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3,538 results for “Lizard”
Data from: Sexual selection is positively associated with ecological generalism among agamid lizards
Natural and sexual selection shape the evolution of species, but the interplay between them is poorly understood. Two phylogenetic studies on birds have suggested that species with greater sexual dichromatism use more habitats. Here, we show that in Agamid lizards, species with more elaborate secondary sexual traits also are ecologically more opportunistic. Species with greater dimorphism in head size and ornamentation have greater altitudinal range and occupy more habitats, respectively, and species with greater sexual dichromatism have a wider microhabitat use. Body size was positively associated with sexual and ecological traits but associations between ecological and sexual traits remained after accounting for body size. The results are consistent with the earlier studies and we suggest that sexual and natural selection may be linked through sexual selection promotes generalism at the population level by favouring 'good genes', or higher population densities cause both stronger sexual selection and broader resource use.
Data from: Multiple data sets, congruence, and hypothesis testing for the phylogeny of basal groups of the lizard genus Sceloporus (Squamata, Phrynosomatidae)
Several data partitions, including nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences, chromosomes, isozymes, and morphological characters, were used to propose a new phylogeny and to test previously published hypotheses about the phylogenetic positions of basal clades of the lizard genus Sceloporus and the relationship of Sceloporus to the former genus "Sator". In accord with earlier studies, our results grouped "Sator" internal to Sceloporus, and both support a hypothesis of transgulfian vicariance for the origin of the former genus "Sator" on islands in the Sea of Cortez. Robustness of support for internal nodes in our best tree was established though widely used indices (bootstrap proportions, decay values) but also through congruence among independent data partitions. Several deep nodes in the tree recovered by a number of methods, including equally weighted and differentially weighted parsimony, and maximum likelihood models, are only weakly supported by the traditional indices, and this methodological concordance is taken as evidence for insensitivity of the deep structure of the topology to alternate assumptions.
Data from: Sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) phenology in a warming world
Background: Present-day climate change has altered the phenology (the timing of periodic life cycle events) of many plant and animal populations worldwide. Some of these changes have been adaptive, leading to an increase in population fitness, whereas others have been associated with fitness decline. Representing short-term responses to an altered weather regime, hitherto observed changes are largely explained by phenotypic plasticity. However, to track climatically induced shifts in optimal phenotype as climate change proceeds, evolutionary capacity in key limiting climate- and fitness-related traits is likely to be crucial. In order to produce realistic predictions about the effects of climate change on species and populations, a main target for conservation biologists is thus to assess the potential of natural populations to respond by these two mechanisms. In this study we use a large 15-year dataset on an ectotherm model, the Swedish sand lizard (Lacerta agilis), to investigate how higher spring temperature is likely to affect oviposition timing in a high latitude population, a trait strongly linked to offspring fitness and survival. Results: With an interest in both the short- and potential long-term effect of rising temperatures, we applied a random regression model, which yields estimates of population-level plasticity and among-individual variation in the average, as well as the plastic, response to temperature. Population plasticity represents capacity for short-term adjustments whereas variation among individuals in a fitness-related trait indicates an opportunity for natural selection and hence for evolutionary adaptation. The analysis revealed both population-level plasticity and individual-level variation in average laying date. In contrast, we found no evidence for variation among females in their plastic responses to spring temperature, which could demonstrate a similarity in responses amongst females, but may also be due to a lack of statistical power to detect such an effect. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that climate warming may have positive fitness effects in this lizard population through an advancement of oviposition date. This prediction is consistent over shorter and potentially also longer time scales as the analysis revealed both population-level plasticity and individual-level variation in average laying date. However, the genetic basis for this variation would have to be examined in order to predict an evolutionary response.
Data from: "Comparative genomic resources for spiny lizards (genus Sceloporus)" in Genomic Resources Notes accepted 1 August 2014-30 September 2014
To advance comparative genomic studies of the spiny fence lizards (genus Sceloprous), we provide the genomic annotations for 35 Sceloporus species.
