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FIGURE 3. Justicia dispar. A in Taxonomic revision of Justicia sect. Harnieria (Acanthaceae) from the Philippines

FIGURE 3. Justicia dispar. A. Flowering branch; B. Inflorescence bract; C. Capsule with calyx. (Drawn by Dinghan CUI from the holotype M. Ramos & G. Edaño Bur. Sci. 26499).

Figure 16 in The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (mesoeucrocodylia, thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometric morphometrics, analysis of disparity, and biomechanics

Figure 16. Principle coordinates morphospace subdivided into four time bins: (A) Middle Jurassic (Bajocian–Callovian); (B) Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian; (C) Tithonian; (D) Early Cretaceous (Berriasian–Valanginian). The black ellipse contains the metriorhynchine taxa, whereas the grey ellipse contains the Geosaurinae.

Figure 7 in The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (mesoeucrocodylia, thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometric morphometrics, analysis of disparity, and biomechanics

Figure 7. Metriorhynchoidea phylogeny, with dental characters mapped. The thin branches refer to smooth carinated crowns, whereas the bold black lines refer to denticulate carinae. The bold grey indicates crowns lacking carinae. The symbols refer to tooth morphology guilds from Massare (1987) and Ciampaglio et al. (2005).

Figure 4. Comparative metriorhynchid cranial morphology. A in The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (mesoeucrocodylia, thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometric morphometrics, analysis of disparity, and biomechanics

Figure 4. Comparative metriorhynchid cranial morphology. A, Eoneustes gaudryi comb. nov., holotype, NHM R.3353. B, Geosaurus araucanensis, holotype, MLP 72-IV-7-1. C, Cricosaurus suevicus, lectotype, SMNS 9808. D, Enaliosuchus schroederi, holotype, MMGLV#. E, Suchodus durobrivensis, referred specimen, NHM R.2618. F, Metriorhynchus superciliosus, referred specimen, MNHN 1908-6. G, Geosaurus giganteus, referred specimen, NHM 37020. H, Dakosaurus maximus, neotype, SMNS 8203. Scale bars: 20 mm. We thank N. Knötschke for photograph (D), and P. Hurst and P.M. Barrett for photograph (G).

Figure 3 in The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (mesoeucrocodylia, thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometric morphometrics, analysis of disparity, and biomechanics

Figure 3. Metriorhynchoidea phylogeny, with character complexes relating to marine adaptation mapped by shading. The light-grey shading indicates taxa demonstrating the 'typical' adaptations of metriorhynchids, i.e. hypocercal tails, no osteoderms, and no external mandibular fenestrae. The mid-grey shading refers to taxa with dorsally inclined paroccipital processes and verticalized squamosals; whereas the dark-grey shading highlights taxa with streamlined crania (lateral processes of the frontal reoriented caudally, creating an acute angle between the medial and lateral processes of the frontal) and more flattened humeri.

Figure 6 in The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (mesoeucrocodylia, thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometric morphometrics, analysis of disparity, and biomechanics

Figure 6. Lateral aspect cranial reconstructions, with the muscle line of action indicated: (A) Teleidosaurus calvadosii (modified from Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1867–1869); (B) Metriorhynchus superciliosus (composite based upon specimens from NHM and MNHN). The broken line represents the musculus pseudotemporalis–intramandibularis, whereas the solid black line is the musculus depressor mandibulae. The pterygoids are reconstructed based upon teleosaurids.

Figure 15 in The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (mesoeucrocodylia, thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometric morphometrics, analysis of disparity, and biomechanics

Figure 15. Rarefaction plots for two metrics (sum of ranges and sum of variances) that measure metriorhynchoid disparity (all taxa) throughout time. A, sum of ranges. B, sum of variances. The sum of variances shows little obvious relationship with sample size, in keeping with the theoretical robustness of the measure to differences in sample size (see Wills et al., 1994). The sum of ranges curve suggests that, although this measure is highly sensitive to sample size (Wills et al., 1994), the patterns for metriorhynchoids are robust. Notably, the relative ordering of disparity measures from high (Tithonian) to low (Bathonian) is seen at all sample sizes, from N = 3 upwards. Abbreviations: B, Bathonian; C, Callovian; EK, Early Cretaceous; K, Kimmeridgian; O, Oxfordian; T, Tithonian.

Figure 5 in The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (mesoeucrocodylia, thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometric morphometrics, analysis of disparity, and biomechanics

Figure 5. Postcranial marine adaptations of metriorhynchids (Rhacheosaurus gracilis NHM R.3948): (A) tail fluke with an impression of the fleshy upper lobe (the only specimen preserving this feature); (B) hindlimbs, note the high proportion that the pes makes, compared with the tibia–fibula, and how poorly developed the pelvis is.

Figure 8 in The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (mesoeucrocodylia, thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometric morphometrics, analysis of disparity, and biomechanics

Figure 8. Comparative metriorhynchid dental morphology: (A) in situ crowns of Geosaurus giganteus NHM R.1229; (B) isolated crown of Dakosaurus maximus HMN R.4313; (C) in situ crowns of Suchodus durobrivensis NHM R.2618; (D) isolated crown of Suchodus brachyrhynchus HMN R.3386.2; (E) in situ crowns of Cricosaurus schroederi MMGLV#; (F) isolated crowns of Metriorhynchus superciliosus NMW 19 96 G15a. Scale bars: 10 mm. We thank for N. Knötschke for photograph (E).

