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23,351 results for “Comparative”
PSM-AP Comparative document analysis data: Priorities and challenges in the policy and digital strategies of ten PSM
<p>The document consists of a list of 61 key policy and strategy documents analysed as part of the comparative work conducted in WP1 of the project Public Service Media in the Age of Platforms (PSM-AP). It also contains a series of selected quotes supporting the three key areas prioritised by the policies and PSM digital strategies: People (reaching audiences), Personalisation (developing the video-on-demand portal), and Prominence (of PSM services and content). The data was collected and analysed in 2023, from documents concerning 10 PSM organisations in seven media markets: Belgium-Flanders (VRT), Belgium-Wallonia Brussels (RTBF), Canada (CBC/Radio-Canada), Denmark (DR, TV 2) Italy (RAI), Poland (TVP), and the UK (BBC, Channel 4, ITV). All quotes were translated to English by the authors.</p>
FIG. 7 in Comparative floral anatomy of some species of Brassicaceae and its taxonomic significance
FIG. 7. — Schematic placement showing the evolutionary trends of the studied species of Brassicaceae based on floral morphology (Al-Shehbaz 2012).
FIG. 5. — Serial cross sections from below upwards through a in Comparative floral anatomy of some species of Brassicaceae and its taxonomic significance
FIG. 5. — Serial cross sections from below upwards through a floral bud of Matthiola incana (L.) R.Br. showing: A, pedicel vasculature; continuous siphonostele; B-F, calyx vasculature; two sepal median bundles emerge directly from central stele and two from sepal-median-nectarial complexes; D-G, corolla vasculature; from petal-sepal marginal complexs; D-H, androecium vasculature; six staminal bundles to six fertile stamens emerge directly from the central stele; I-L, gynoecium vasculature, eight vascular masses; two dorsal carpellary bundles, two ventral carpellary masses, four lateral carpellary bundles. Scale bar: 500 μm.
FIG. 3. — Serial cross sections from below upwards through a in Comparative floral anatomy of some species of Brassicaceae and its taxonomic significance
FIG. 3. — Serial cross sections from below upwards through a floral bud of Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. showing: A, pedicel vasculature; dissected siphonostele; B-D, calyx vasculature; four sepal median bundles arise directly from the central stele as distinct sepal median traces without ramification; C-E, corolla vasculature; four petal vascular bundles protrude from petal-nectarial complexes; C-G, androecium vasculature; two staminal vascular bundles to two fertile stamens emerge directly from the central stele; F-K, gynoecium vasculature; six vascular masses, two dorsal carpellary bundles, two ventral carpellary masses, two septal bundles. Scale bar: 60 μm.
FIG. 1. — Serial cross sections from below upwards through a in Comparative floral anatomy of some species of Brassicaceae and its taxonomic significance
FIG. 1. — Serial cross sections from below upwards through a floral bud of Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch showing: A, pedicel vasculature; continuous siphonostele; B-F, Calyx vasculature; two sepal median bundles emerge directly from central stele and two from sepal-median-nectarial complexes; D-F, corolla vasculature; from petal-sepal marginal-nectarial complexes; D-G, androecium vasculature; the two outer stamens receive the vascular supply from two staminal-nectarial complexes while the four inner receive directly from the central stele; I-M, gynoecium vasculature; ten vascular masses; two dorsal carpellary bundles, two ventral carpellary masses, four lateral carpellary bundles and two septal bundles. Scale bar: 200 μm.
FIG. 2. — Serial cross sections from below upwards through a in Comparative floral anatomy of some species of Brassicaceae and its taxonomic significance
FIG. 2. — Serial cross sections from below upwards through a floral bud of Raphanus sativus L. showing: A, pedicel vasculature; dissected siphonostele; B-F, calyx vasculature; four sepal median bundles arise directly from the central stele as distinct sepal median traces, two antero-posterior ramified and two laterals unramified; C-E, corolla vasculature; from petal-sepal marginal complexes; D-I, androecium vasculature; six staminal bundles to six fertile stamens emerge directly from the central stele; J-N, gynoecium vasculature; ten vascular masses; two dorsal carpellary bundles, two ventral carpellary masses, four lateral carpellary bundles and two septal bundles. Scale bar: 500 μm.
