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2,015 results for “context”
Environmental context and herbivore traits mediate the strength of associational effects in a meta-analysis of crop diversity
<p>1. Crop diversification offers a promising solution to meet expanding global food demands while maintaining ecosystem services. Diversification strategies that employ mixed planting to reduce pest damage (e.g., intercropping), termed "associational effects" (AE) in the ecological literature, can decrease (associational resistance) or increase (associational susceptibility) herbivore abundance on a focal plant. While application of AE to agroecosystems typically reduces pest abundance, the range of outcomes varies widely.</p> <p>2. We conducted a meta-analysis using 272 estimates of insect herbivore abundance on crops neighbored by a conspecific or heterospecific from 44 studies undertaken on six continents. We focus on four agricultural crops well-represented from sites across the globe to test hypotheses related to understanding how herbivore traits (diet breadth, feeding guild, origin), plant traits (crop type, phylogenetic distance to neighbor), and environmental context (climate, experimental design) contribute to variation in the outcomes of associational effects.</p> <p>3. Overall, bicultures provided a strong reduction of insect abundance on the focal crop. Climate and interactions between herbivore traits, particularly diet breadth and origin, and plant traits or environmental context mediated the strength of associational effects.</p> <p>4. Bicultures provided the strongest reductions in insect abundance at low latitudes and this effect decreased at higher latitudes, but only for insects with certain traits. Abundance of generalist herbivores and globally distributed pests tended to be most strongly negatively affected by bicultures, under certain contexts, whereas specialist herbivores and native pests were less affected by neighbors.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and application. This meta-analysis highlights that variability in AE is determined in part by the interactive effects of herbivore traits and environmental context and provides guidance for incorporating beneficial ecological interactions into integrated pest management strategies.</p>
Data from: The impact of task context on predicting finger movements in a brain-machine interface
<p>A key factor in the clinical translation of brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) for restoring hand motor function will be their robustness to changes in a task. With functional electrical stimulation (FES) for example, the patient's own hand will be used to produce a wide range of forces in otherwise similar movements. To investigate the impact of task changes on BMI performance, we trained two rhesus macaques to control a virtual hand with their physical hand while we added springs to each finger group (index or middle-ring-small) or altered their wrist posture. Using simultaneously recorded intracortical neural activity, finger positions, and electromyography, we found that predicting finger kinematics and finger-related muscle activations across contexts led to significant increases in prediction error, especially for muscle activations. However, with respect to online BMI control of the virtual hand, changing either training task context or the hand's physical context during online control had little effect on online performance. We explain this dichotomy by showing that the structure of neural population activity remained similar in new contexts, which could allow for fast adjustment online. Additionally, we found that neural activity shifted trajectories proportional to the required muscle activation in new contexts, possibly explaining biased kinematic predictions and suggesting a feature that could help predict different magnitude muscle activations while producing similar kinematics.</p>
Manual classification of dataset and software mention contexts as used, created or shared
<p>This dataset consists of two JSON files containing:</p> <p>- software-contexts.json: 49195 sentences from the SoMeSci and Softcite datasets with 3162 software mentions and with added manual indication if the mentioned software is used, created and/or shared,</p> <p>- dataset-software-extra-contexts.json: an additional set of 481 sentences with dataset or software mentions and with added manual indication if the mentioned software is used, created and/or shared.</p> <p>Softcite dataset: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7995565">https://zenodo.org/record/7995565</a></p> <p>SoMeSci dataset: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/4968738">https://zenodo.org/record/4968738</a></p>
Data from the manuscript 'Accurate detection of shared genetic architecture from GWAS summary statistics in the small-sample context'
<p>Data sets from the manuscript 'Accurate detection of shared genetic architecture from GWAS summary statistics in the small-sample context'. These include the test statistics from analyses of real and simulated data, and the data used to generate the figures relating to the goodness-of-fit of the generalised extreme value distribution to the GPS test statistics under the null. Please see the enclosed README for more details.</p>
Context-dependent memory recall in HMD-based immersive virtual environments
<p>Data represent result of an original VR-based experimental research, which studied human memory recollection in different visual environments. 92 students of psychology using head-mounted VR displays were introduced into a computer-generated virtual environment and asked to memorize presented lists of words. Afterwards, the number of accurate and false memory recollections were measured when participants were placed in the same, respectively different virtual environment. </p> <p> </p>
