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FIGURE 3 in A new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae, Orchideae) from Qinghai Province, China

FIGURE 3. Plants of Habenaria qinghaiensis X.H. Jin & C.B. Ma, sp. nov. A. Lateral view of inflorescence; B. Front view of inflorescence; C. Leaves; D. Front view of flower; E. Front view of column, showing thickened callus at the entrance of spur; F. Front view of column; G. Lateral view of column; H. Column, adaxial view; I. Lateral view of flower; J. Spur and ovary; K. Ovary; L. Tepals and lip; M. Pollinia; N. Petal; O. Dorsal sepal; P. Lateral sepal. Photographed by Xiaohua Jin and Chongbo Ma.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae, Orchideae) from Qinghai Province, China

FIGURE 1. Phylogram of Bayesian Inference, based on nrDNA ITS and plastid sequences (matK and rbcL). Numbers above branches indicate bootstrap percentages (BS) for ML analysis and posterior probabilities (PP) for BI analysis respectively. a dash (--) indicates support at a node <50%.

FIGURE 4. Habenaria qinghaiensis X.H. Jin & C.B in A new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae, Orchideae) from Qinghai Province, China

FIGURE 4. Habenaria qinghaiensis X.H. Jin & C.B. Ma, sp. nov. A. Plant; B. Front view of flower; C. Spur and ovary; D. Lobes of lip; E. Petal, lateral sepal and dorsal sepal; F. Front view of column.

FIGURE 2. A, B in A new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae, Orchideae) from Qinghai Province, China

FIGURE 2. A, B. Habitat and plants of Habenaria qinghaiensis X.H. Jin & C.B. Ma, sp. nov.; C. Habitat and plants of Habenaria josephi Rchb.f.

FIGURES 6–10 in Taxonomy on three allied genera within Arcypterini (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China

FIGURES 6–10. External morphological characters of the species Leuconemacris muliensis, sp. nov.. 6: male pronotum, dorsal view; 7–8: male terminalia, lateral and dorsal views; 9: male right tegmen; 10: epiphallus, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 32–39 in Taxonomy on three allied genera within Arcypterini (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China

FIGURES 32–39. Habitus of the species in the Leuconemacris, Asulconotoides and Asulconotus, in dorsal and lateral views, male and female. 32–33: Leuconemacris xizangensis (Yin, 1984); 34–35: Asulconotoides sichuanensis Liu, 1984; 36–37: Asulconotus acarinatus, sp. nov.; 38–39: Asulconotus chinghaiensis Ying, 1974.

FIGURES 1–5 in Taxonomy on three allied genera within Arcypterini (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China

FIGURES 1–5. External morphological characters of the species Leuconemacris acuminata, sp. nov.. 1: male pronotum, dorsal view; 2–3: male terminalia, lateral and dorsal views; 4: male right tegmen; 5: epiphallus, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 22–31 in Taxonomy on three allied genera within Arcypterini (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China

FIGURES 22–31. Habitus of the species in the Leuconemacris, in dorsal and lateral views, male and female. 22–23: Leuconemacris acuminata, sp. nov.; 24–25: L. daochengensis Zheng, 1988; 26–27: L. muliensis, sp. nov.; 28–29: L. xiangchengensis Zheng, 1988; 30–31(5th nymph): L. xinlongensis, sp. nov..

FIGURES 11–15 in Taxonomy on three allied genera within Arcypterini (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China

FIGURES 11–15. External morphological characters of the species Leuconemacris xinlongensis, sp. nov.. 11: male pronotum, dorsal view; 12–13: male terminalia, lateral and dorsal views; 14: male right tegmen; 15: epiphallus, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 16–21 in Taxonomy on three allied genera within Arcypterini (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China

FIGURES 16–21. External morphological characters of the species Asulconotus acarinatus, sp. nov.. 16–17: pronotum, male and female, dorsal view; 18–19: male terminalia, lateral and dorsal views; 20: male right tegmen; 21: epiphallus, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 96–101 in Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae

FIGURES 96–101. Surirella brebissonii var. kuetzingii, SEM, internal view. 96–98. Three complete valves. Note that the valve is composed of two portions: central and outside (labeled in Fig. 97). 99. Headpole from Fig. 96, note the continuous raphe at the apex (wavy arrow). 100. Footpole from Fig. 96, note the raphe interrupted at the apex (two arrows). 101. Detail of the valve margin from Fig. 96, note the slim and short fibulae and the occurrence of three portulae between two adjacent fibulae. Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 96–98), 1 μm (Figs 99–101).