Challenges of sampling and how phylogenetic comparative methods help: Supplementary data
<p>Supplementary data and results files for the paper:</p> <p>Macklin-Cordes, Jayden L. & Erich R. Round (2022). Challenges of sampling and how phylogenetic comparative methods help: With a case study of the Pama-Nyungan laminal contrast. <em>Linguistic Typology</em> (advance online publication). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2021-0025">https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2021-0025</a></p>
How to render species comparable taxonomic units through deep time: A case study on intraspecific osteological variability in extant and extinct lacertid lizards
<p>Generally, the species is considered to be the only naturally occurring taxon. However, species recognized and defined using different species delimitation criteria cannot readily be compared, impacting studies of biodiversity through Deep Time. This comparability issue is particularly marked when comparing extant with extinct species because the only available data for species delimitation in fossils are derived from their preserved morphology, which is generally restricted to osteology in vertebrates. Here, we quantify intraspecific, intrageneric, and intergeneric osteological variability in extant species of lacertid lizards using pairwise dissimilarity scores based on a data set of 253 discrete osteological characters for 99 specimens referred to 24 species. Variability is always significantly lower intraspecifically than between individuals belonging to distinct species of a single genus, which is in turn significantly lower than intergeneric variability. Average values of intraspecific variability and associated standard deviations are consistent (with few exceptions), with an overall average within a species of 0.208 changes per character scored. Application of the same methods to six extinct lacertid species (represented by 40 fossil specimens) revealed that intraspecific osteological variability is inconsistent, which can at least in part be attributed to different researchers having unequal expectations of the skeletal dissimilarity within species units. Such a divergent interpretation of intraspecific and interspecific variability among extant and extinct species reinforces the incomparability of the species unit. Lacertidae is an example where extant species recognized and defined based on a number of delimitation criteria show comparable and consistent intraspecific osteological variability. Here, as well as in equivalent cases, application of those skeletal dissimilarity values to paleontological species delimitation potentially provides a way to ameliorate inconsistencies created by the use of morphology to define species.</p>
Supplementary datasets, data analysis code, and R tutorials for: Phylogenetic analysis of adaptation in comparative physiology and biomechanics: overview and a case study of thermal physiology in treefrogs
<p>Comparative phylogenetic studies of adaptation are uncommon in biomechanics and physiology. Such studies require collecting data from many species, a challenge when data collection is experimentally intensive. Moreover, researchers struggle to employ the most biologically appropriate phylogenetic tools for identifying adaptive evolution. Here, we detail an established but greatly underutilized phylogenetic comparative framework—the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process—that explicitly models long-term adaptation. We discuss challenges in implementing and interpreting the model, and we outline potential solutions. We demonstrate use of the model through studying the evolution of thermal physiology in treefrogs. Frogs of the family Hylidae have twice colonized the temperate zone from the tropics, and such colonization likely involved a fundamental change in physiology due to colder and more seasonal temperatures. However, which traits changed to allow colonization is unclear. We measured cold-temperature tolerance and characterized thermal performance curves in jumping for twelve species of treefrogs distributed from the Neotropics to temperate North America. We then conducted phylogenetic comparative analyses to examine how tolerances and performance curves evolved and to test whether that evolution was adaptive. We found that tolerance to low temperatures increased with the transition to the temperate zone. In contrast, jumping well at colder temperatures was unrelated to biogeography and thus did not adapt during dispersal. Overall, our paper shows how comparative phylogenetic methods can be leveraged in biomechanics and physiology to test the evolutionary drivers of variation among species.</p>
SIRIUS Project - comparative dataset on socio-cultural, political and legal indicators
<p>This is an ad hoc dataset on socio-economic, cultural, political and legal indicators on migration covering all SIRIUS countries (Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Italy, Switzerland, United Kingdom), created by retrieving and systematizing a number of indicators available in the most relevant databases.</p> <p>The dataset has been created as part of the work package 2 of the SIRIUS Project "Skills and Integration of Migrants, Refugees and Asylum Applicants in European Labour markets". The work package, titled “Legal barriers and enablers”, examined the legal and institutional framework of migration and asylum, integrated with critical insights on the cultural and socio-economic environment of the SIRIUS countries. </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments and disclaimers</strong><br> This research was conducted under the Horizon 2020 project ‘SIRIUS’ (770515).<br> The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author. The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.</p>
SIRIUS Project - Comparative dataset on skills, qualifications and the employability of post-2014 migrants, refugees and asylum seekers
