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333 results for “Convergent evolution”
Data from: Convergently evolved toxic secondary metabolites in plants drive the parallel molecular evolution of insect resistance
Natural selection imposed by natural toxins has led to striking levels of convergent evolution at the molecular level. Cardiac glycosides represent a group of plant toxins that block the Na,K-ATPase, a vital membrane protein in animals. Several herbivorous insects have convergently evolved resistant Na,K-ATPases, and in some species, convergent gene duplications have also arisen, likely to cope with pleiotropic costs of resistance. To understand the genetic basis and predictability of these adaptations, we studied five independent lineages of leaf-mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae). These flies have colonized host plants in four botanical families that convergently evolved cardiac glycosides of two structural types: cardenolides and bufadienolides. We compared each of six fly species feeding on such plants to a phylogenetically related but nonadapted species. Irrespective of the type of cardiac glycoside in the host plant, five out of six exposed species displayed substitutions in the cardiac glycoside–binding site of the Na,K-ATPase that were previously described in other insect orders; in only one species was the gene duplicated. In vitro assays of nervous tissue extractions confirmed that the substitutions lead to increased resistance of the Na,K-ATPase. Our results demonstrate that target site insensitivity of Na,K-ATPase is a common response to dietary cardiac glycosides leading to highly predictable amino acid changes; nonetheless, convergent evolution of gene duplication for this multifunctional enzyme appears more constrained.
Data from: Convergence on dental simplification in the evolution of whales
The fossil record of mammal dentition provides crucial insight into key ecological and functional transitions throughout their evolutionary history. For cetaceans, both extant clades differ markedly from their stem ancestors; neither retains the differentiated dentition, nor the tribosphenic molars characteristic of Mammalia. We used quantitative measures of dental complexity across fossil and living cetaceans to identify a trend towards dental simplicity through the Neogene. Both extant cetacean clades depart from the ancestral mammalian condition and concurrently converge upon a reduced and simplified dentition; modern mysticetes all have become entirely edentulous (at birth) and living odontocetes possess teeth as single rooted, conical pegs. These two parallel trends accompany major shifts in feeding strategy (i.e., filter-feeding in mysticetes, and echolocation in odontocetes), suggesting that these evolutionary innovations for prey acquisition are enabling factors for the loss of prey processing and subsequent convergence on dental simplification.
Data from: Latent homology and convergent regulatory evolution underlies the repeated emergence of yeasts
Convergent evolution is common throughout the tree of life, but the molecular mechanisms causing similar phenotypes to appear repeatedly are obscure. Yeasts have arisen in multiple fungal clades, but the genetic causes and consequences of their evolutionary origins are unknown. Here we show that the potential to develop yeast forms arose early in fungal evolution and became dominant independently in multiple clades, most likely via parallel diversification of Zn-cluster transcription factors, a fungal-specific family involved in regulating yeast–filamentous switches. Our results imply that convergent evolution can happen by the repeated deployment of a conserved genetic toolkit for the same function in distinct clades via regulatory evolution. We suggest that this mechanism might be a common source of evolutionary convergence even at large time scales.
Repeated independent origins of the placenta reveal convergent and divergent organ evolution within a single fish family (Poeciliidae)
<p>An outstanding question in biology is to what extent convergent evolution produces similar, but not necessarily identical, complex phenotypic solutions. The placenta is a complex organ that repeatedly evolved in the livebearing fish family Poeciliidae. Here, we apply comparative approaches to test whether evolution has produced similar or different placental phenotypes in the Poeciliidae and to what extent these phenotypes correlate with convergence at the molecular level. We show the existence of two placental phenotypes characterized by distinctly different anatomical adaptations (divergent evolution). Furthermore, each placental phenotype independently evolved multiple times across the family, providing evidence for repeated convergence. Moreover, our comparative genomic analysis revealed that the genomes of species with different placentas are evolving at a different pace. Finally, we show that the two placental phenotypes correlate with two previously described contrasting life-history optima. Our results argue for high evolvability (both divergent and convergent) of the placenta within a group of closely related species in a single family.</p>
Data from: Convergently evolved toxic secondary metabolites in plants drive the parallel molecular evolution of insect resistance
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Data from: Latent homology and convergent regulatory evolution underlies the repeated emergence of yeasts
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Data from: Convergence on dental simplification in the evolution of whales
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Data from: Convergent evolution of sperm gigantism and the developmental origins of sperm size variability in Caenorhabditis nematodes
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Data from: Phylogenomic analyses reveal convergent patterns of adaptive evolution in elephant and human ancestries
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Molecular Specificity, Convergence and Constraint Shape Adaptive Evolution in Nutrient-Poor Environments [aCGH]
GEO Series GSE52696. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 43 samples. Type: Genome variation profiling by genome tiling array.
Phenotypic Convergence in Bacterial Adaptive Evolution to Ethanol Stress
GEO Series GSE59050. Escherichia coli. 31 samples. Type: Expression profiling by genome tiling array.
Convergent evolution of scavenger cell development at vertebrate brain borders
GEO Series GSE270486. Danio rerio; Mus musculus. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Convergent evolution of complex regulatory landscapes and pleiotropy at Hox loci (RNA-seq)
GEO Series GSE62268. Mus musculus. 2 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Convergent Epigenetic Evolution Drives Relapse in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
GEO Series GSE256495. Homo sapiens. 195 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Convergent evolution of complex regulatory landscapes and pleiotropy at Hox loci
GEO Series GSE62269. Mus musculus. 10 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Other; Genome binding/occupancy profiling by genome tiling array.
Convergent evolution of complex regulatory landscapes and pleiotropy at Hox loci (4C-seq)
GEO Series GSE62265. Mus musculus. 4 samples. Type: Other.
Phenotypic convergent evolution towards fosfomycin collateral sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotic resistant mutants
GEO Series GSE153006. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 5 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Convergent evolution of complex regulatory landscapes and pleiotropy at Hox loci (tiling)
GEO Series GSE62073. Mus musculus. 4 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by genome tiling array.
Convergent evolution of MDP-monocyte differentiation in adult skin permits repair of the Langerhans cell network
GEO Series GSE247879. Mus musculus. 18 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
FIG. 2 in A new species of bat of the Hipposideros bicolor group (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from Central Laos, with evidence of convergent evolution with Sundaic taxa
FIG. 2. Face and noseleaf of H. khaokhouayensis alive, in frontal view. The specimen is one of the paratypes (IEX-M0106), and was collected with a harp trap by AGS on 11 May 1998, in the understory of a fragment of evergreen forest near Ban Nampe, about 11 km NE of Vang Vieng, Vang Vieng District, Vientiane Province, Central Lao PDR
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.