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Figure 13. P in With eyes wide open: a revision of species within and closely related to the Pocillopora damicornis species complex (Scleractinia; Pocilloporidae) using morphology and genetics

Figure 13. P. bairdi sp. nov. A, in situ appearance. B, skeleton of specimen. C and D, scanning electron micrographs of specimen. E, corallum of holotype (side view) (MTQ-G65918). F, corallum of paratype (side view) (MTQ-G65919). G, mosaic colony including holotype (left), P. meandrina (upper right), and P. damicornis (lower right). H, previous colony in situ.

Figure 5. A in With eyes wide open: a revision of species within and closely related to the Pocillopora damicornis species complex (Scleractinia; Pocilloporidae) using morphology and genetics

Figure 5. A, haplotype network based on ORF DNA sequence data and incorporating published Pocillopora sequence data from other locations across the Indian and Pacific Oceans (total alignment length 594 bp). B, geographical account of these lineages on a global scale based solely on genetic lineages.

Figure 3. A in With eyes wide open: a revision of species within and closely related to the Pocillopora damicornis species complex (Scleractinia; Pocilloporidae) using morphology and genetics

Figure 3. A, DAPC of gross morphological characters. Bi-plot indication of character (see Table 1 for explanation of characters) contribution is shown in blue. Individuals are represented by dots and groups by elipses. Box, cluster-based reassignment probabilities (dotted lines indicate probabilities if Type α is excluded from calculations). B, branch-based reassignment probabilities for each cluster; bars indicate genetic lineages [probability of reassignment of a branch (N = 133) (horizontal bars, y-axis) to a certain cluster (genetic lineage) (vertical bars, x-axis) is indicated by shades: white = 0, dark grey = 1]. Clusters: α, Pocillopora damicornis; β, P. acuta; e, P. eydouxi; m, P. meandrina; δ, P. aliciae; γ, P. verrucosa; x, P. bairdi sp. nov.

Figure 1 in With eyes wide open: a revision of species within and closely related to the Pocillopora damicornis species complex (Scleractinia; Pocilloporidae) using morphology and genetics

Figure 1. Schematic illustration of morphometric measurements taken of corallum (side view). Numbers refer to morphometric measurements taken from each colony (see Table 1).

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FIG. 3 in The barnacles of Astreopora (Cirripedia, Pyrgomatini/ Scleractinia, Acroporidae): organization plans, host speci®city, species-richness and geographic range

FIG. 3. Hiroa stubbingsi Ross and Newman, 1973 from Astreopora myriophthalma Lamarck, 1816 from Sulawesi, Indonesia (RMNH C 2276): (A) labrum and outlines of mandibular palps; (B) mandibular palp; (C) mandible; (D) maxilla I; (E) maxilla II. Scale bar= 0.1 mm.

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FIG. 1 in The barnacles of Astreopora (Cirripedia, Pyrgomatini/ Scleractinia, Acroporidae): organization plans, host speci®city, species-richness and geographic range

FIG. 1. Distribution of Astreopora (shaded, after Veron 1986, 1993) and known occurrences of Cantellius euspinulosa (D), C. iwayama (E), C. tredecimus, (D) C. pallidus (L), Hiroa stubbingsi (H), Cionophora soongi (*) and C. guillaumae sp. nov. (+). Localities, for sites of collection see results: 1, Red Sea, Gulf of Elat or Aqaba; 2, Red Sea; 3, Red Sea,Yemen; 4, Kenya; 5, Tanzania; 6, Mozambique, Inhaca Island; 7, Seychelles; 8, Mauritius; 9, Reunion; 10, Maldive Islands; 11, Vietnam; 12, Indonesia, Sabah; 13, Indonesia, Sulawesi; 14, Philippines; 15, Taiwan (Soong and Chang, 1983); 16, Japan, Okinawa (Ogawa and Matsuzaki, 1990; Asami and Yamaguchi, 1997); 17, Japan, Kushimoto, 18, Truk Islands (Ollan Island, type locality of Hiroa stubbingsi); 19, Australia, Western Australia; 20, Australia, Darwin; 21, 22, Australia, Great Barrier Reef; 23, Australia, Lord Howe Island; 24, New Caledonia (type locality of Cionophora guillaumae); 25, Vanuatu; 26, Marshall Islands, Enewetok Atoll; 27, Gilbert Islands; 28, Tonga Islands.