Figure 2 in The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (mesoeucrocodylia, thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometric morphometrics, analysis of disparity, and biomechanics

Figure 2. Strict consensus of Metriorhynchoidea from Young & Andrade (2009), calibrated by Tethys ammonite zones. See the Appendix for further details regarding genera and taxonomy.

Figure 17 in The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (mesoeucrocodylia, thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometric morphometrics, analysis of disparity, and biomechanics

Figure 17. von Mises stress contour plots for each taxon placed within the phylogenetic context. The left-hand models are those in dorsal aspect (with the appropriate scale), whereas those on the right are the lateral-aspect models (with their own respective scale).

Figure 14 in The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (mesoeucrocodylia, thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometric morphometrics, analysis of disparity, and biomechanics

Figure 14. The disparity (morphological diversity) of metriorhynchoids through time, based on two metrics (sum of ranges and sum of variances, derived from a PCO analysis; see text for details). A, B, disparity of all metriorhynchoids through time. C, D, disparity of metriorhynchines through time. E, F, disparity of geosaurines through time. Squares represent the disparity metric and error bars denote 95% confidence intervals, based on bootstrapping. There are no error bars for the Early Cretaceous geosaurines because of the small sample size (N = 2).

Figure 9 in The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (mesoeucrocodylia, thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometric morphometrics, analysis of disparity, and biomechanics

Figure 9. Species diversity of Metriorhynchoidea (both taxic and phylogenetically corrected) for each stage subdivision.

Figure 13 in The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (mesoeucrocodylia, thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometric morphometrics, analysis of disparity, and biomechanics

Figure 13. Principle coordinates cladistic character morphospace, delimited by the first two axes. The black ellipse contains the metriorhynchine taxa, whereas the grey ellipse contains the Geosaurinae.

Figure 12 in The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (mesoeucrocodylia, thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometric morphometrics, analysis of disparity, and biomechanics

Figure 12. Relative warps morphospace subdivided into three time bins: (A) Callovian; (B) Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian; (C) Tithonian–Berriasian.

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FIGURES 30−34. Sycorax dispar Satchell, male. 30 in New species of Psychodidae (Diptera) from Australasia, with a checklist of the world species of Bruchomyiinae and Sycoracinae

FIGURES 30−34. Sycorax dispar Satchell, male. 30. Parameres and aedeagus, dorsal view. 31. Right gonopod, dorsolateral view. Sycorax tridentata Curler sp. nov., male. 32. Parameres and aedeagus, dorsal view. 33. Genital tract, dorsal view. 34. Left gonopod, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.05 mm.

Figure 11 in Morphological disparity in a hyperdiverse mammal clade: a new morphotype and tribe of Neotropical cricetids

Figure 11. Selected cranial details in Rhagomys rufescens (all based on MZUFV-CM 3706): A, laterodorsal view of the left temporal region showing the alisphenoid strut (as); B, lateral view of the anterior part of the cranium to show the broad zygomatic plate (note also the staggered incisor profile highlighted by an arrow); C, left zygomatic plate ventrally viewed to put in evidence the thick posterior border (pb) transversally oriented and the point (marked with an arrow) where the shaft twist; D, lateroventral view of the occipital region showing a large foramen magnum (fm), the left mastoid capsule (mc) and the ventral appearance of a prominent petrosal (pe).

Figure 9 in Morphological disparity in a hyperdiverse mammal clade: a new morphotype and tribe of Neotropical cricetids

Figure 9. Selected soft anatomical traits of Rhagomys: A, dorsal view of the tongue in R. septentrionalis (MEPN 12715); B, caecal portion of the intestine in R. rufescens (MZUFV-CM 3706); C, soft palate in R. septentrionalis (MECN 6172); D, external (left) and internal (right) view of the stomach in R. rufescens (MZUFV-CM 3706); E, frontal view of the rhinarium in R. rufescens (right panel; MZUSP 33890) and R. septentrionalis (left panel; MECN 6172). Abbreviations: a, alanasi; ce, caecum; co, colon; cv, circumvallate papilla; d, diastemal ridge; es, esophagus; i, interdental ridge; il, ileum; n, nasal pad; p, basal fold; ph, philtrum; py, pylorous.

Figure 6 in Morphological disparity in a hyperdiverse mammal clade: a new morphotype and tribe of Neotropical cricetids

Figure 6. Unique tubercular hypsodonty in Rhagomys exemplified by R. septentrionalis (MECN 6172): right upper (A, C) and lower (B, D) molar series viewed from behind (A, B) and the labial side (C, D). The pictures are three-dimensional reconstructions based on micro-CT data.

Figure 4 in Morphological disparity in a hyperdiverse mammal clade: a new morphotype and tribe of Neotropical cricetids

Figure 4. Mandible morphology of Rhagomys: A, external view of the left hemimandible of R. longilingua (FMNH 170687): note the chin process (c) and the straight inner border (b); B, external view of the left hemimandible of R. septentrionalis (MECN 6172); C, medial view of the left hemimandible of R. septentrionalis (MECN 6172); D, dorsolateral view of the retromolar fossa in the left hemimandible of R. septentrionalis (MECN 6172); E, lingual dorsolateral view of the retromolar fossa in the left hemimandible of R. rufescens (MZUFV-CM 3706): note the elevated bony ridge (mi) forming the caudad close of the fossa. Except for A and E the pictures are three-dimensional reconstructions based on micro-CT data.