Selection process of articles for a systematic literature review on citizen science initiatives in school contexts
<p>Selection process of articles for a systematic literature review on citizen science initiatives in school contexts. Initial records are extracted from Web of Science database from 2000 to 2021. We used the keyword "citizen science" in the title mixed with some keywords in the topic of the search: “classroom” or “school” or “student*” or “pupil” or “learning”.</p> <p>The different database sheets inform about the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria applied.</p>
Datasets and example code for "Tuning perception and decisions to temporal context"
<p>Here are the datasets and examples of code of the paper "Tuning perception and decisions to temporal context"</p> <p> </p> <p>The datasets of both experiment are stored in a .csv file, organized in a long format.<br> Each row corresponds to a trial, while columns are variables.</p> <p>See the README.txt document for further information.</p>
Data set - Measured in a context : making sense of open access book data
<p>For more than a decade, open access book platforms have been distributing titles in order to maximise their impact. Each platform offers some form of usage data, showcasing the success of their offering. However, the numbers alone are not sufficient to convey how well a book is actually performing.</p> <p>Our data set is consists of 18,014 books and chapters. The selected titles have been added to the OAPEN Library collection before 1 January 2022, and the usage data of twelve months (January to December 2022) has been captured. During that period, this collection of books and chapters has been downloaded more than 10 million times. Each title has been linked to one broad subject and the title’s language has been coded as either English, German or other languages.</p> <p>The titles are rated using the TOANI score.</p> <p>The acronym stands for Transparent Open Access Normalised Index. The transparency is based on the application of clear regulations, and by making all data used visible. The data is normalised, by using a common scale for the complete collection of an open access book platform. Additionally, there are only three possible values to score the titles: average, less than average and more than average. This index is set up to provide a clear and simple answer to the question whether an open access book has made an impact. It is not meant to give a sense of false accuracy; the complexities surrounding this issue cannot be measured in several decimal places.</p> <p>The TOANI score is based on the following principles:</p> <ul> <li>Select only titles that have been available for at least 12 months;</li> <li>Use the usage data of the same 12 months period for the whole collection;</li> <li>Each title is assigned one – high level – subject;</li> <li>Each title is assigned one language;</li> <li>All titles are grouped based on subject and language;</li> <li>The groups should consists of at least 100 titles;</li> <li>The following data must be made available for each title: <ul> <li>Platform</li> <li>Total number of titles in the group</li> <li>Subject</li> <li>Language</li> <li>Period used for the measurement</li> <li>Minimum value, maximum value, median, first and third quartile of the platform’s usage data</li> </ul> </li> <li>Based on the previous, titles are classified as: <ul> <li>“Less than average” – First quartile; 25 % of the titles</li> <li>“Average” – Second and third quartile; 50% of the titles</li> <li>“More than average” – Fourth quartile; 25 % of the titles</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
The role of neighbour proximity and context on meerkat close call acoustic structure
<p><span>In many animal species, including humans, producer arousal state is considered a key modifier of vocal production and structure. Encoding of affective arousal state in vocalisations provides a rapid means of information transfer about an individual's internal state, potentially reflecting its response to external stimuli. Meerkats, Suricata suricatta, are a highly vocal species. They use close calls to maintain group cohesion while foraging. Due to their patchily distributed prey, motivation for neighbour proximity varies; being too close results in competition (increased arousal - aggression), while too far results in risks of losing the group and predation threats (increased arousal - fear). We investigated how neighbour proximity, and also behavioural, social and environmental context, influence the acoustic structure of wild wild meerkats' close calls. We found little effect of neighbour distance on the majority of the acoustic parameters measured. However, there was a consistent effect of the behavioural context in which the call was given across several acoustic parameters. Additionally, if the nearest neighbour was a pup calls became longer, lower and quieter. Overall, meerkat close calls potentially convey information on current behaviour and are modified in relation to social context. This highlights a potential mechanism in the diversification of acoustic signals. </span></p>
The existence and strength of higher order interactions is sensitive to environmental context