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FIG. 2 in The barnacles of Astreopora (Cirripedia, Pyrgomatini/ Scleractinia, Acroporidae): organization plans, host speci®city, species-richness and geographic range

FIG. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of shell and opercular plates of Hiroa stubbingsi Ross and Newman, 1973: (A) exterior of specimen from Sulawesi, Indonesia (RMNH C 2276) with opercular plates in place [see (D) for enlargement of area outlined on (A), and (E) for enlargement of the opercular region]; (B) carinal plate and portion of basis of specimen from Sabah (Borneo) showing grooves in basis into which the radial septa of the wall insert; (C) interior of partially disarticulated wall showing four parietal plates (note the rostrum contributes substantially less to the sheath than the carina despite their comparable widths); (D) radial ridge and marginal teeth of radial septum engaging a longitudinal groove of the basis [enlargement of outlined area in (A)]; (E) enlargement of the opercular plates in situ, illustrating interlocking of the teeth of the occludent margins of the scuta and the rows of pores; (F) articulate opercular valves of a specimen from New Caledonia illustrating the relationships of the large area for insertion of tergal depressor muscles and the relatively large spur of the tergum to the large, dependent limbus adductorum (adductor ridge) of the scutum (a, outer view; b, inner view); (G) disarticulated scuta and terga of a specimen from Sulawesi Indonesia (RMNH C 2276) (a and b, scuta; c and d, terga). Scale bars: (A±C, F, G)= 1 mm; (D, E)=0.1 mm.

FIGURE 3. A in Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean

FIGURE 3. A, Cladocora arbuscula, INV CNI215, off Santa Marta (Cinto Bay), colony, x 1.5; B, Polycyathus mayae, INV CNI797, off San Bernardo Islands, oblique lateral view, x 10; C–D, Deltocyathus calcar, D17 MARCORAL, off San Bernardo Islands, calicular and basal views, both x 4.4; E–F, Deltocyathus sp. cf. D. italicus, INV CNI711, off Cartagena, lateral and calicular views, both x 3; G–H, Deltocyathus eccentricus, INV CNI721, off San Bernardo Islands, calicular and lateral views, both x 4.2; I–J, Stephanocyathus (S.) diadema, INV CNI329, off Gulf of Uraba, calicular and basal views, both x 0.7; K–L, Stephanocyathus (S.) paliferus, INV CNI388, off Barranquilla, calicular and basal views, both x 1; M–N, Stephanocyathus (O.) coronatus INV CNI324, Venezuela, Cariaco Basin, calicular and lateral views, both x 1; O–P, Stephanocyathus (S.) isabellae INV CNI694, holotype, off San Bernardo Islands, calicular and basal views, both x 2.6; Q–R, Stephanocyathus (S.) isabellae, INV CNI2076, paratype, off San Bernardo Islands, calicular and basal views, both x 2.7; S, Thalamophyllia riisei, INV CNI676, off San Bernardo Islands, branching pattern, x 1.4; T, Eusmilia fastigiata; colony from calicular view, x 0.9. Scale bars for A, I–T = 1 cm; C–H = 5 mm; B = 1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean

FIGURE 1. Sites in the Colombian Caribbean Sea where Caryophylliidae specimens have been collected. Dashed lines show 100, 200, 500 and 1000 m depth isobaths, respectively. Upper left, general location showing the Exclusive Economic Zone of Colombia (gray line), in both Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean: 1, San Andres and Old Providence Archipelago; 2, stations at the northern coast of the Colombian Pacific.

FIGURE 4. A in Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean

FIGURE 4. A, Lophelia pertusa, INV CNI396, off La Guajira (Honda Bay), colony fragments, x 1; B–C, Oxysmilia rotundifolia, INV CNI687, off San Bernardo Islands, calicular and lateral views, both x 1.1; D–E, Colangia immersa, INV CNI683, off La Guajira (Punta Gallinas), calicular and lateral views, both x 3; F–G, Phyllangia americana americana, INV CNI274, off La Guajira (Caricari Point), colony from calicular and oblique views, both x 2; H–I, Rhizosmilia maculata, INV CNI178, off Santa Marta, calicular and lateral views, both x 3.6; J–K, Phacelocyathus flos, INV CNI2940, off San Bernardo Islands, calicular and lateral views, both x 3.6; L–M, Anomocora fecunda INV CNI2897 off San Bernardo Islands, calicular and lateral views, x 3.2, x 1, respectively; N–O, Anomocora prolifera, INV CNI2725, off San Bernardo Islands, calicular view showing rejuvenescence stage and lateral view, both x 4.4; P–Q, Anomocora marchadi, INV CNI2303, off La Guajira, calicular and lateral views, both x 3.6; R, Coenosmilia arbuscula, INV CNI855, off San Bernardo Islands, branching pattern, x 1.5; S–T, Heterocyathus antoniae, paratype, INV CNI2076, off Manaure, calicular and lateral views, both x 4.5; U–W, Heterocyathus antoniae, INV CNI740, holotype, off Santa Marta (Neguanje Bay): U, basal view showing sipunculid holes, V, calicular view, and W, lateral view, all x 4.5. Scale bars for A–C, M, R = 1 cm; D–L, N–Q, S–W = 5 mm.

