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opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Fig. 2 in Embryonic development of the ornamental shrimp, Urocaridella arabianensis Akash et al., 2020

Fig. 2 — Mean embryonic volume at different developmental stages (incubation period) of U. arabianensis (n = 7; mean±SD), (ANOVA; F = 177; p <0.0001)

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

FIGURE 10 in Morphological variation during post-embryonic development in the centipede Lithobius melanops: traditional and geometric morphometrics approaches

FIGURE 10 Shape variation of (A) The forcipular apparatus; (B) The cephalic capsule; and (C) The ultimate leg among epimorphic groups was performed by Canonical Variate Analyses (CVA) [circle: black – agenitalis, white – maturus; rectangles: black – praematurus male, white – praematurus female (in the case of the forcipular aparatus) and praematurus (both sexes in the case of the cephalic capsule and the ultimate leg)]. Thin plate spline deformation grids and vector positions illustrate the shape variation pattern among analyzed groups.

Fig. 19 in Reproductive biology, embryonic development and matrotrophy in the phylactolaemate bryozoan Plumatella casmiana

Fig. 19 Ultrastructural details of opposing embryonic and embryo sac tissues in Plumatella casmiana (TEM). a Embryo showing extensions towards the embryo sac and vice versa (arrows). b Massive cytoplasmic extensions of the embryo sac mesoderm including large vesicles, partly opening to the lumen of the embryo sac (asterisk). c Filiform extensions between the cells of the embryo sac and the embryo. d Cells of the

Fig. 20 in Reproductive biology, embryonic development and matrotrophy in the phylactolaemate bryozoan Plumatella casmiana

Fig. 20 Ultrastructure of the contact area between the embryo sac and the embryo (a, c, d) and the embryo sac facing the maternal coelom (b, e) in Plumatella casmiana (TEM). a Mesodermal cell of the embryo sac (left) with a large nucleus and surrounding endoplasmatic reticulum. Vesicles release their contents (arrows) to the lumen of the embryo sac. A presumed endocytotic vesicle (wide arrow) is present in the cytoplasmic extension of the cell of the embryo. A large expelled(?) autophagosome is located in the lumen between the embryo sac and the embryonic cells, the latter with several cytoplasmic processes in contact with the former. Embryonic cells are interconnected by adherens junctions (arrowheads).

Fig. 10 in Reproductive biology, embryonic development and matrotrophy in the phylactolaemate bryozoan Plumatella casmiana

Fig. 10 Semithin sections of the embryo sac of Plumatella casmiana. The border between the ectodermal and mesodermal layer of the embryo sac wall are shown by a dashed line in b–d. a Attachment site of the embryo sac to the body wall showing continuity of its layers with those of the body wall. b Embryo sac with prominent outer mesodermal and thin inner ectodermal layer of (separated by dashed line). Contact cells of blastula-staged embryo are in connection with the ectoderm and mesoderm of the embryo sac (arrowheads). c Longitudinal section showing a cavity lined by the distal maternal ectodermal cells. Contact cells are indicated by arrowhead. d Section of a blastula and its central cavity. Contact cells are apparent in the upper part of the embryo (arrowheads). The epi- thelial lining of the embryo in this region is thicker and indicates mesoderm formation. Abbreviations: b polypide bud, e embryo, ed epidermis (ectodermal origin), esm mesoderm of embryo sac, mec maternal ectoderm cells, ov ovary

Fig. 4 in Reproductive biology, embryonic development and matrotrophy in the phylactolaemate bryozoan Plumatella casmiana

Fig. 4 Gonads and early embyo sac of Plumatella casmiana (semithin sections a, c, d), and whole-mount of Plumatella sp. (b). a Ovary with several oocytes. b Testes at the funiculus. Spermatids contain mostly the nucleus (insert). c Early cleavage stage with an embryo consisting of several blastomeres located at the free end of the embryo sac. The maternal ectodermal lining of the embryo covers the entire embryo (dashed line). d Oblique section of a blastula stage with commencing mesoderm formation (arrowheads indicate first mesodermal cells delaminating from the ectoderm). The maternal ectodermal lining persists (dashed line). Abbreviations: bwm body wall musculature, e embryo, ebs embryo sac, ed epidermis (ectodermal origin), ese embryo sac ectoderm, esm embryo sac mesoderm, fu funiculus; mec maternal ectoderm cells, nu nucleus, nuc nucleolus, ooc oocytes, ov ovary, ovc follicle cell, p peritoneum (mesodermal origin), sp sperm, yd yolk droplets

Fig. 1 Plumatella casmiana. a and b in Reproductive biology, embryonic development and matrotrophy in the phylactolaemate bryozoan Plumatella casmiana

Fig. 1 Plumatella casmiana. a and b Overview of colonies showing the branching growth pattern. c Detail of a piece of a colony showing extended lophophores

Fig 6 from: Tanaka S, Kotaki T, Nishide Y, Ben-Hamouda A, Abdellaoui K, Ebbe MAB, Ely SO (2019) Effects of water extracts of feces from three locust species and various plants on oviposition and embryonic development in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Orthoptera Research 28(2): 195-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.28.34665

Fig 6 Effects of water extracts of frass produced by desert locusts (Sg), migratory locusts (Lm), and Bombay locusts (Ns) fed with rescue grass leaves on the number of A. Egg pods and B. Holes dug by adult desert locusts presented with extracts mixed with sand. Three cups containing frass extracts of the three locust species were simultaneously presented to locusts in each of two locust cages (light and dark histograms) for seven days. Numbers in parentheses indicate the total numbers of days observed. Bars on histograms indicate one standard deviation. Different letters in each comparison (light or dark histograms) in (A) indicate significant differences at the 5% level with Tukey's multiple comparison test. n.s. indicates no significant differences in each comparison with ANOVA (light or dark histograms).

