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Figure 5 from: Chaban T, Ogurtsov V, Mahlovanyy A, Sukhodolska N, Chaban I, Harkov S, Matiychuk V (2019) Antioxidant properties of some novel derivatives thiazolo[4,5-b] pyridine. Pharmacia 66(4): 171-180. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.66.e36764

Figure 5 Synthesis of potassium salt of 3-(5-mercapto-[1,3,4]oxodiazole-2-yl-methyl)-5,7-dimethyl-3H-thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine-2-one and S-substituted 3-(5-mercapto-[1,3,4]oxodiazole-2-yl-methyl)-5,7-dimethyl-3H-thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine-2-ones.

Figure 4 from: Chaban T, Ogurtsov V, Mahlovanyy A, Sukhodolska N, Chaban I, Harkov S, Matiychuk V (2019) Antioxidant properties of some novel derivatives thiazolo[4,5-b] pyridine. Pharmacia 66(4): 171-180. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.66.e36764

Figure 4 Synthesis of N-[5-(4-arylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolydine-3-yl]-2-(5,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine-3-yl)-acetamides.

Figure 3 from: Chaban T, Ogurtsov V, Mahlovanyy A, Sukhodolska N, Chaban I, Harkov S, Matiychuk V (2019) Antioxidant properties of some novel derivatives thiazolo[4,5-b] pyridine. Pharmacia 66(4): 171-180. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.66.e36764

Figure 3 Resynthesis of 3-(5-mercapto-[1,3,4]oxodiazole-2-yl-methyl)-5,7-dimethyl-3H-thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine-2-one and 2-(5,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine-3-yl)-N-(4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolydine-3-yl)-acetamide.

Figure 2 from: Chaban T, Ogurtsov V, Mahlovanyy A, Sukhodolska N, Chaban I, Harkov S, Matiychuk V (2019) Antioxidant properties of some novel derivatives thiazolo[4,5-b] pyridine. Pharmacia 66(4): 171-180. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.66.e36764

Figure 2 Synthesis of hetarylsulfanyl derivatives of N'-(5,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine-3-yl)-acetyl hydrazide acetic acid under the alkylation reaction.

Figure 1 from: Chaban T, Ogurtsov V, Mahlovanyy A, Sukhodolska N, Chaban I, Harkov S, Matiychuk V (2019) Antioxidant properties of some novel derivatives thiazolo[4,5-b] pyridine. Pharmacia 66(4): 171-180. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.66.e36764

Figure 1 Synthesis of N'-[2-(5,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine-3-yl)-acetyl] carboxylic acids hydrazides under the acylation reaction.

Figure 1 from: Kondeva-Burdina M, Krasteva I, Popov G, Manov V (2019) Neuroprotective and antioxidant activities of saponins' mixture from Astragalus glycyphylloides in a model of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative stress on isolated rat brain synaptosomes. Pharmacia 66(4): 233-236. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37997

Figure 1 Effects of PSM and S on synaptosomal viability in conditions of 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress; ***P ≤ 0.001 vs control (non-treated synaptosomes); +P ≤ 0.05, ++P ≤ 0.01, +++P ≤ 0.001 vs6-OHDA.

Figure 2 from: Kondeva-Burdina M, Krasteva I, Popov G, Manov V (2019) Neuroprotective and antioxidant activities of saponins' mixture from Astragalus glycyphylloides in a model of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative stress on isolated rat brain synaptosomes. Pharmacia 66(4): 233-236. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37997

Figure 2 Effects of PSM and S on GSH level in conditions of 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress ***P ≤ 0.001 vs control (non-treated synaptosomes); +P ≤ 0.05, ++P ≤ 0.01 vs6-OHDA.

opencc-zeroJul 2020View details →

Data from: Effects of 9,10-phenanthrenequione on antioxidant indices and metabolite profiles in Takifugu obscurus plasma

Derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated-PAHs (oxy-PAHs) may pose hazards to aquatic organisms, which remains largely unknown. Takifugu obscurus is an important anadromous fish species of high economic and ecological values. In the present study, T. obscurus was acutely exposed to 44.29 μg/L 9,10-phenanthrenequione (9,10-PQ) for 96 hours. Changes of antioxidant indices and metabolite profiles in plasma were compared between 9,10-PQ treatment and the control. The results showed that 9,10-PQ treatment significantly increased MDA content during 6 hours to 96 hours, increased SOD and CAT activities at 6 hours, but decreased them at 96 hours. These results indicated that 9,10-PQ induced oxidative stress to fish. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis revealed that four metabolic pathways were influenced in response to treatment with 9,10-PQ, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, purine metabolism and sulfur metabolism. These pathways are associated with antioxidant mechanisms, biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and innate immune functions. Thus, the as-obtained results confirmed that 9,10-PQ induced oxidative stress and raised concerns of neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity to fish. Overall, the present study posed a high environmental risk of oxy-PAHs to aquatic ecosystems. Derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated-PAHs (oxy-PAHs) may pose hazards to aquatic organisms, which remains largely unknown. Takifugu obscurus is an important anadromous fish species of high economic and ecological values. In the present study, T. obscurus was acutely exposed to 44.29 μg/L 9,10-phenanthrenequione (9,10-PQ) for 96 hours. Changes of antioxidant indices and metabolite profiles in plasma were compared between 9,10-PQ treatment and the control. The results showed that 9,10-PQ treatment significantly increased MDA content during 6 hours to 96 hours, increased SOD and CAT activities at 6 hours, but decreased them at 96 hours. These results indicated that 9,10-PQ induced oxidative stress to fish. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis revealed that four metabolic pathways were influenced in response to treatment with 9,10-PQ, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, purine metabolism and sulfur metabolism. These pathways are associated with antioxidant mechanisms, biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and innate immune functions. Thus, the as-obtained results confirmed that 9,10-PQ induced oxidative stress and raised concerns of neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity to fish. Overall, the present study posed a high environmental risk of oxy-PAHs to aquatic ecosystems.

Figure 4 from: Yoncheva K, Hristova-Avakumova N, Hadjimitova V, Traykov T, Petrov P (2020) Evaluation of physicochemical and antioxidant properties of nanosized copolymeric micelles loaded with kaempferol. Pharmacia 67(2): 49-54. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.67.e38648

Figure 4 DPPH and anion superoxide scavenge capacity of free kaempferol (KF) and micellar kaempferol; (a) KF-PDMAEMA13-b-PPO69-b-PDMAEMA13 micelles, (b) KF-PDMAEMA9-b-PCL70-b-PDMAEMA9 micelles. Mean ± SD (n=3).

Figure 1 from: Yoncheva K, Hristova-Avakumova N, Hadjimitova V, Traykov T, Petrov P (2020) Evaluation of physicochemical and antioxidant properties of nanosized copolymeric micelles loaded with kaempferol. Pharmacia 67(2): 49-54. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.67.e38648

Figure 1 Size distribution of kaempferol loaded polymeric micelles prepared from PDMAEMA9-b-PCL70-b-PDMAEMA9 and PDMAEMA13-b-PPO69-b-PDMAEMA13 triblock copolymers.

Figure 3 from: Yoncheva K, Hristova-Avakumova N, Hadjimitova V, Traykov T, Petrov P (2020) Evaluation of physicochemical and antioxidant properties of nanosized copolymeric micelles loaded with kaempferol. Pharmacia 67(2): 49-54. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.67.e38648

Figure 3 In vitro release of kaempferol from PDMAEMA9-b-PCL70-b-PDMAEMA9 and PDMAEMA13-b-PPO69-b-PDMAEMA13 micelles in distilled water.

Figure 2 from: Yoncheva K, Hristova-Avakumova N, Hadjimitova V, Traykov T, Petrov P (2020) Evaluation of physicochemical and antioxidant properties of nanosized copolymeric micelles loaded with kaempferol. Pharmacia 67(2): 49-54. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.67.e38648

Figure 2 AFM images of kaempferol loaded PDMAEMA9-b-PCL70-b-PDMAEMA9 (left) and PDMAEMA13-b-PPO69-b-PDMAEMA13 (right) micelles.