<p><span>One strategy for understanding the dynamics of any complex system, such as a community of competing species, is to study the dynamics of parts of the system in isolation. Ecological communities can be decomposed into single species, and pairs of interacting species. This reductionist strategy assumes that whole-community dynamics are predictable and explainable from knowledge of the dynamics of single species and pairs of species. This assumption will be violated if higher order interactions (HOIs) are strong. Theory predicts that HOIs should be common. But it is difficult to detect HOIs, and to infer their long-term consequences for species coexistence, solely from short-term data. I conducted a protist microcosm experiment to test for HOIs among competing bacterivorous ciliates and test the sensitivity of HOIs to environmental context. I grew three competing ciliate species in all possible combinations at each of two resource enrichment levels, and use the population dynamic data from the one- and two-species treatments to parameterize a competition model at each enrichment level. I then compared the predictions of the parameterized model to the dynamics of the whole community (three-species treatment). I found that the existence, and thus strength, of HOIs was environment-dependent. I found a strong HOI at low enrichment, which enabled the persistence of a species that would otherwise have been competitively excluded. At high enrichment, three-species dynamics could be predicted from a parameterized model of one- and two-species dynamics, provided that the model accounted for nonlinear intraspecific density dependence. The results provide one of the first rigorous demonstrations of the long-term consequences of HOIs for species coexistence and demonstrate the context-dependence of HOIs. HOIs create difficult challenges for predicting and explaining species coexistence in nature.</span></p>
Context-dependent perturbations in chromatin folding and the transcriptome by cohesin and related factors
<p>Cohesin plays vital roles in chromatin folding and gene expression regulation, cooperating with such factors as cohesin loaders, unloaders, and the insulation factor CTCF. Although models of regulation have been proposed (e.g., loop extrusion), how cohesin and related factors collectively or individually regulate the hierarchical chromatin structure and gene expression remains unclear. We have depleted cohesin and related factors and then conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the resulting 3D genome, transcriptome and epigenome data. We observed substantial variation in depletion effects among factors at topologically associating domain (TAD) boundaries and on interTAD interactions, which were related to epigenomic status. Gene expression changes were highly correlated with direct cohesin binding and gain of TAD boundaries than with the loss of boundaries. Moreover, cohesin was broadly enriched in active compartment A chromosomes, which were retained after CTCF depletion. Our results demonstrate context-specific roles of cohesin for gene expression and chromatin folding.</p>
Figure 1 in Inter-group conflicts involving adult female and male bearded capuchins, Sapajus libidinosus (Primates: Cebidae), in the context of provisioned resources: resource defense or sexual selection?
Figure 1. The study site is an isolated fragment of forest, surrounded by an urban matrix: Bosque Bougainville in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Source: ArcGIS Data and Maps©.
Jumping to new hosts: the diversification of flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticini) in the context of their host plant associations
<p><span>Flea beetles (Alticini) represent one of the most diverse groups within the family Chrysomelidae and are associated with more than 100 different plant families. Conspicuously, only 10 genera account for about a quarter of flea beetle diversity, whereas about 380 genera each comprise less than ten species, indicating different rates of diversification within the Alticini. Here, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of 608 species in 101 Alticini genera using mitogenomes and cytochrome oxidase I, and applied several frameworks of clade-specific diversification rate analyses. Increased diversification rates were consistently detected in the cosmopolitan genera <em>Altica</em> and <em>Longitarsus</em>, the Palearctic genus <em>Phyllotreta</em>, and in neotropical taxa of the subtribe Oedionychina. In addition, we tested whether the evolution of specialized interactions with plants of the order Brassicales influenced the diversification of <em>Phyllotreta</em> and <em>Psylliodes</em> flea beetles. Specialization on Brassicales was only associated with increased diversification rates in <em>Phyllotreta</em> but not in <em>Psylliodes</em>. Our results indicate that host associations per se do not explain different diversification rates and lay the groundwork for investigating the evolutionary drivers of rapid radiations in Alticini.</span></p>
Figure 3 in Gardening behaviour of Sicydium punctatum (Gobioidei: Sicydiinae): in vitro experiments in the context of chlordecone pollution in Guadeloupe Island rivers
Figure 3. – Time in seconds spent resting (in grey) and spent grazing (in black) on each cobble (numbered from 1 to 14) by the dominant and the dominated specimens in the polluted tank.
Data used in manuscript, "Context-dependent concordance between physiological divergence and phenotypic selection in sister taxa with contrasting phenology and mating systems"
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Strong context-dependence in the relative importance of climate and habitat on macro-moth community changes in Finland
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Social Context Affects Camouflage in a Cryptic Fish Species
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Context-dependence in the symbiosis between Dictyostelium discoideum and Paraburkholderia
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Data from: The acacia ants revisited: convergent evolution and biogeographic context in an iconic ant/plant mutualism
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Data from: Context-dependent body size evolution in lacertid lizards: Differential role of structural habitat and climate across radiations
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ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.