature whistles varied significantly by site. All characteristics of signature whistles were deemed important for determining from which site the whistle originated and due to the distinct signature whistle characteristics and lack of spatial mixing of the dolphins detected at the Offshore site, we suspect that these dolphins are of a different population than those at the Coastal and Bay sites. Signature whistles were also found to be shorter when sound levels were higher. Using only the passively recorded vocalizations of this marine top predator, we obtained information about its population and how it is affected by ambient sound levels, which will increase as offshore wind energy is developed. In this rapidly developing area, these calls offer critical management insights for this protected species.</p>
Data and code for: Sea level rise causes shorebird population collapse before habitat drowns
<p>Sea level rise causes habitat loss and is considered to be a key threat to coastal species globally. Sea level rise also reduces habitat quality, potentially threatening populations already before habitat drowns and is lost. The extent and timing of changes in habitat quality for wildlife actively adapting to sea level rise, and how this affects population numbers under different emission scenarios, is unknown. Here, we combine long-term field data with models of sea level rise, marsh geomorphology, adaptive behaviour, and population dynamics to show that habitat quality is already declining on three islands due to increased flooding of shorebird nests. Also, population collapses are projected well before habitat drowns. Habitat loss, a widely used proxy, thus severely underestimates population impacts of sea level rise and coastal species will suffer much sooner than previously thought. Despite shorebirds adapting by moving to higher grounds, sea level rise will result in up to 79% fewer birds in a century, eventually leading to extinction in their prime habitat. Local gas mining exacerbates matters, as deep soil subsidence makes habitat even more vulnerable to sea level rise, effectively halving the window of opportunity for conservation action. Climate change ultimately jeopardizes the biodiversity value of this UNESCO World Heritage Area, and nature management needs to take this long-term perspective on board by in the short-term, boosting the accretion of tidal marshes or developing flood-safe alternative habitat elsewhere.</p>
Data from: Genetic analysis of red deer (Cervus elaphus) administrative management units in a human-dominated landscape - patterns of genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow
<p><span><span>Red deer (</span><span><em>Cervus elaphus</em></span><span>) throughout central Europe are</span> impacted by different anthropogenic activities including habitat fragmentation, selective hunting, and translocations<span>. This has substantial influences on genetic diversity and the long-term conservation of local populations of this species. Here we use genetic samples from 480 red deer individuals to assess the genetic diversity and differentiation of the 12 administrative management units located in Schleswig Holstein, the northernmost federal state in Germany. </span></span><span><span>We applied multiple analytical approaches and show that the history of local populations (i.e., translocations, culling of individuals outside of designated red deer zones, and anthropogenic infrastructures) has led to comparably low levels of genetic diversity. The mean expected heterozygosity was below 0.6 and we observed on average 4.2 alleles across 12 microsatellite loci. Effective population sizes below the recommended level of 50 were estimated for multiple local populations. </span></span><span><span>Our estimates of genetic structure and gene flow show that red deer in northern Germany are best described as a complex network of asymmetrically connected subpopulations, with high genetic exchange among some local populations and reduced connectivity of others. Genetic diversity was also correlated with population densities of neighboring management units. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>Based on these findings, we suggest that connectivity among existing management units needs to be considered in the practical management of the species, which means that some administrative management units should be managed together, while the effective isolation of other units needs to be mitigated.</span></span></p>
Data from: genetic evidence of differential dispersal pattern in Asiatic wild dog: comparing populations with different pack size and tiger densities
<p><span>Dispersal is a multi-causal, crucial life-history event in shaping the genetic and behavioral structure of mammals. We assessed the dispersal pattern of dholes aka Asiatic wild dog (<em>Cuon alpinus</em>), a social monogamous mammal at two tiger reserves of Maharashtra with different degrees of pack size and competition with tigers i.e. Tadoba-Andhari (TATR, smaller pack size, higher tiger density) and Nawegaon-Nagzira (NNTR, larger pack size, lower tiger density). We used the microsatellite data of 174 individual genotypes (98 males and 67 females) to assess the dispersal pattern of dholes from two populations with varying pack size, tiger density, and landscape connectivity using gene flow as a proxy. We compared the population structure, pairwise F statistics, assignment index, and relatedness across a spatial scale. Overall, the results suggested a difference in sex-bias dispersal pattern for the two sub-populations, exhibiting significant results for female-biased dispersal in the TATR population with a smaller pack size and higher tiger density. Our study highlights the variability in sex-biased dispersal patterns in two different populations which could be the consequence of different variables such as pack size, tiger density, and geographical scale. The study warrants further quantitative investigation including several factors including individual behavior, pack composition, pack size, tiger density, etc. In the present Anthropocene era, determining the sex bias in dispersal patterns for a short-range, pack-living carnivore will help in devising an effective conservation management plan for their long-term survival.</span></p>