The transcriptomic response of murine thyroid to iodide overload and the role of the Nrf2 antioxidant system

Wild-type and Nrf2(Nfe2l2) knockout male C57BL6J mice 3-4 months old were administred 0.05% NaI in their drinking water for 7 days. Control mice were administered regular drinking water. After this treatment mice were euthanized and thyroids were excised for RNA preparation and then for mRNA and miRNA RNAseq.  The file titled "metadata RNAseq mRNA thyroid" contains the experimental information as well as the allocation of sample numbers to the relevant groups. Briefly,  806 Knockout Iodide 829 Wild type Iodide 815 Knockout Control 811 Knockout Control 801 Knockout Iodide 836 Wild type Control 838 Wild type Control 807 Knockout Iodide 834 Wild type Control 827 Wild type Iodide 831 Wild type Iodide 804 Knockout Iodide 825 Wild type Iodide 841 Wild type Control 812 Knockout Control 803 Knockout Iodide 810 Knockout Control The fastq data have been uploaded. The ones with "miRNA" in their file name refer to miRNA sequencing. All the others refer to mRNA sequencing.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

Scheme 4 from: Ihnatova T, Kaplaushenko A, Frolova Y, Pryhlo E (2021) Synthesis and antioxidant properties of some new 5-phenethyl-3-thio-1,2,4-triazoles. Pharmacia 68(1): 129-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e53320

Scheme 4 Synthesis of salts of 2-(4-)((4-phenyl-5-phenethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)ethanoic acids.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

Scheme 7 from: Ihnatova T, Kaplaushenko A, Frolova Y, Pryhlo E (2021) Synthesis and antioxidant properties of some new 5-phenethyl-3-thio-1,2,4-triazoles. Pharmacia 68(1): 129-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e53320

Scheme 7 Synthesis of 6-((4-R-5-phenethyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-ylthio)pyridine-3-yl)-(alkyl-, heteryl)methanimines.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Rapid evolution of antioxidant defense in a natural population of Daphnia magna

Natural populations can cope with rapid changes in stressors by relying on sets of physiological defense mechanisms. Little is known onto what extent these physiological responses reflect plasticity and/or genetic adaptation, evolve in the same direction and result in an increased defense ability. Using resurrection ecology, we studied how a natural Daphnia magna population adjusted its antioxidant defense to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) during a period with increasing incident UVR reaching the water surface. We demonstrate rapid evolution of the induction patterns of key antioxidant enzymes under UVR exposure in the laboratory. Notably, evolutionary changes strongly differed among enzymes and mainly involved the evolution of UV-induced plasticity. While D. magna evolved a strong plastic upregulation of glutathione peroxidase under UVR, it evolved a lower plastic upregulation of glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase, and a plastic downregulation of catalase. The differentially evolved antioxidant strategies were collectively equally effective in dealing with oxidative stress since they resulted in the same high levels of oxidative damage (to lipids, proteins and DNA) and lowered fitness (intrinsic growth rate) under UVR exposure. The lack of better protection against UVR may suggest that the UVR exposure did not increase between both periods. Predator-induced evolution to migrate to lower depths that occurred during the same period may have contributed to the evolved defense strategy. Our results highlight the need for a multiple trait approach when focusing on the evolution of defense mechanisms.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: The level of an intracellular antioxidant during development determines the adult phenotype in a bird species: a potential organizer role for glutathione

Life-history traits are often involved in trade-offs whose outcome would depend on the availability of resources but also on the state of specific molecular signals. Early conditions can influence trade-offs and program the phenotype throughout the lifetime, with oxidative stress likely involved in many taxa. Here we address the potential regulatory role of a single intracellular antioxidant in life-history trade-offs. Blood glutathione levels were reduced in a large sample of birds (zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata) during development using the synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). Results revealed several modifications in the adult phenotype. BSO-treated nestlings showed lower glutathione and plasma antioxidant levels. In adulthood, BSO birds endured greater oxidative damage in erythrocytes but stronger expression of a sexual signal. Moreover, adult BSO females also showed weaker resistance to oxidative stress but were heavier and showed better body condition. Results suggest that low glutathione values during growth favor the investment in traits that should improve fitness returns, probably in the form of early reproduction. Higher oxidative stress in adulthood may be endured if this cost is paid later in life. Either the presence of specific signaling mechanisms or the indirect effect of increased oxidative stress can explain our findings.