Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
4,585
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
4,585 results for “Scorpion”
Figures 48–52 in Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part XXV. Description of Pandinurus awalei sp. n. and the male of Pandiborellius somalilandus (Kovařík, 2012), with remarks on recent synonymies (Scorpionidae: Pandininae)
Figures 48–52: Pandinurus awalei sp. n. Figures 48–52. Male holotype, pedipalp chela and patella dorsal (48), external (49) and ventral (50) views, femur and trochanter dorsal (51), and ventral (52) views. Figure 53. Type locality
Phylogenomics of scorpions reveal contemporaneous diversification of scorpion mammalian predators and mammal-active sodium channel toxins
<p>Scorpions constitute a charismatic lineage of arthropods and comprise more than 2,500 described species. Found throughout various tropical and temperate habitats, these predatory arachnids have a long evolutionary history, with a fossil record that began in the Silurian. While all scorpions are venomous, the asymmetrically diverse family Buthidae harbors nearly half the diversity of extant scorpions, and all but one of the 58 species that are medically significant to humans. However, the lack of a densely sampled scorpion phylogeny has hindered broader inferences of the diversification dynamics of scorpion toxins. As redress, we assembled a phylogenomic dataset of 100 scorpion venom transcriptomes and/or genomes, emphasizing the sampling of highly toxic buthid genera. To infer divergence times of venom gene families, we applied a phylogenomic node dating approach for the species tree in tandem with phylostratigraphic bracketing to estimate minimum ages of mammal-specific toxins. Our analyses establish a robustly supported phylogeny of scorpions, particularly with regard to relationships between medically significant taxa. Analysis of venom gene families shows that mammal-specific sodium channel toxins have independently evolved in five lineages within Buthidae. Temporal windows of mammal-specific toxin origins are correlated with the basal diversification of major scorpion mammal predators such as carnivores, shrews, bats and rodents. These results suggest an evolutionary model of relatively recent diversification of buthid sodium channel toxin (NaTx) homologs in response to diversification of scorpion predators.</p>
Fitness implications of nonlethal injuries in scorpions: females, but not males pay reproductive costs
<p>The ability to detach a body part in response to a predation attempt is known as autotomy, and it is perhaps the most intensively studied form of nonlethal injury in animals. Although autotomy enhances survival, it may impose reproductive costs to both males and females. We experimentally investigated how autotomy affects the reproductive success of males and females of a scorpion species. Individuals of Ananteris balzani autotomize the last abdominal segments ("tail"), losing the anus and leading to lifelong constipation since regeneration does not occur. Although male "tail" is used during courtship and sperm transfer, autotomy had no effect on male mating success. The combined effect of increased mortality and reduced fecundity resulted in autotomized females producing nearly 35% less offspring than intact females. In conclusion, the negative effects of "tail" autotomy are clearly sex-dependent, probably because the factors that influence reproductive success in males and females are markedly different.</p>
Data from: Biogeography of scorpions in the Pseudouroctonus minimus complex (Vaejovidae) from south-western North America: implications of ecological specialization for pre-Quaternary diversification
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of pre-Quaternary tectonics and orogeny relative to that of Pleistocene climate change on diversification within the Pseudouroctonus minimus complex, a group of vaejovid scorpions with stenotopic habitat requirements. Location: South-western North America (United States and Mexico). Methods: Multilocus sequence data (1899 base pairs from two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes) were generated from 65 samples of scorpions in the minimus complex. Phylogeographical structure within the minimus complex was explored using model-based phylogenetic methods and a general mixed Yule coalescent model to identify independent geographical clusters. A time-calibrated multilocus species tree was reconstructed using a multispecies coalescent approach. Ancestral areas were estimated at divergence events across the tree using a probabilistic Bayesian approach. Results: Extensive geographical structure was evident within two well-supported clades. These clades probably diverged over 25 million years ago (Ma), based on estimated mean divergence dates, followed by 14 divergences in the Miocene (25–5 Ma) and 4 divergences in the Pliocene and Pleistocene (< 5 Ma). The ancestral origin of the minimus complex was reconstructed to be across California and the Mexican Highlands. The Chihuahuan Desert was colonized twice from the Mexican Highlands, and one dispersal event occurred from the Mexican Highlands back to California. Main conclusions: Spatial and temporal patterns of evolution in the minimus complex support predictions that stenotopy promoted pre-Quaternary diversification. Miocene and Pliocene geomorphology, perhaps in concert with climate change, induced allopatric divergence across the heterogeneous landscape of south-western North America. Stenotopic scorpions such as the minimus complex provide a model for exploring correlations between Earth history and biological diversification.