<p>The dataset provides harmonized country data on the skills and qualifications of post-2014 migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in all SIRIUS countries (Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Italy, Switzerland, United Kingdom). </p> <p>This dataset and the related codebook have been put together within the framework of Work package 1 of the SIRIUS Project "Skills and Integration of Migrants, Refugees and Asylum Applicants in European Labour markets". The work package, titled “Labour market barriers and enablers", aimed to determine (1) the position of post- 2014 migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in the labour market of their host country, (2) the main features of the host countries’ labour markets focusing on the sectoral structure and the relevant skills and occupations.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments and disclaimers</strong><br> This research was conducted under the Horizon 2020 project ‘SIRIUS’ (770515).<br> The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author. The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.</p>
Fig. 1. Collectionsitesfor 91 specimensfrom 29 locationsof Apodemusagrarius, usedin thisstudy. ThespecimennumberforeachlocationarelistedinTable 1 in Comparative Genetics Of Apodemus Agrarius (Rodentia: Mammalia) From Insular And Continental Eurasian Populations: Cytochrome B Sequence Analyses
Fig. 1. Collectionsitesfor 91 specimensfrom 29 locationsof Apodemusagrarius, usedin thisstudy. ThespecimennumberforeachlocationarelistedinTable 1, andminimum Jukes-Cantordistancesbetween 17 haplotypesfrommainlandKoreaandother 49 haplo- typesfromsevenregions (Taiwan, Jeju, northeasternChina, easternChina, centralChina, Far-easternRussia, andEurope) basedonthecytochrome b completesequencesaregiven
Terrestrial paleoclimate reconstruction of the UK Neogene (?Langhian to Piacenzian) comparing CREST, CRACLE and the Co-existence Approach
<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p> <p>The first detailed reconstruction of the terrestrial paleoclimate development of the UK Neogene (?Langhian to Piacenzian) is presented. The paleoclimate data are derived from the paleobotanical record using two probability-based reconstruction techniques CREST (Climate REconstruction SofTware) (Chevalier et al. 2014) and CRACLE (Climate Reconstruction Analysis using Coexistence Likelihood Estimation) (Harbert & Nixon 2015) that use Bayesian and likelihood estimation probability respectively. The results of these reconstructions are presented alongside reconstructions using the widely-applied Co-existence Approach (CA) (Utescher et al. 2014) for comparison. While all three techniques use the climate requirements of their Nearest Living Relatives as the basis of their reconstruction, they use different database observations. CREST and CRACLE use the GBIF (Global Biodiverstiy Information Facility) (GBIF, 2021) as well as WorldClim inputs for the 19 bioclimate variables used by BIOCLIM (<a href="http://www.worldclim.org/bioclim">http://www.worldclim.org/bioclim</a>). Meanwhile, the CA uses the Palaeoflora database, meaning the input for the three models is different. The reconstructions for the UK Neogene palaeoclimate come from 4 localities (12 samples total) spanning the Middle Miocene (Langhian) to Pliocene (Piacenzian): Trwyn y Parc, Anglesey (Middle Miocene), Brassington Formation, Derbyshire (Serravallian-Tortonian), Coralline Crag Formation (latest Zanclean-earliest Piacenzian) and Red Crag Formation (Piacenzian-Gelasian) of southeast England. We present CREST and CRACLE reconstructions of Mean Annual Temperature (MAT), Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter (MTWQ), Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter (MTCQ), Mean Annual Precipitation (MAP) and precipitation seasonality (CoV ×100). The CA does not reconstruct MTWQ, MTCQ or precipitation seasonality. Instead, the CA reconstructs Warmest Month Mean Temperature (WMMT) and Coldest Month Mean Temperature (CMMT). The proportion of rainfall falling in the wettest months of the year (RMPwet(%)) was used as a proxy for precipitation seasonality following the methodology of Jacques et al. (2011) and Utescher et al. (2015). The CREST R-code output provides 0.5 and 0.95 (2-σ) uncertainties as well as an optimum and mean for each variable. The CRACLE R-code output provides both parametric and non-parametric joint likelihoods (P-CRACLE and N-CRACLE) with 0.95 (2-σ) uncertainties and a mean that is based on P-CRACLE. The CA generates a minimum and maximum likelihood which together comprise the coexistence interval. The Neogene climate reconstruction of the UK shows a cooling trend from the Langhian to the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary. CREST and CRACLE produce trends and values consistent with Co-existence Approach data with 0.95 uncertainties overlapping with the CA coexistence interval.</p> <p><strong>File Descriptions </strong></p> <p>Table S1 displays the complete reconstruction for the UK Neogene using CREST, CRACLE and the Co-existence Approach.<br> Table S2 displays detailed site information including: modern and paleo latitude and longitude, dating technique, modern climatology and fossil assemblage diversity (number of fossil taxa versus number of NLRs used for climate reconstruction). Modern climatology has been included to serve as a comparison to the reconstructed Neogene climate. This data has been extracted from WorldClim 2.1 (Fick & Hijmans, 2017).<br> Data Set S1 contains the list of fossil spore and pollen taxa per site and associated Nearest Living Relatives (NLRs), where identifiable, used as the input for CREST, CRACLE and the Co-existence Approach. Relic taxa are included and highlighted in red.<br> Data Set S2 is included to show the effect relic taxa have on paleoclimate reconstructions. The relic taxa are removed following the protocol of Utescher et al. (2014) whereby known relic taxa are removed from analyses to avoid biased reconstructions. Relic taxa removed from analyses include <em>Cathaya</em>, <em>Cryptomeria</em>, <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> and <em>Sciadopitys </em>when present.<br> Data Set S3 is included to show the effects of removing family-level identifications in CRACLE reconstructions. Removing families is shown to generate a less informative reconstruction. Including both genera- and family-level classifications of NLR (Nearest Living Relative) is recommended, however we suggest identifying NLRs (Nearest Living Relatives) to genera-level wherever possible.</p>
Comparative genomics of eight aphid subfamilies reveals variable relationships between host horizontally-transferred genes and symbiont peptidoglycan metabolism.