FIGURES 72–77 in Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae

FIGURES 72–77. Surirella lacrimula, SEM, internal view. 72–74. Three complete valves, note the slim and short fibulae, some bifurcate (one arrow respectively), and the distinct central portion (indicated by a dotted line in Fig. 74). 75. Details on the middle section from Fig. 72. Note the presence of three portulae between two adjacent fibulae (three arrows) and multiseriate striae. 76. Headpole from Fig. 72, note the continuous raphe (wave arrow). 77. Footpole from Fig. 72, note the interrupted raphe endings (two arrows). Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 72–74), 1 μm (Figs 75–77).

FIGURES 55–66 in Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae

FIGURES 55–66. Surirella lacrimula, LM (1000×). 55–66. Twelve different valves showing the size diminution series. Note the ovate valve outline, the recognizable central and outside portions of the valve (labeled in Fig. 59), and the discernible costa-stria bundles (CBSs) within the outside portion. Scale bar = 10 μm (in Fig. 55).

FIGURES 49–54 in Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae

FIGURES 49–54. Surirella minuta, SEM, internal view. 49, 50. Two complete valves, note the portulae are clearly visible. 51. Middle part of the valve, details from Fig. 49. Note that each fibula corresponds to a sinking in the mantle (three double-headed arrows). 52. Headpole from Fig. 49, note the continuing raphe (wavy arrow). 53. Footpole from Fig. 49, note the interrupted raphe endings (two arrows). 54. Middle part from Fig. 50, note only one portula between two adjacent fibulae (two arrows). Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 49–50), 1 μm (Figs 51–54).

FIGURES 43–48 in Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae

FIGURES 43–48. Surirella minuta, SEM, external view. 43, 44. Two valves showing the valve shape and the pattern of costa-stria bundles (CSB, labeled with white arrows in Fig. 43) alternated with over-fibula costae (OFC, labelled with black arrows in Fig. 43) from pole to pole. 45, 46. Details of the middle section of the valve (Fig. 45 from Fig. 43, Fig. 46 from Fig. 44), note the pattern of CSB alternated with OFC and multiseriate striae. 47, 48. Details of the apices from Fig. 43. Note the raphe endings interrupted at both the headpole (Fig. 47) and footpole (Fig. 48). Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 43, 44), 1 μm (Figs 45–48).

FIGURES 21–26 in Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae

FIGURES 21–26. Surirella liubingii sp. nov., SEM, internal view. 21–23. Three complete valves, note the robust fibulae and the internal wall of the raphe canal that distinctly grows into the cell cavity to the extent that the internal raphe canal wall develops to form a longitudinal siliceous plate (i.e., a "pseudoseptum") from the valve margin, indicated by two double-headed arrows in Fig. 21), which hides the portula structure. 24. Headpole from Fig. 21, note the continuous raphe. 25. Middle part, detail from Fig. 21, note the robust fibulae extending to the midline (two arrows) and multiseriate striae. 26. Footpole from Fig. 21, note interrupted raphe endings (two arrows) and striated raphe canal wall (two wavy arrows). Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 21–23), 1 μm (Figs 24–26).

FIGURES 67–71 in Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae

FIGURES 67–71. Surirella lacrimula, SEM, external view. 67.A complete valve showing the relatively flat valve surface and inconspicuous costa-stria bundles (CSBs). 68, 69. Details of the apices, from Fig. 67. 70, 71. Details of the middle section of the valve, from Fig. 67. Note that over-fibula costae (OFCs) are difficult to distinguish. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 67), 1 μm (Figs 68–71).

FIGURES 15–20 in Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae

FIGURES 15–20. Surirella liubingii sp. nov., SEM, external view. 15–17. Three valves showing the valve shape, the pattern of costa-stria bundles (CSBs, white arrows labeled in Fig. 16) alternated with over-fibula costae (OFCs, black arrows labeled in Fig. 16) from pole to pole. 18. Middle section of the valve, detail from Fig. 17, note CSBs, OFCs, and multiseriate striae. 19, 20. Details of the valve apices from Fig. 17, note the simple, interrupted raphe endings at both the footpole (Fig. 19, two arrows) and headpole (Fig. 20, two arrows). Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 15–17), 1 μm (Figs 18–20).

FIGURES 90–95 in Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae

FIGURES 90–95. Surirella brebissonii var. kuetzingii, SEM, external view. 90, 91. Two complete valves, note the valve composed of a central portion and outside portion (indicated in Fig. 91). 92. Details of the middle section from Fig. 90, note costa-stria bundles (CSBs) alternating with over-fibula costae (OFCs). 93, 94. Details of the headpole (Fig. 93) and footpole (Fig. 94) from Fig. 90. Note the simple, interrupted raphe endings at both poles (two arrows respectively). Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 90, 91), 1 μm (Figs 92–95).

FIGURES 27–42 in Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae

FIGURES 27–42. Surirella minuta, LM (1000×). Sixteen valves illustrating the size diminution series. Note the costa-stria bundles that nearly reach the valve margins. Scale bar = 10 μm (in Fig. 27).