Data from: Bearding the scorpion in his den: desert isopods take risks to validate their 'landscape of fear' assessment
Animals balance the risk of predation against other vital needs by adjusting their spatial behavior to match spatiotemporal variation in predation risk. To map this 'landscape of fear', prey use evolutionary rules of thumbs that are associated with the activity and hunting efficiency of predators. In addition, prey acquire perceptual information about the presence, identity, and state of potential predators and use these cues to focus their acute anti-predatory responses. Our goal was to explore if and how prey also use such perceptual information that decays with time to update their spatiotemporal risk assessment. We placed scorpions in freshly dug burrows and recorded the isopods' spatial activity and their defense behavior upon encountering the burrows straight after settling the scorpions and seven days later. To corroborate our understanding, we also examined the isopods' detailed reactions towards deserted scorpion burrows. The isopods reacted defensively to scorpion burrows during their first encounter. After seven days, proportionally more isopods approached the scorpion burrows on their way out for foraging and fewer isopods encountered it on their way back. No changes in the spatial activity were observed towards deserted burrows. In addition, on the eighth day, more isopods entered the risky area near the scorpion burrows when leaving their own burrow than on the first encounter. The results suggest that isopods used predator cues to readjust the 'landscape of fear'. Yet, rather than avoiding the dangerous areas altogether, the isopods implemented risky inspection behavior, validating whether the danger is actual. Our findings imply that inspection behavior toward predators can be used for future planning of prey spatial activity, offsetting possible 'information decay costs'.
Data from: Evolution of life history traits in geographically isolated populations of Vaejovis scorpions (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae)
Geographical isolation can over time accumulate life-history variation which can eventually lead to speciation. We used five species of Vaejovis scorpions that have been isolated from one another since the Pleistocene glaciation to identify if biogeographical patterns have allowed for the accumulation of life-history variation among species. Gravid females were captured and brought back to the lab until giving birth. Once offspring had begun to disperse, measurements of female size, reproductive investment, offspring size, offspring number, and variation in offspring size were recorded. Differences in how each species allocated energy to these variables were analysed utilizing path analysis and structural equation modelling. Female and offspring size, litter size, and total litter mass differed among species, but relative energetic investment did not. Most significant differences among species were not present after removing the effect of female size, indicating that female size is a major source of life-history variation. Path analyses indicated that there was no size–number trade-off within any species and that each species allocates energy toward total litter mass differently. Additionally, as offspring size increased, the variation in offspring mass decreased. These results show that each species allocates the same relative amount of energy in different ways. The variation seen could be a response to environmental variability or uncertainty, a product of maternal effects, or caused by the sufficient accumulation of genetic differences due to geographical isolation.
Data from: Watch out for your neighbor: climbing onto shrubs is related to risk of cannibalism in the scorpion Buthus cf. occitanus
The distribution and behavior of foraging animals usually imply a balance between resource availability and predation risk. In some predators such as scorpions, cannibalism constitutes an important mortality factor determining their ecology and behavior. Climbing on vegetation by scorpions has been related both to prey availability and to predation (cannibalism) risk. We tested different hypotheses proposed to explain climbing on vegetation by scorpions. We analyzed shrub climbing in Buthus cf. occitanus with regard to the following: a) better suitability of prey size for scorpions foraging on shrubs than on the ground, b) selection of shrub species with higher prey load, c) seasonal variations in prey availability on shrubs, and d) whether or not cannibalism risk on the ground increases the frequency of shrub climbing. Prey availability on shrubs was compared by estimating prey abundance in sticky traps placed in shrubs. A prey sample from shrubs was measured to compare prey size. Scorpions were sampled in six plots (50 m x 10 m) to estimate the proportion of individuals climbing on shrubs. Size difference and distance between individuals and their closest scorpion neighbor were measured to assess cannibalism risk. The results showed that mean prey size was two-fold larger on the ground. Selection of particular shrub species was not related to prey availability. Seasonal variations in the number of scorpions on shrubs were related to the number of active scorpions, but not with fluctuations in prey availability. Size differences between a scorpion and its nearest neighbor were positively related with a higher probability for a scorpion to climb onto a shrub when at a disadvantage, but distance was not significantly related. These results do not support hypotheses explaining shrub climbing based on resource availability. By contrast, our results provide evidence that shrub climbing is related to cannibalism risk.