Supplementary material 1 from: Gowande GG, Bhosale HS, Phansalkar PU, Sawant M, Mirza ZA (2021) On the systematics and the phylogenetic position of the poorly known, montane dragon-lizard species Pseudocalotes austeniana (Annandale, 1908) (Squamata, Agamidae, Draconinae). Evolutionary Systematics 5(1): 141-150. https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.67137
A list of species, their corresponding sequences and accession numbers used in this study
Supplementary material 2 from: Gowande GG, Bhosale HS, Phansalkar PU, Sawant M, Mirza ZA (2021) On the systematics and the phylogenetic position of the poorly known, montane dragon-lizard species Pseudocalotes austeniana (Annandale, 1908) (Squamata, Agamidae, Draconinae). Evolutionary Systematics 5(1): 141-150. https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.67137
Figure S1
Improved nutritional status may promote an "asset protection" reproductive strategy in male rock lizards
<p><span>Investing in the current reproduction requires diverting energy resources from other metabolic functions, which may compromise future reproduction and lifespan. To solve this trade-off, an individual may consider its labile state to decide how much to invest in current reproduction. We tested experimentally whether the "state quality" of male rock lizards influences their reproductive strategies. To improve the nutritional status of males before the mating season, we captured and supplemented experimental males (<i>N</i> = 20) with dietary vitamin D<sub>3</sub> (an essential nutrient for lizards) and had a control group of males (<i>N</i> = 20). Then, we released all these males and females (<i>N</i> = 31) in a large semi-natural outdoor enclosure where lizards could interact and mate freely during the mating period. Activity levels of males did not vary between treatments, but supplemented males started fewer intrasexual agonistic interactions and made fewer mating advances to females. When the mating season ended, we incubated eggs laid by females to obtain the offspring and estimated the paternity of males using DNA microsatellites. Supplemented males sired fewer offspring than control males. These results suggest that vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplemented males used a low risk/less costly mating strategy to protect their assets (i.e. vitamin D reserves), but that still resulted in "some" current reproductive success, while likely increasing longevity and the expected future total reproductive success.</span></p>
Don't judge a lizard by its colour: no evidence for differential socio-sexual behaviour and space use in the colour morphs of the European common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)
Explaining the evolutionary origin and maintenance of colour polymorphisms is a major challenge in evolutionary biology. Such polymorphisms are commonly thought to reflect the existence of alternative behavioural or life-history strategies under negative frequency-dependent selection. The European common wall lizard Podarcis muralis exhibits a striking ventral colour polymorphism that has been intensely studied and is often assumed to reflect alternative reproductive strategies, similar to the iconic "rock-paper-scissors" system described in the North American lizard Uta stansburiana. However, available studies so far have ignored central aspects in the behavioural ecology of this species that are crucial to assess the existence of alternative reproductive strategies. Here we try to fill this gap by studying the social behaviour, space use, and reproductive performance of lizards showing different colour morphs, both in a free-ranging population from the eastern Pyrenees and in ten experimental mesocosm enclosures. In the natural population, we found no differences between morphs in site-fidelity, space use or male-female spatial overlap. Likewise, colour morph was irrelevant to socio-sexual behaviour, space use, and reproductive success within experimental enclosures. Our results contradict the commonly held hypothesis that P. muralis morphs reflect alternative behavioural strategies, and suggest that we should instead turn our attention to alternative functional explanations.
Figure 1 in Gastrointestinal helminth communities of two gekkonid lizard species, Nactus multicarinatus and Nactus pelagicus (Squamata: Gekkonidae), from the Republic of Vanuatu, Oceania
Figure 1. Vanuatu Archipelago; islands from which Nactus were collected.
Figure 3 in Natural history of the lizard Enyalius perditus (Squamata: Leiosauridae) from an Atlantic forest remnant in southeastern Brazil
Figure 3. Body colour of Enyalius perditus (by M.A. Sacramento). (A) Female; (B) male.
Figure 4 in Natural history of the lizard Enyalius perditus (Squamata: Leiosauridae) from an Atlantic forest remnant in southeastern Brazil
Figure 4. Colour of female Enyalius perditus in the reproductive period.
FIGURE 7 in Rediscovery of the Earless Microteiid Lizard Anotosaura collaris Amaral, 1933 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae): A redescription complemented by osteological, hemipenial, molecular, karyological, physiological and ecological data
FIGURE 7. Karyotype of Anotosaura collaris after conventional staining, showing 2n=44 (20M + 22m).