FIGURE 2. A–B in Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean

FIGURE 2. A–B, Caryophyllia berteriana, INV CNI2553, off San Bernardo Islands, calicular and lateral views, both x 1.5; C, Caryophyllia crypta, USNM 99187, Santa Marta, paratype, x 4; D–E, Caryophyllia barbadensis, INV CNI669, off San Bernardo Islands, calicular and lateral views, both x 10; F–G, Caryophyllia ambrosia caribbeana, INV CNI364, off La Rada inlet, calicular and lateral views, both x 1.6; H–I, Coenocyathus parvulus, INV CNI671, off San Bernardo Islands, calicular and lateral views, both x 10; J–K, Trochocyathus rawsonii, INV CNI681, off Gulf of Morrosquillo, calicular and lateral views, both x 3.2; L–M, Trochocyathus sp. cf. T. fasciatus, INV CNI379, off Santa Marta, calicular and lateral views, both x 4.6; N, Tethocyathus prahli, INV CNI905, off La Guajira (Punta Gallinas), calicular view x 2.7; O, T. prahli, INV CNI1514, off Chocó, Pacific Ocean, calicular view x 2.7; P–Q, Tethocyathus variabilis, INV CNI2404, off San Bernardo Islands, calicular and lateral views, both x 4; R–S, Paracyathus pulchellus, INV CNI2305, off La Guajira, calicular and lateral views, both x 4.4; T–U, Polycyathus senegalensis, INV CNI809, off La Guajira, calicular view and colony, both x 2.7; V, Cladocora debilis, INV CNI877, off Palomino, colony fragment showing typical branching pattern, x 0.8. Scale bars for A–B, F–G, V = 1 cm; C, J–U = 5 mm; D–E, H–I = 1 mm.

Figure 28. Diploastrea Matthai, 1914 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 28. Diploastrea Matthai, 1914, has discrete corallites that bud extracalicularly, septa in ≥ four cycles (≥ 48 septa), and large (≥ 1/4 of calice width) spongy columellae. Septal teeth elliptical−parallel at base; weak (rounded) granules scattered on septal face. Walls formed by synapticulotheca and partial septotheca; thickening deposits in concentric rings with extensive stereome. A–F, Diploastrea heliopora (Lamarck, 1816), the only living species of Diploastrea; macromorphology, Orbicella minikoiensis Gardiner, 1904, syntype of Diploastrea NHMUK 1927.5.4.153, Minicoy, Lakshadweep, India (A; photo by N. Santodomingo); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B, E) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C), hypotype USNM 93732, Madang, Papua New Guinea; macromorphology, holotype MNHN IK-2010-551, unknown locality (D); microstructure, hypotype USNM 48046, Redang Island, eastern coast of Peninsula Malaysia (F).

Figure 27 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 27. Montastraea de Blainville, 1830, has discrete corallites that bud extracalicularly, septa in ≥ four cycles (≥ 48 septa) spaced> 11 septa per 5 mm, regular free septa, and large (≥ 1/4 of calice width) spongy columellae. Septal teeth elliptical−perpendicular at base. Walls formed by partial septotheca and weak abortive septa, with strong costa centre clusters. A, Astrea guettardi Defrance, 1826, type species of Montastraea; macromorphology, hypotype MNHN R05933, Miocene, Turin, Italy. B–F, Montastraea cavernosa (Linnaeus, 1767), the only living species of Montastraea; macromorphology (D) and micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B, E), hypotype SUI 122829 (FA1109), Carrie Bow Cay, Belize; microstructure (transverse thin section), hypotype SUI 48763 (FA1110), Discovery Bay, Jamaica (C), and hypotype SUI 122828 (FA1093), Bocas del Toro, Panama (F).

