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Sevilleta site, station Deep Well, study of plant cover of Dalea nana var. nana (dwarf prairie clover) in units of percent on a yearly timescale

The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Sevilleta (SEV) contains plant cover of Dalea nana var. nana (dwarf prairie clover) measurements in percent units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.

Sevilleta site, station Deep Well, study of plant cover of Ipomopsis pumila (dwarf ipomopsis) in units of percent on a yearly timescale

The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Sevilleta (SEV) contains plant cover of Ipomopsis pumila (dwarf ipomopsis) measurements in percent units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.

Sevilleta site, station Five Points, study of plant cover of Dalea nana var. nana (dwarf prairie clover) in units of percent on a yearly timescale

Sevilleta site, station Five Points, study of plant cover of Ipomopsis pumila (dwarf ipomopsis) in units of percent on a yearly timescale

The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Sevilleta (SEV) contains plant cover of Ipomopsis pumila (dwarf ipomopsis) measurements in percent units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.

Arctic LTER site, station Tussock Tundra 1981 plots, control, study of plant biomass of Betula nana (dwarf birch) in units of gramsPerSquareMeter on a yearly timescale

The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Arctic LTER (ARC) contains plant biomass of Betula nana (dwarf birch) measurements in gramsPerSquareMeter units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.

Arctic LTER site, station Tussock Tundra 1981 Plots, fertilized, study of plant biomass of Betula nana (dwarf birch) in units of gramsPerSquareMeter on a yearly timescale

The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Arctic LTER (ARC) contains plant biomass of Betula nana (dwarf birch) measurements in gramsPerSquareMeter units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.

FIGURE 24 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 24. Live specimens of Sphaerodactylus g. stibarus from Isla Piñeros, Puerto Rico (A, female and B, male).

FIGURE 25 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 25. Adult specimens of Sphaerodactylus g. stibarus from Isla Piñeros, Puerto Rico. A–B, Female (SHSUHerp000917), C–D male (SHSUHerp000918).

FIGURE 26. Dorsal lines forming a in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 26. Dorsal lines forming a blotch (A, Sphaerodactylus inigoi from Culebra, Flamenco) or with separated lines, not forming a blotch (B, Sphaerodactylus g. grandisquamis, Piñones, Puerto Rico).

FIGURE 21 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 21. Adult specimens of Sphaerodactylus g. mimetes from Patillas, Puerto Rico. A–B, Female (SHSUHerp000193), C–D male (SHSUHerp000204).

FIGURE 23 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 23. Adult specimens of Sphaerodactylus g. spanius from Maricao, Puerto Rico. A–B, Female (SHSUHerp000790), C–D male (SHSUHerp000791).

FIGURE 22 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 22. Live specimens of Sphaerodactylus g. spanius. A, female from Toro Negro, Puerto Rico. B, male from Divisoria, Puerto Rico.

FIGURE 11 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 11. Live specimens of Sphaerodactylus inigoi from Vieques (A, female and B, male) and Culebra Island, Flamenco beach (C, female and D, male).

FIGURE 18 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 18. Live specimens of Sphaerodactylus g. ateles from Lajas, Puerto Rico (A, female and B, male). Photographs courtesy of Stuart V. Nielsen, University of Florida.

FIGURE 16 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 16. Live specimens of Sphaerodactylus g. guarionex from Barceloneta, Puerto Rico (A, female and B, male).

FIGURE 1 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 1. SEM of the dorsal scales of species from S. macrolepis complex, scales sampled on the dorsum, just behind the scapular patch. A) S. macrolepis from Great Thatch (UPRRP 4465); B) S. macrolepis from Southeast Culebra (TG 2741); C) S. inigoi from West Culebra (JDD 259); D) S. inigoi from Vieques (RT 10767); E) S. g. stibarus from Isla Piñeros (JDD 546); F) S. g. grandisquamis from Loiza Puerto Rico (RT 14665); G) S. g. guarionex from Toa Baja, Puerto Rico (RT 15625), H) S. g. ateles from CanÞo Boquilla, Puerto Rico (RT 14641); I) S. g. mimetes from Patillas, Puerto Rico (RT 14675); J) S. g. spanius from Toro Negro, Puerto Rico (RT 14789). All images to the same scale, note the smaller scale size of S. macrolepis (A–B) in comparison with S. grandisquamis and S. inigoi (C–J).

FIGURE 19 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 19. Adult specimens of Sphaerodactylus g. ateles from Caño Boquilla, Puerto Rico. A–B, Female (SHSUHerp000770), C–D male (SHSUHerp000771).

FIGURE 10 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 10. Adult specimens of Sphaerodactylus macrolepis from Culebra island. A–B, Female (SHSUHerp000845), C–D male (SHSUHerp000818).

FIGURE 8 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 8. Adult specimens of Sphaerodactylus parvus. A–B, Female from Saint Maarten (MPM23023), C–D male from Saint Barthélemy (MPM23053).

FIGURE 5 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 5. Phylogeny and biogeography of sampled Sphaerodactylus geckos. A. Map of the Greater and Lesser Antilles. Sampled regions are color coded: Hispaniola = yellow; Puerto Rico and the islands of the Puerto Rican bank = blue; Jamaica = orange; Lesser Antilles = black. B. Time-calibrated species tree of sampled Sphaerodactylus species estimated using Star- BEAST2. Numbers at nodes indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP), unlabeled nodes have BPP <0.75. Dark gray horizontal lines at nodes are Bayesian posterior distributions of divergence time, in millions of years. Colored circles at tips indicate geographical distribution and colored nodes correspond to ancestral area reconstruction using stochastic mapping. Time line at the bottom of the tree is in millions of years ago (Ma) with geological periods labelled. The light gray vertical box, labelled "indirect reproductive isolation", encompasses the posterior distribution of divergence times between S. townsendi and S. nicholsi, two species that exhibit post-zygotic reproductive isolation (Pinto et al. 2019). Assuming this is the time necessary to evolve reproductive isolation, this can be an indirect measure for species delimitation. Taxa with divergence time distributions that overlap or are older than the S. townsendi and S. nicholsi split are old enough to have evolved reproductive isolating barriers and are thus candidate species.