Data from: Genomic data reveal ancient microendemism in forest scorpions across the California Floristic Province
The California Floristic Province (CFP) in western North America is a globally significant biodiversity hotspot. Elucidating patterns of endemism and the historical drivers of this diversity has been an important challenge of comparative phylogeography for over two decades. We generated phylogenomic data using ddRADseq to examine genetic structure in Uroctonus forest scorpions, an ecologically restricted and dispersal-limited organism widely distributed across the CFP north to the Columbia River. We coupled our genetic data with species distribution models (SDMs) to determine climatically suitable areas for Uroctonus both now and during the Last Glacial Maximum. Based on our analyses, Uroctonus is composed of two major genetic groups that likely diverged over 2 million years ago. Each of these groups itself contains numerous genetic groups that reveal a pattern of vicariance and microendemism across the CFP. Migration rates among these populations are low. SDMs suggest forest scorpion habitat has remained relatively stable over the last 21 000 years, consistent with the genetic data. Our results suggest tectonic plate rafting, mountain uplift, river drainage formation and climate-induced habitat fragmentation have all likely played a role in the diversification of Uroctonus. The intricate pattern of genetic fragmentation revealed across a temporal continuum highlights the potential of low-dispersing species to shed light on small-scale patterns of biodiversity and the underlying processes that have generated this diversity in biodiversity hotspots.
FIGURE 10 in Description of a new Patagonian species of Urophonius Pocock (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae), from Meseta de Somuncurá, Argentina
FIGURE 10. Above: west side of Laguna Pelada, type locality of Urophonius somuncura n. sp.; the collecting site is located around the cliffs and rocky outcrops, with scrub vegetation on the right. Below: Schematic representation of a profile of the type locality (not to scale); locations where scorpions were found are indicated by numbers (1-5). In January, U. somuncura n. sp. was collected only at location number 2, and Bothriurus sp. at locations 1 and 3-5. In December, U. somuncura n. sp. was detected in all 1-5 spots.
FIGURES 18. Urophonius somuncura n in Description of a new Patagonian species of Urophonius Pocock (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae), from Meseta de Somuncurá, Argentina
FIGURES 18. Urophonius somuncura n. sp. 17: holotype female (CDA), 8: generalised from several individuals. 1, metasomal segment V and telson, lateral view; 2, metasomal segment V, ventral view; 34, sternite V and metasomal segments III, ventral view, 3, morphology (ventral macrosetae as black dots), 4, pigment pattern (macrosetae as open circles); 56, right pedipalp chela, 5, ventromedial view, 6, lateral view; 7, right pedipalp femur, retrolateral view (indicated trichobothrium e and macroseta M1). 8: pigment pattern on tergite V. Scale lines: 1 mm.
FIGURE 9 in Description of a new Patagonian species of Urophonius Pocock (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae), from Meseta de Somuncurá, Argentina
FIGURE 9. Location of the Meseta de Somuncurá (S) in northern Patagonia, Argentina. The type locality is indicated with a star, the Cerro Corona with a black triangle. Dark grey: areas above 900 m; adjacent solid line: 600 m altitude. Dotted line near Valcheta: the 'Arroyo Valcheta' stream. Dashed line: administrative boundary. Inset: location of the represented area in South America.
FIGURE 9 in Rediscovery of Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell 1877) stat. n., comb. n. in the Sierra del Tontal, Argentina (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae)
FIGURE 9. Localities of Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell 1877) stat. n., comb. n. (square) and O. alticola (Pocock 1899) (circles) in west Argentina. Dark grey: areas above 3600 m; light grey: between 2700 and 3600 m. Dashed line: administrative provincial boundaries, thick solid line: international boundary. ST: Sierra del Tontal, SU: Sierra de Uspallata, Ca: valley of Calingasta, Us: valley of Uspallata. 1: collecting sites near Paso del Agua Negra, 2: Puente del Inca. The city of San Juan is indicated with a small dot.