Figure 25 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 25. Scapophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848a, has uniserial corallites, fused walls, small (<4 mm) and lowrelief (<3 mm) calices, compact columellae, well-developed paliform (uniaxial) lobes, and sparse endotheca. Septal teeth are low (<0.3 mm) and narrowly spaced (<0.3 mm). Walls formed by strong abortive septa and partial septotheca. A–F, Scapophyllia cylindrica Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849a, the type and only living species of Scapophyllia; macromorphology, holotype MNHN IK-2010-715, unknown locality (A, D); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B, E) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C, F), hypotype USNM 89934, Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands.

Figure 23. Physophyllia Duncan, 1884 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 23. Physophyllia Duncan, 1884, has organically united and polymorphic corallites, extensive coenosteum (≥ corallite diameter), septa spaced <six septa per 5 mm, spongy columellae, and abundant (vesicular) endotheca. A, B, Physophyllia ayleni Wells, 1935, the type and only living species of Physophyllia; macromorphology, holotype NHMUK 1862.7.16.46, Japan (A; photo by H. Taylor), and paratype NHMUK 1893.9.1.188, Macclesfield Bank, South China Sea (B).

Figure 18. Orbicella Dana, 1846 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 18. Orbicella Dana, 1846, has discrete corallites that bud extracalicularly, small (<4 mm) and low-relief (<3 mm) calices, regular free septa, equally thick costosepta, and large (≥ 1/4 of calice width) compact columellae. Septal teeth are low (<0.3 mm) and narrowly spaced (<0.3 mm), with multiaxial tips. Walls formed by dominant septotheca and partial paratheca. A–C, Orbicella annularis (Ellis & Solander, 1786), type species of Orbicella; macromorphology, holotype GLAHM 104008, Antilles (A; photo by K. G. Johnson); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy), hypotype SUI 95207, San Blas, Panama (B); microstructure (transverse thin section; C), hypotype SUI 122825 (FA1108), Anguilla. D–F, Orbicella faveolata (Ellis & Solander, 1786); macromorphology, holotype GLAHM 104009, probably Late Pleistocene, Antilles (D; photo by K. G. Johnson); micromorphology, hypotype SUI 95213, San Blas, Panama (E); microstructure, hypotype SUI 95215, San Blas, Panama (F). G–I, Orbicella franksi (Gregory, 1895); macromorphology, holotype NHMUK R2514, Pleistocene, Barbados (G; photo by H. Taylor); micromorphology, hypotype SUI 133923 (H); microstructure, hypotype SUI 133883 (I).

Figure 26 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 26. Trachyphyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848a, is flabello-meandroid and free-living, with large (> 15 mm) and high-relief (> 6 mm) calices, septa in ≥ four cycles (≥ 48 septa) spaced

Figure 15. Hydnophora Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 15. Hydnophora Fischer von Waldheim, 1807, has uniserial corallites, monticules and fused walls, septa in

Figure 16 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 16. Leptoria Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848a, has uniserial corallites, fused walls, small (<4 mm) and low-relief (<3 mm) calices, septa in

Figure 14 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 14. Goniastrea Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848a, generally has discrete corallites, small to medium (≤ 15 mm) calices, equally thick costosepta, and well-developed paliform (uniaxial) and/or septal (multiaxial) lobes. Septal teeth are often low (<0.3 mm) and narrowly spaced (<0.3 mm). Walls formed by strong abortive septa and partial septotheca; trabeculothecal elements may be present. A–C, Goniastrea retiformis (Lamarck, 1816), type species of Goniastrea; macromorphology, holotype MNHN IK-2010-693, unknown locality (A); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C), hypotype USNM 1013047 (FA1030), Saipan, Mariana Islands. D–F, Goniastrea edwardsi Chevalier, 1971; macromorphology, holotype MNHN IK-2010-654, Seychelles (D); micromorphology (E) and microstructure (F), hypotype RMNH 11194, Lizard Island, Australia. G–I, Goniastrea favulus (Dana, 1846); macromorphology (G), micromorphology (H), and microstructure (I), syntype USNM 66, Fiji. J–L, Goniastrea stelligera (Dana, 1846); macromorphology (J), micromorphology (K), and microstructure (L), syntype USNM 55, Fiji.