Population-level variant frequencies in segmental duplication regions
<p>Variant frequencies in segmental duplication regions analyzed by <a href="https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/paraphase">Paraphase</a> in five ancestral populations.</p>
Data from: Major group-B enterovirus populations deleted in the noncoding 5' region of genomic RNA modulate activation of the type I interferon pathway in cardiomyocytes and induce myocarditis
<p>Major 5'-terminally deleted (5'TD) RNA forms of group-B coxsackievirus (CVB-5'TD) has been associated with myocarditis in both mice and humans. Although it is known that interferon-β (IFN-β) signaling is critical for an efficient innate immune response against CVB-induced myocarditis, the link between CVB-5'TD RNA forms and type I IFN signaling in cardiomyocytes remains to be explored. In a mouse model of CVB3/28-induced myocarditis, major early-emerging forms of CVB-5'TD RNA have been characterized as replicative viral populations that impair IFN-β production in the heart. Synthetic CVB3/28 RNA forms mimicking each of these major 5'TD virus populations were transfected in mice and have been shown to modulate innate immune responses in the heart and to induce myocarditis in mice. Remarkably, transfection of synthetic viral RNA with deletions in the secondary structures of the 5'-terminal CVB3 RNA domain I, modifying stem-loops "b", "c" or "d", were found to impair IFN-β production in human cardiomyocytes. In addition, the activation of innate immune response by Poly(I:C), was found to restore IFN-β production and to reduce the burden of CVB-5'TD RNA-forms in cardiac tissues, thereby reducing the mortality rate of infected mice. Overall, our results indicate that major early-emerging CVB3 populations deleted in the domain I of genomic RNA, in the 5' noncoding region, modulate the activation of the type I IFN pathway in cardiomyocytes and induce myocarditis in mice. These findings shed new light on the role of replicative CVB-5'TD RNA forms as key pathophysiological factors in CVB-induced human myocarditis.</p>
First insights into population structure and genetic diversity versus host specificity in trypanorhynch tapeworms using multiplexed shotgun genotyping
<p>Theory predicts relaxed host specificity and high host vagility should contribute to reduced genetic structure in parasites while strict host specificity and low host vagility should increase genetic structure. Though these predictions are intuitive, they have never been explicitly tested in a population genomic framework. Trypanorhynch tapeworms, which parasitize sharks and rays (elasmobranchs) as definitive hosts, are the only order of elasmobranch tapeworms that exhibit considerable variability in their definitive host specificity. This allows for unique combinations of host use and geographic range, making trypanorhynchs ideal candidates for studying how these traits influence population-level structure and genetic diversity. Multiplexed shotgun genotyping (MSG) datasets were generated to characterize component population structure and infrapopulation diversity for a representative of each trypanorhynch suborder: the ray-hosted <em>Rhinoptericola megacantha</em> (Trypanobatoida) and the shark-hosted Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (Trypanoselachoida). Adults of <em>R. megacantha</em> are more host-specific and less broadly distributed than adults of <em>C. gracilis</em>, allowing correlation between these factors and genetic structure. Replicate tapeworm specimens were sequenced from the same host individual, from multiple conspecific hosts within and across geographic regions, and from multiple definitive host species. For <em>R. megacantha</em>, population structure coincided with geography rather than host species. For <em>C. gracilis</em>, limited population structure was found, suggesting a potential link between degree of host specificity and structure. Conspecific trypanorhynchs from the same host individual were found to be as, or more, genetically divergent from one another as from conspecifics from different host individuals. For both species, high levels of homozygosity and positive FIS values were documented.</p>
Fig. 1. a in Spirostomum teres: A Long Term Study of an Anoxic-Hypolimnion Population Feeding upon Photosynthesizing Microorganisms
Fig. 1. a) Temperature and b) photosynthetically active radiation profiles in Lake Alchichica.
Fig. 11 in Spirostomum teres: A Long Term Study of an Anoxic-Hypolimnion Population Feeding upon Photosynthesizing Microorganisms
Fig. 11. Spirostomum teres occurrence (%) in habitats defined by DO concentration (mgL–1).
CMIP6 tmax and tmin data for 50 most populous cities in USA
<p>These data were downloaded from Google Earth Engine. Each csv includes Year Month Day CM Scenario and other columns. CM includes three scenario (historical, ssp245 and ssp585). The scenario involves the parameter (tasmax or tasmin). Other columns means the city ID. The city ID and corresponding city name can be seen in the csv file named UID Abbreviation.csv above and the shapefile of cities were used from the open repository (Chen et al. 2022). This global inventory includes 247 cities within the contiguous US. This can be found at: <strong>Chen, B., Wu, S., Song, Y. <em>et al.</em> Contrasting inequality in human exposure to greenspace between cities of Global North and Global South. <em>Nat Commun</em> <strong>13</strong>, 4636 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32258-4.<br><br><br></strong>And to select the 50 populous cities, 1 km X 1 km resolution imagery of population by Wang et. al (2022) was used.<strong>[Wang, X., Meng, X. & Long, Y. Projecting 1 km-grid population distributions from 2020 to 2100 globally under shared socioeconomic pathways. <em>Sci Data</em> 9, 563 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01675-x]. </strong>Based on this, we ranked 50 cities from those 247 US cities found in Chen et al. 2022.<br><br>Those data and real names of the cities can be studied from these papers.</p>
Figure 1 in Genetic characterization of field populations of Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae) sampled from the Aegean region of Turkey
Figure 1. Map of collection localities for mosquitoes.
