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Fig. 1 in A new vertebrate for Europe: the discovery of a range-restricted relict viper in the western Italian Alps

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree based on the Maximum-Likelihood reconstruction (calculated with PHYML v3.0; Guindon and Gascuel 2003) using 3254 bp of the mitochondrial DNA showing position of Vipera walser, and relationships with other Vipera species. Values of bootstrap supports are showed for neighbour joining (top left), maximum parsimony (top right), maximum-likelihood (bottom left) and Bayesian inferences (bottom right). Support values for the bPTP species delimitation model are shown in parenthesis right of the species epithet.

Fig. 10 in A new vertebrate for Europe: the discovery of a range-restricted relict viper in the western Italian Alps

Fig. 10. Current and projected (2035; CMIP5 [IPPC Fifth Assessment]) mean annual rainfall and mean minimum temperatures (°C) for the months May–October within the current range of Vipera walser sp. nov.

Fig. 7 in A new vertebrate for Europe: the discovery of a range-restricted relict viper in the western Italian Alps

Fig. 7. Variation in head scalation in adult female (upper four photographs) and adult male (lower four photographs) of Vipera walser sp. nov.

Fig. 9 in A new vertebrate for Europe: the discovery of a range-restricted relict viper in the western Italian Alps

Fig. 9. Habitat of Vipera walser sp. nov. Valle Strona at about 1650 m (upper left), Valle Strona at about 1800 m (upper right), Valle Mastallone at 2070 m (bottom left) and Valle della Vecchia at 1830 m (bottom right)

Fig. 4 in A new vertebrate for Europe: the discovery of a range-restricted relict viper in the western Italian Alps

Fig. 4. Discriminant analysis, based on the six meristic variables, correctly classifies 94% of females (left) and 88% of males. The strongest discriminatory variables are crown scales and parietals. Blue = V. berus; red = V. walser

Fig. 3 in A new vertebrate for Europe: the discovery of a range-restricted relict viper in the western Italian Alps

Fig. 3. Results of the non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS, Bray–Curtis with similarity index), for the females (left) and males (right) conducted separately. The following variables were considered: subcaudals, crown scales, apicals, perioculars, parietals and loreals (only on the right side because V. walser show a much higher degree of asymmetry on loreal scales count, compared to V. berus). The analysis was carried out on V. walser and three groups of V. berus having the same number of samples, in order to evaluate intraspecific variability. V. walser are in red. The graphs show V. walser to be well differentiated in respect to the three groups of V. berus, which are mostly overlapping.

Fig. 8 in A new vertebrate for Europe: the discovery of a range-restricted relict viper in the western Italian Alps

Fig. 8. Currently known extent of occurrence of Vipera walser sp. nov. (in blue) and V. berus (in red) in north western Italy

FIGURE 9 in Description and DNA barcoding assessment of the new species Deutonura gibbosa (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae), a common springtail of Alps and Jura

FIGURE 9. Neighbor joining tree (K2P) of five species of the phlegraea group of the genus Deutonura based on the COI 5' 'barcoding fragment'. Bootstrap support values showed on the branches. The upper and lower side of the triangle represent respectively the maximum and minimum of genetic distances within the species.

FIGURES 7–8 in Description and DNA barcoding assessment of the new species Deutonura gibbosa (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae), a common springtail of Alps and Jura

FIGURES 7–8. Arrangement of tubercles and chaetae on the tergite of Abd. V–VI in a paratype of Deutonura deficiens sylvatica (Fig. 7) and in a paratype of D. gibbosa sp. nov. (Fig. 8, Abd. VI not visible in dorsal view); 1, 2, 3: chaetae Di1, Di2 and Di3 on Abd. V.

FIGURES 2–6 in Description and DNA barcoding assessment of the new species Deutonura gibbosa (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae), a common springtail of Alps and Jura

FIGURES 2–6. Deutonura gibbosa sp. nov.: 2, dorsal chaetotaxy and tubercles (represented by their undercuticular reticulations); 3, labrum; 4, labium (l—lateral chaeta of labrum); 5, tibiotarsus and claw of leg I (dotted line: limit of secondary granules on dorsal side); 6, ventral chaetotaxy of abdomen. Muscular insertions as punctuated areas; pp: pseudopora.

FIGURE 1 in Description and DNA barcoding assessment of the new species Deutonura gibbosa (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae), a common springtail of Alps and Jura

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Deutonura gibbosa sp. nov. (triangles, Alps and southern border of Jura) and D. deficiens sylvatica (circles, western France, northwestern Spain and Sardinia)). Large triangle and large circle: type localities; only localities from which we have examined specimens are represented for Sardinia.