Fig. 6 in A Comparative Study Of Crocodile Lizards (Shinisaurus Crocodilurus Ahl, 1930) From Vietnam And China
Fig. 6. Such slow-running streams are inhabited by Shinisaurus crocodilurus in Yen Tu Nature Reserve. Photograph by Le Khac Quyet.
Fig. 4 in A Comparative Study Of Crocodile Lizards (Shinisaurus Crocodilurus Ahl, 1930) From Vietnam And China
Fig. 4. Oblique sulcal view of the left hemipenis of an adult Shinisaurus crocodilurus from Vietnam (ZFMK 83901); due to the eversion after fixation the organ appears elongated and both terminal lobes are not upwards directed due to a preparation artefact. Photograph by T. Ziegler.
Rapid radiation and rampant reticulation: Phylogenomics of South American Liolaemus lizards
<p>Understanding the factors that cause heterogeneity among gene trees can increase the accuracy of species trees. Discordant signals across the genome are commonly produced by incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and introgression, which in turn can result in reticulate evolution. Species tree inference using the multispecies coalescent is designed to deal with ILS and is robust to low levels of introgression, but extensive introgression violates the fundamental assumption that relationships are strictly bifurcating. In this study, we explore the phylogenomics of the iconic Liolaemus subgenus of South American lizards, a group of over 100 species mostly distributed in and around the Andes mountains. Using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and genome-wide restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq; nDNA hereafter), we inferred a time-calibrated mtDNA gene tree, nDNA species trees, and phylogenetic networks. We found high levels of discordance between mtDNA and nDNA, which we attribute in part to extensive ILS resulting from rapid diversification. These data also reveal extensive and deep introgression, which combined with rapid diversification, explain the high level of phylogenetic discordance. We discuss these findings in the context of Andean orogeny and glacial cycles that fragmented, expanded, and contracted species distributions. Finally, we use the new phylogeny to resolve long-standing taxonomic issues in one of the most studied lizard groups in the New World.</p>
Fig. 6 in A New Genus of Microteiid Lizard from the Caparaó Mountains, Southeastern Brazil, with a Discussion of Relationships among Gymnophthalminae (Squamata)
Fig. 6. Distribution of Caparaonia itaiquara (open circles). Parque Nacional do Caparaó (shad- ed area) between the states of Minas Gerais (MG) and Espírito Santo (ES). Reference localities indicated by stars; neighboring municipalities, by black dots.
Fig. 11 in Taxonomic Composition And Systematics Of Late Cretaceous Lizard Assemblages From Ukhaa Tolgod And Adjacent Localities, Mongolian Gobi Desert
Fig. 11. Phrynosomimus asper: A, B, IGM 3/81, nearly complete skull with mandibles (articulated with several vertebrae and partial pectoral girdle), dorsal and ventral views.
Fig. 3 in Taxonomic Composition And Systematics Of Late Cretaceous Lizard Assemblages From Ukhaa Tolgod And Adjacent Localities, Mongolian Gobi Desert
Fig. 3. Ctenomastax parva, new genus and species: A, B, IGM 3/61 (holotype), incomplete skull with mandibles from Zos, ventral and dorsal views.
Fig. 17. Habitats N in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones
Fig. 17. Habitats N of Steins, near the central transect (tables 2, 3; figs. 3, 5; appendix 1), 23 August 1990. Top. Looking N (from low hill behind allelemobile in fig. 16, top) across the grassland that separates site 16 (marmoratus) and site 12 (largely punctilinealis; figs. 3, 49). Bottom. Looking NE at grassland and alkali flats, from same place as the top photograph.
Fig. 2. Site 49 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones
Fig. 2. Site 49 (appendix 2). Huerfano Butte (E side), Pima County, Arizona, about 43 km SSE Tucson, showing dramatic change in vegetation (desertification) in less than 70 years (based on Lowe et al., 1970a; their fig. 2). Top. About 1902, courtesy of Walter S. Phillips, University of Arizona Bottom. 16 March 1969.
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