Figure 2. A in Genetic characterization of field populations of Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae) sampled from the Aegean region of Turkey
Figure 2. A UPGMA dendrogram based on Nei's (1972) genetic distances among C. pipiens populations.
Figure 2 in Assessing age, growth, and reproduction of Alburnus mossulensis and Acanthobrama marmid (Cyprinidae) populations in Karakaya Dam Lake (Turkey)
Figure 2. Age and length (FL) relationship due to age groups in A. mossulensis females.
Figure 3 in Assessing age, growth, and reproduction of Alburnus mossulensis and Acanthobrama marmid (Cyprinidae) populations in Karakaya Dam Lake (Turkey)
Figure 3. Age and length (FL) relationship due to age groups in A. mossulensis males.
Figure 1 in Assessing age, growth, and reproduction of Alburnus mossulensis and Acanthobrama marmid (Cyprinidae) populations in Karakaya Dam Lake (Turkey)
Figure 1. Map of the study area (modified from Gokce and Ozhan, 2011).
FIG. 1 in Demographic and spatial structure at the stage of expansion in the populations of some alien land snails in Belgorod city (Central Russian Upland)
FIG. 1. Map of study sites. РИС. 1. Карта раЗмеЩения исследуемых участков.
Table 2 Cycle threshold obtained for the 6 in Investigation on possible transmission of monkeys' Plasmodium to human in a populations living in the equatorial rainforest of the Democratic republic of Congo
<p><b>Table 2</b> Cycle threshold obtained for the 6 plasmodium species.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>P. falciparum</th><th>P. malaria</th><th>P. ovale</th><th>P. vivax</th><th>P. vinckei</th><th><i>P. berghei</i></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>1st RT-PCR</th><td>16.98</td><td>26.01</td><td>26.08</td><td>30.15</td><td>15.18</td><td>20.33</td></tr><tr><th>2nd RT-PCR</th><td>18.07</td><td>26.69</td><td>26.66</td><td>30.48</td><td>No signal</td><td>No signal</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 1 in Investigation on possible transmission of monkeys' Plasmodium to human in a populations living in the equatorial rainforest of the Democratic republic of Congo
<p><b>Table 1</b> Primers and probes sequences for the two RT-PCR.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>RT-PCR</th><th>Forward primer</th><th>Reverse primer</th><th>Probes</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><i>plasmodiums</i> <i>sp</i></th><td>5Į- GTTAAGGGAGTGAAGACGA TCAGA-3' (Plasmo1)</td><td>5Į- TTATGAGAAATCAAAGTCTTTGGGTT-3' (Plasmo2)</td><td>5Į- FAM-ACCGTCGTAA TCTTAACCAT AAACTATGCC GACTAG-TAMRA- 3' (plasprobe)</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pfal</i></th><td>5Į- CTAGGTGTTGGATG-3Į</td><td></td><td>5Į- FAM-AGCAATCTAAAAGTCACCTCGAAAGATGACT-DQ-3' (Falprobe)</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pova</i></th><td>5Į- CGACTAGGTTTTGGATG-3Į</td><td></td><td>5Į- VIC-CGAAAGGAATTTTCTTATT-DQ-3’ (Ovaprobe)</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pviv</i></th><td>5Į- GACTAGGCTTTGGATG-3Į</td><td></td><td>5Į- VIC-AGCAATCTAAGAATAAACTCCGAAGAGAAAATTCT-DQ-3' (Vivprobe)</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pmal</i></th><td>5Į- GACTAGGTGTTGGATG-3Į</td><td></td><td>5Į- FAM-CTATCTAAAAGAAACACTCAT-DQ-3’ (Malprobe)</td></tr></tbody></table>
Chinese Reference Population: open-source age-dependent computational phantoms of reference Chinese population
<p>The<strong> Chinese Reference Population (CRP)</strong> phantoms dataset encompass <strong>30 phantoms</strong> available in both voxel and NURBS formats, with age in 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18 years and adult male and female, as well as 4 pregnant women and fetus in early pregnancy, first trimester, second trimester and third trimester.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Voxelized phantoms</strong> are accessible in NII format :<strong> <em>"XXX.nii", which could be opened in AMIDE software.</em></strong></li> <li>Excel file<strong> </strong>containing<strong> organ masses and other descriptive information </strong>:<strong> <em>"CRP_descriptive_Info.xlsx"</em></strong></li> <li>In the application of F18−FDG dose calculation, <strong>organ absorbed doses per unit activity administered </strong>is provided in an Excel file :<strong> <em>"Application_F18-FDG.xlsx"</em></strong></li> </ul> <p>All data are stored on Zenodo and can be publicly accessed.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.