FIGURES 6–7 in Rediscovery of Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell 1877) stat. n., comb. n. in the Sierra del Tontal, Argentina (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae)
FIGURES 6–7. Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell 1877) stat. n., comb. n., left hemispermatophore; 6. Internal view; 7. External view. Figure 8: O. alticola (Pocock 1899), left hemispermatophore, external view. All drawings at the same scale; scale bar: 1 mm.
FIGURES 1–5 in Rediscovery of Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell 1877) stat. n., comb. n. in the Sierra del Tontal, Argentina (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae)
FIGURES 1–5. Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell 1877) stat. n., comb. n., male (CDA); 1. Metasomal segment V and telson, lateral view; 2. Metasomal segment V, ventral view; 3–5. Right pedipalp chela; 3. Ventromedial view; 4. Ventral view; 5. Lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIGURES 15–21 in A new troglobitic Pseudouroctonus Stahnke (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) from northern México
FIGURES 15–21. Hemispermatophores of Pseudouroctonus sprousei, sp. nov. and P. reddelli: 15. Hemispermatophore of P. s p ro u s e i, dorsal aspect; 16, 17. Details of lamellar hook and capsular region of P. sprousei, mating plug removed; 18. Mating plug from the hemispermatophore of P. sprousei; 19. Hemispermatophore of P. reddelli, dorsal aspect; 20, 21. Details of lamellar hook and capsular region of P. reddelli, mating plug in place (scale figs. 15, 19 = 0.67 mm, 16, 17, 20, 21 = 1 mm, 18 = 0,5 mm).
FIGURES 2–8 in A new troglobitic Pseudouroctonus Stahnke (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) from northern México
FIGURES 2–8. Morphology of Pseudouroctonus sprousei, sp. nov. and P. reddelli: 2. Metasomal segment V and telson of P. sprousei, lateral view; 3. Metasomal segment V and telson of P. reddelli, lateral view; 4. Chelicera of P. s p ro u s ei, ventral view showing diagnostic dentition on both fingers; 5. Pedipalp femur of P. s p ro u s e i, dorsal view showing trichobothrial pattern; 6. Pedipalp patella of P. s p ro u s e i, dorsal aspect; 7. pedipalp patella of P. s p ro u s e i, external aspect showing trichobothrial pattern; 8. Pedipalp patella, ventral aspect (Scale figs. 2, 3 = 5 mm, figs. 4–8 = 1 mm).
FIGURES 9–14 in A new troglobitic Pseudouroctonus Stahnke (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) from northern México
FIGURES 9–14. Morphology of Pseudouroctonus sprousei, sp. nov.: 9. Pedipalp chela, dorsal aspect; 10. Pedipalp chela, external aspect; 11. Pedipalp chela, ventrointernal aspect; 12. Telotarsus III, prolateral aspect showing setation pattern; 13. Telotarsus III, ventral aspect, schematic showing ventromedian spinules and setae; 14. Telotarsus III, retrolateral aspect (scale figs. 9–11 = 1 mm, figs. 12–14 = 0.5 mm).
FIGURES 1–7 in Description of a new species of Heteroscorpion Birula, 1903 (Scorpiones, Heteroscorpionidae) from the Montagne des Français in extreme northern Madagascar
FIGURES 1–7. Heteroscorpion kraepelini sp. n., male holotype. 1. Venter, showing coxapophysis, sternum, genital operculum and pectines. 2. Chelicera, dorsal aspect. 3. Carapace. 4. Metasomal segments I to V and telson, lateral aspect. 5–6. Pedipalp in dorsal and ventral aspects, showing trichobothrial pattern. 7. Patella, external aspect, showing trichobothria.
FIGURE 4. T. martinpaechi. A–B in Description of the male of Tityus martinpaechi Lourenço, 2001 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)
FIGURE 4. T. martinpaechi. A–B Chela, dorsalexternal and ventral aspect; C–D patella, dorso and external aspect. Scale bars = 1mm.
FIGURE 3. T in Description of the male of Tityus martinpaechi Lourenço, 2001 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)
FIGURE 3. T. martinpaechi (male) AFemur, dorsal ventral aspect; Bsegment V and Vesicle, lateral aspect; Cgenital operculum and pectine,.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.