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FIGURE 3 in First record of the parasitic barnacle Anelasma squalicola Darwin, 1852 (Pollicipedomorpha: Pollicipedidae) in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and a new host report: Etmopterus benchleyi Vásquez, Ebert & Long, 2015 (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae)
FIGURE 3. Anelasma squalicola (UCR 3711-001) found as parasite of the Ninja lanternshark, Etmopterus benchley. A. Specimen of ~28.8 mm TL, parasite of a female shark of 43.5 cm TL (see Fig. 1); Ovigerous specimen of ~29.1 mm TL parasite of a male shark of 52.5 cm TL (see Fig. 2); the arrowhead points towards the eggs within the mantle cavity. The peduncular bulbous structure covered with fine and root-like filaments was not properly removed from the shark tissue and, therefore, is not illustrated in the figure. Scale bar 2 cm.
FIGURE 2 in First record of the parasitic barnacle Anelasma squalicola Darwin, 1852 (Pollicipedomorpha: Pollicipedidae) in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and a new host report: Etmopterus benchleyi Vásquez, Ebert & Long, 2015 (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae)
FIGURE 2. Etmopterus benchleyi (UCR 2906-002), male (52.5 cm TL), infected by the parasitic barnacle Anelasma squalicola. A. Lateral view of the entire specimen prior to removing the parasite (Figure 3B); B. Lateral view of the entire specimen after removing the parasite; and C. Lateral view of the infected area (the basis of the left pectoral fin), prior to removing one parasite, showing a double infection. Scale bar 2 cm.
FIGURE 1 in First record of the parasitic barnacle Anelasma squalicola Darwin, 1852 (Pollicipedomorpha: Pollicipedidae) in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and a new host report: Etmopterus benchleyi Vásquez, Ebert & Long, 2015 (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae)
FIGURE 1. Etmopterus benchleyi (UCR 2906-002), female (43.5 cm TL), infected by the parasitic barnacle Anelasma squalicola. A. Lateral view of the entire specimen after removing the parasites; B. Lateral view of the infected area showing an imbibed parasite; C. Laterodorsal view of the infected area, after removing the parasite, showing a double infection. Scale bar 2 cm.
Convergent evolution of barnacles and molluscs sheds lights in origin and diversification of calcareous shell and sessile lifestyle
<p><span>The calcareous shell and sessile lifestyle are the representative phenotypes of many molluscs, which happen to be present in barnacles, a group of unique crustaceans. The origin of these phenotypes is unclear, but it may be embodied in the convergent genetics of such distant groups (interphylum). </span><span>Herein, we perform comprehensive comparative genomics analysis in barnacles and molluscs, and reveal a genome-wide strong convergent molecular evolution between them, including coexpansion of biomineralisation and organic matrix genes for shell formation, and origination of lineage-specific orphan genes for settlement. Notably, the expanded biomineralisation gene encoding alkaline phosphatase evolves a novel, highly conserved motif that may trigger the origin of barnacle shell formation. Unlike molluscs, barnacles adopt novel organic matrices and cement proteins for shell formation and settlement, respectively, and their calcareous shells have potentially originated from the cuticle system of crustaceans. Therefore, our study corroborates the idea that selection pressures driving convergent evolution may strongly act in organisms inhabiting similar environments regardless of phylogenetic distance. The convergence signatures shed light on the origin of the shell and sessile lifestyle of barnacles and molluscs. In addition, notable nonconvergence signatures are also present and may contribute to morphological and functional specificities.</span></p>
FIGURE 10 in A new pedunculate barnacle (Cirripedia: Heteralepadidae) from the Mediterranean with notes on reproduction
FIGURE 10. The isopod parasite (Crinoniscidae) found in the mantle cavity of Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. (specimen C, Table 2) resembles Proteolepas Darwin, 1854, a genus recognized by Hosie (2008). The specimens illustrated include six females in different stages of maturation and two males (lower left; Hosie in litt. Hosie, 2017). Upper right, a maturing virtually legless recently molted female attached to host tissue by its long very slender second pereiopods. These males and females are morphologically similar to those of Crinoniscus (Hosie in litt. 2017). Proetolepads bivincta Darwin, 1854 was found on Heteralepas cornuta Darwin, 1851 from the West Indies, but now also known in the Atlantic from the NW Africa north to the mouth of the Mediterranean. Therefore, it is important to note that Darwin's H. cornuta is clearly distinct from the new species, H. newmani (see text).