<p>Genome assemblies, annotations, and orthologs of aphids (<em>Geopemphigus sp.</em>, <em>Stegophylla sp.</em>, <em>Chaitophorus viminalis</em>, and<em> Pemphigus obesinymphae</em>) and their symbionts. </p> <p>step1_final_assemblies_and_annotations.tar.gz: Aphid genomes and annotations</p> <p>step2_protein_evidence_used_for_genome_annotation.tar.gz: Protein evidence used for aphid genome annotation</p> <p>step3_amino_acid_inputs_for_aphid_orthologs: amino acid inputs for aphid ortholog assignmentt</p> <p>step5_buchnera_genomes_and_annotations.tar.gz: Buchnera genomes and annotations</p>
Comparative analysis of surface sanitization protocols on the bacterial community structures in the hospital environment
<p>In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing approaches to characterize the bacterial microbiota on different surfaces of the hospital environment. The longitudinal data was then subjected to comprehensive comparisons between different sanitation strategies (disinfectants, detergents and probiotics) to measure their potential effect on the microbial community structures in the hospital environment.</p> <p>This archive contains results and data of the 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing performed on 1019 environmental and 271 patient DNA samples collected over the time course of 40 weeks in a newly opened ward in the neurological station at the Charité Hospital (Berlin). The files include a study information and sample metadata sheets, BIOM-tables and information about the taxonomy results and diversity metrics.</p>
Diabetes-related excess mortality in Mexico: a comparative analysis of national death registries between 2017-2019 and 2020
<p>Dataset to replicate the article "Diabetes-related excess mortality in Mexico: a comparative analysis of national death registries between 2017-2019 and 2020" available in MedRxiv at: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.24.22271337v1</p> <p>Code available at: https://github.com/oyaxbell/diabetes_excess</p>
Comparative analysis of Printed Circuit Boards with Surface and Embedded Components under Natural and Forced Convection
<p>Figures of heat distribution on PCB depending on the installation method (surface and embedded) and the speed of forced airflow.</p>
A dataset of bird assemblages in different successional pathways– a comparative study in hemiboreal mixed forests
<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p><strong>Context </strong>The most productive forest lands have naturally the richest bird assemblages but tend to be also most intensively managed. Sustainable solutions to this conflict are unclear.</p> <p><strong>Aim </strong>To assess bird assemblages and their successional dynamics in planted Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies </em>L.) stands compared to naturally developing stands.</p> <p><strong>Methods </strong>We mapped breeding bird assemblages in forty 5-ha plots on highly productive soils in Estonia. The plots included sets of naturally regenerated and planted stands, and (as successional endpoints) clear-cuts and old stands.</p> <p><strong>Results </strong>Planted stands had fewer bird species and pairs than naturally regenerated stands; the latter having a species composition resembling late-successional deciduous-dominated stands. Importantly, the species composition in mature spruce plantations converged toward the composition observed in late-successional conifer-dominated stands. Downed dead wood, stand age, deciduous trees, and stock density were the most significant stand characteristics shaping bird assemblages.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong> The habitat value of established spruce plantations can be primarily improved by allowing for some deciduous trees and gaps with deciduous undergrowth. At the landscape scale, the bird diversity of even-aged systems would be enhanced by multi-scale applications of retention forestry – from retention trees to old-growth set-asides.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>The given dataset includes observations of breeding pairs on all 40 study plots with different management types. Variables explained in supplementary txt file. </p> <p> </p>
Summary of the comparative analyses between the examination models as perceived by teachers and students.
<p>Comparisons were made between model A: traditional face-to-face examination, model B: open-book examination with proctoring, model C: open book examination without proctoring. The results show that for teachers and students open-book exams with or without proctoring had no significant differences and are more in line with an authentic assessment than face-to-face exams.</p>
Comparative host transcriptomics as a tool to identify candidate biomarkers for immune reactions in leprosy: A meta-analysis study
<p>The dataset consists of R source code for the individual dataset analysis of the studies and their meta-analysis. It also contains supplementary tables and figure.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.