FIGURE 21 in New data on the spider genus Troglohyphantes (Araneae, Linyphiidae) in the Italian Alps, with the description of a new species and a new synonymy

FIGURE 21. Henroti-, caporiaccoi-, diurnus- and croaticus complexes: distribution in the Italian Alps.

FIGURES 15–18. Troglohyphantes vignai Brignoli, 1971. 15–16 in New data on the spider genus Troglohyphantes (Araneae, Linyphiidae) in the Italian Alps, with the description of a new species and a new synonymy

FIGURES 15–18. Troglohyphantes vignai Brignoli, 1971. 15–16. Male from Tana del Diavolo cave (1591 Pi/TO), Chisone Valley, Roreto Chisone, Province of Torino (19/09/2007, M. Isaia legit). 17–18. Male from Abisso Rangipur (761 Pi/CN), High Pesio Valley, Conca delle Carsene, Province of Cuneo (14/10/2001, E. Lana legit). 15, 17. Prosoma and chelicerae, frontal view. 16, 18. Prosoma, lateral view. Scale 15–18: 0.5 mm. Illustration by Elena Pelizzoli.

FIGURES 11–14. Troglohyphantes bonzanoi Brignoli, 1979 in New data on the spider genus Troglohyphantes (Araneae, Linyphiidae) in the Italian Alps, with the description of a new species and a new synonymy

FIGURES 11–14. Troglohyphantes bonzanoi Brignoli, 1979. Female from type locality (18/10/2008, E. Lana legit). 11. Epigyne, ventral view; 12. Epigyne, lateral view. 13. Chelicerae, posterior view. 14. Epigyne and internal genitalia, lateral view. Scales: 11–12= 0.2 mm; 13–14=0.5 mm. Illustration by Elena Pelizzoli.

FIGURES 4–9. Troglohyphantes lanai n in New data on the spider genus Troglohyphantes (Araneae, Linyphiidae) in the Italian Alps, with the description of a new species and a new synonymy

FIGURES 4–9. Troglohyphantes lanai n. sp. 4–7. Holotytpe male; 8–9 Paratype from type locality (15/08/2008 E. Lana legit). 4. Cymbium of the male pedipalp from above; 5. Prosoma and chelicerae, frontal view; 6. Embolus, ventral view. 7–8. Chelicerae, posterior view. 9. Epigyne and internal genitalia, lateral view. Scales: 4=0.2 mm; 5–9=0.5 mm. Illustration by Elena Pelizzoli.

FIGURES 1–3. Troglohyphantes lanai n in New data on the spider genus Troglohyphantes (Araneae, Linyphiidae) in the Italian Alps, with the description of a new species and a new synonymy

FIGURES 1–3. Troglohyphantes lanai n. sp. 1. Holotype male; 2–3 Paratype from type locality (15/8/2008 E. Lana legit). 1. Retrolateral view of left male pedipalp; 2. Epigyne, ventral view; 3. Epigyne, lateral view. Scales: 1=0.5 mm; 2– 3=0.2 mm. (E = Embolus; Lb = Lower branch of lamella characteristica; LC = Lamella characteristica; PC = Paracymbium; SA = Suprategular apophysis; Ub = Upper branch of lamella characteristica). Illustration by Elena Pelizzoli.

FIGURE 10. Troglohyphantes bonzanoi Brignoli, 1979 in New data on the spider genus Troglohyphantes (Araneae, Linyphiidae) in the Italian Alps, with the description of a new species and a new synonymy

FIGURE 10. Troglohyphantes bonzanoi Brignoli, 1979. Male from type locality (18/10/2008, E. Lana legit). Retrolateral view of right male pedipalp. (E = Embolus; LC = Lamella characteristica; PC = Paracymbium; SA = Suprategular apophysis; Te = Tip of the embolus). Scale: 0.2 mm. Illustration by Elena Pelizzoli.

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FIGURE 10 in Biodiversity of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) along an altitudinal gradient in the Central Alps

FIGURE 10. Group spectra of the oribatid mite community on Liebener Rippe, Androsacetum alpinae, 2900 m a.s.l. in previous and recent investigations.

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FIGURE 2 in Biodiversity of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) along an altitudinal gradient in the Central Alps

FIGURE 2. Illustration of the Sørensen's similarity index calculated for LR (Liebener Rippe, Androsacetum alpinae, 2900 m a.s.l.), HM (Hohe Mut, Caricetum curvulae, 2600 m a.s.l.), SK (Schönwieskopf, Nardetum, 2300 m a.s.l.), ZW (Zirbenwald, pine forest, 2050 m a.s.l.).