FIGURE 9 in A new pedunculate barnacle (Cirripedia: Heteralepadidae) from the Mediterranean with notes on reproduction
FIGURE 9. Complemental male of Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. Above metamorphosing cyprid still within cyprid shell found attached to specimen 3, and below whole male.
FIGURE 7 in A new pedunculate barnacle (Cirripedia: Heteralepadidae) from the Mediterranean with notes on reproduction
FIGURE 7. The position of Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. (specimen RS3, Table 3) on a nylon mooring line with a 4.5 mm long complemental dwarf male attached below aperture. Inside the same specimen are hundreds of eggs resembling cyprids that could indicate a direct development to cyprids without a free nauplius stage.
FIGURE 6 in A new pedunculate barnacle (Cirripedia: Heteralepadidae) from the Mediterranean with notes on reproduction
FIGURE 6. Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. (specimen 5) with two complemental males, and below (specimen 4) with one male. The complemental male is typically sitting below the aperture of the hermaphrodite (see also Table 3 and Fig 7). Scale lower right = 1mm.
FIGURE 8 in A new pedunculate barnacle (Cirripedia: Heteralepadidae) from the Mediterranean with notes on reproduction
FIGURE 8. Near linear relationship between length of the peduncle and the capitulum. The occurrence of complemental males on the hermaphrodite of Heterealepas newmani sp. nov. in relation to length of peduncle and capitulum. Triangle indicates presence of complemental male and number of males is provided when> 1.
FIGURE 4 in A new pedunculate barnacle (Cirripedia: Heteralepadidae) from the Mediterranean with notes on reproduction
FIGURE 4. Heteralepas newmani sp. nov., (specimen A): A, Prosoma and thorax with appendages; B, cirrus I; C, cirrus II; D, cirrus V; E, cirrus VI (See also table 4 and 5).
FIGURE 3 in A new pedunculate barnacle (Cirripedia: Heteralepadidae) from the Mediterranean with notes on reproduction
FIGURE 3. Heteralepas newmani sp. nov., mouth parts from species A (Table 4). A, Mandible; B, pectination of first tooth; C, pectination of teeth 2-3; D-E: First maxilla, F; Labrum with pectinations. Scale 500 mm replies to A, D & F.
FIGURE 5 in A new pedunculate barnacle (Cirripedia: Heteralepadidae) from the Mediterranean with notes on reproduction
FIGURE 5. Heteralepas newmani sp. nov.,: A, caudal appendages between pedicels of the 6th cirri (species A); B, penis (species 3) (See also tabel 4 and 5).
FIGURE 2 in A new pedunculate barnacle (Cirripedia: Heteralepadidae) from the Mediterranean with notes on reproduction
FIGURE 2. Detailed morphological description Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. is based on specimens A, B, and C in figure A, B and C (see also Table 4) all to same scale.
FIGURE 1. Map showing the locality where 26 in A new pedunculate barnacle (Cirripedia: Heteralepadidae) from the Mediterranean with notes on reproduction
FIGURE 1. Map showing the locality where 26 specimens Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. were a nylon line anchored in about 458 m depth was brought up as a by catch on a fisherman's bottom long lines. The line was drifting with the currents in the water column, and specimens were attached at the "top" of the line corresponding to 100-150 m depth.
Supplementary material 2 from: Pochai A, Kingtong S, Sukparangsi W, Khachonpisitsak S (2017) The diversity of acorn barnacles (Cirripedia, Balanomorpha) across Thailand's coasts: The Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93(1): 13-34. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10769
Arthropodal characters of Tetraclita singaporensis : Explanation note: Tetraclita singaporensis collected from (BUU16.TC.TSG02) from Na Tai beach, Phang-nga. A.-I. Light microscopy on arthropodal characters. A. Cirri I, B.-C. Close up on cirri I showing serrulate setae, D. Cirri II, E.-F. Close up on cirri II showing serrulate setae, G. Maxillule, H. Mandible, I. Labrum.
Supplementary material 3 from: Pochai A, Kingtong S, Sukparangsi W, Khachonpisitsak S (2017) The diversity of acorn barnacles (Cirripedia, Balanomorpha) across Thailand's coasts: The Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93(1): 13-34. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10769
Arthropodal characters of Tetraclita squamosa : Explanation note: Tetraclita squamosa collected from Hin Ngam beach, Nakhon Si Thammarat (BUU16.TC.TS01). A.-I. Light microscopy on arthropodal characters. A. Cirri I, B.-C. Close up on cirri I showing serrulate setae, D. Cirri II, E.-F. Close up on cirri II showing serrulate setae, G. Maxillule, H. Mandible, I. Labrum.
Supplementary material 1 from: Pochai A, Kingtong S, Sukparangsi W, Khachonpisitsak S (2017) The diversity of acorn barnacles (Cirripedia, Balanomorpha) across Thailand's coasts: The Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93(1): 13-34. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10769
Arthropodal characters of Tetraclita kuroshioensis : Explanation note: Tetraclita kuroshioensis collected from (BUU16.TC.TK01) from Na Tai beach, Phang-nga. A.-I. Light microscopy on arthropodal characters. A. Cirri I, B.-C. Close up on cirri I showing serrulate setae, D. Cirri II, E.-F. Close up on cirri II showing serrulate setae, G. Maxillule, H. Mandible, I. Labrum.
FIGURE 39 in Description of five new coral associated Barnacles of the genus Trevathana (Balanomorpha: Pyrgomatidae) in Pacific Waters
FIGURE 39. The best scoring maximum-likelihood tree based on concatenated dataset of 12S and COI. Node labels are supporting values (%) estimated from the maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining methods. Only the nodes With ±75% support values for both 2 methods are listed. Scale bars indicate the number of expected substitutions per site. For sequences from Malay and Michonneau (2014), specimen voucher numbers are given in parentheses. These sequences of Trevathana sp. 2, sp. 3 and Neotrevathana sp. 1 cluster into different clades thus re-named as Trevathana sp. 2A, 2B, Trevathana sp. 3A, 3B and Neotrevathana sp. 1A, 1B, respectively.
FIGURE 36 in Description of five new coral associated Barnacles of the genus Trevathana (Balanomorpha: Pyrgomatidae) in Pacific Waters
FIGURE 36. Trevathana taiwanus sp. nov. cirri I–II. (A) Cirrus I (ASIZCR000364). (B) Serrulate setae on posterior ramus apex. (C) Serrulate setae on anterior ramus apex. (D) Serrulate setae on posterior ramus. (E) Cirrus II (ASIZCR000364). (F) Serrulate setae on posterior ramus. (G) Serrulate setae on anterior ramus apex. (H) Serrulate setae on anterior ramus. Scale bars in µm.
FIGURE 31 in Description of five new coral associated Barnacles of the genus Trevathana (Balanomorpha: Pyrgomatidae) in Pacific Waters
FIGURE 31. Trevathana taiwanus sp. nov. shell and opercular valves. (A) External vieW (ASIZCR000364) and (B) internal vieW (ASIZCR000362) of shell. (C) External vieW (ASIZCR000364) and (D) Internal vieW of left scutum (ASIZCR000364). (E) External vieW (CEL-RYU-166-4) and (F) Internal vieW (ASIZCR000364) of left tergum. Note that for better comparisons of the internal vieW the scutum and tergum Were inclined. Scale bars in µm.
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