Fig 5 from: Tanaka S, Kotaki T, Nishide Y, Ben-Hamouda A, Abdellaoui K, Ebbe MAB, Ely SO (2019) Effects of water extracts of feces from three locust species and various plants on oviposition and embryonic development in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Orthoptera Research 28(2): 195-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.28.34665

Fig 5 Effects of water extracts of frass produced by A, B. Bombay locusts and C, D. Migratory locusts fed with rescue grass leaves on the numbers of egg pods laid (A, C) and holes dug (B, D) by adult female desert locusts presented with extracts mixed with sand. Two cups containing frass extract (treated) and water (control) were simultaneously presented to locusts in each of two locust cages, and the data were combined. Numbers in parentheses indicate the total numbers of days observed. Bars on histograms indicate one standard deviation. Asterisks indicate significant differences at the 5% level with a t-test. n.s. indicates no significant difference.

Fig 2 from: Tanaka S, Kotaki T, Nishide Y, Ben-Hamouda A, Abdellaoui K, Ebbe MAB, Ely SO (2019) Effects of water extracts of feces from three locust species and various plants on oviposition and embryonic development in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Orthoptera Research 28(2): 195-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.28.34665

Fig 2 Effects of water extracts of frass obtained from lab-reared desert locust fed with romaine lettuce in Tunisia on the number of A. Egg pods laid and B. Holes dug by adult female desert locusts presented with sand mixed with frass extracts. Two cups containing frass extracts (treated) and water (control) were simultaneously presented to locusts in each of two locust cages for seven or eight days, and the data were combined. Numbers in parentheses indicate the total numbers of days observed. Asterisks indicate a significant difference at the 5% level with a t-test. n.s. indicates no significant difference.

Fig 9 from: Tanaka S, Kotaki T, Nishide Y, Ben-Hamouda A, Abdellaoui K, Ebbe MAB, Ely SO (2019) Effects of water extracts of feces from three locust species and various plants on oviposition and embryonic development in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Orthoptera Research 28(2): 195-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.28.34665

Fig 9 Effects of water extracts of rescue grass-fed desert locust frass on A. Egg widths (mean ± SD; n = 10) and B. Antennal lengths of embryos (mean ± SD; n = 6–11). Eggs were incubated in sand wetted with the frass extract (treated) or water (control) on day three after oviposition at 30°C. C–F. Photographs show embryos observed on days 5 and 9. Triangles in (A) and (B) indicate the time when the treatment started. Vertical bars in C–F indicate 1 mm. White arrows indicate an embryonic antenna in C–E.

Fig 1 from: Tanaka S, Kotaki T, Nishide Y, Ben-Hamouda A, Abdellaoui K, Ebbe MAB, Ely SO (2019) Effects of water extracts of feces from three locust species and various plants on oviposition and embryonic development in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Orthoptera Research 28(2): 195-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.28.34665

Fig 1 Effects of water extracts of desert locust frass collected under umbrella thorn trees in the Mauritanian desert on the number of A., B. Egg pods laid, and C., D. Holes dug by adult female desert locusts presented with extracts mixed with sand. Frass were collected at sites #1 and #2 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Two cups containing frass extracts (treated) and water (control) were simultaneously presented to locusts in each of two locust cages for seven or five days, and the data were combined. Numbers in parentheses indicate the total numbers of days observed. Bars on histograms indicate one standard deviation. Asterisks indicate a significant difference at the 5% level with a t-test. n.s. indicates no significant difference.

Fig 8 from: Tanaka S, Kotaki T, Nishide Y, Ben-Hamouda A, Abdellaoui K, Ebbe MAB, Ely SO (2019) Effects of water extracts of feces from three locust species and various plants on oviposition and embryonic development in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Orthoptera Research 28(2): 195-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.28.34665

Fig 8 Effects of water extracts of rescue grass-fed Bombay locust (Ns) and migratory locust (Lm) frass on desert locust egg hatching rates. Five groups of 20 eggs were buried in sand wetted with each extract and water alone (control, C) within three days after oviposition and were observed for hatching at 30°C. Asterisks indicate significant differences at the 5% level with GLMM.

Fig 7 from: Tanaka S, Kotaki T, Nishide Y, Ben-Hamouda A, Abdellaoui K, Ebbe MAB, Ely SO (2019) Effects of water extracts of feces from three locust species and various plants on oviposition and embryonic development in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Orthoptera Research 28(2): 195-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.28.34665

Fig 7 Effects of hot and cool water extracts of rescue grass-fed desert locust frass on the number of A. Egg pods laid and B. Holes dug by adult female desert locusts. Frass were extracted with boiling and cool water and the extracts were mixed with sand. Sand cups containing these extracts and water as a control were presented to locusts in the same cage for 4 days. Numbers in parentheses indicate the total numbers of days observed. Bars on histograms indicate one standard deviation. Different letters in (A) indicate significant differences at the 5% level with Tukey's multiple comparison test. n.s. in (B) indicates no significant difference with ANOVA at the 5% level.

Fig 3 from: Tanaka S, Kotaki T, Nishide Y, Ben-Hamouda A, Abdellaoui K, Ebbe MAB, Ely SO (2019) Effects of water extracts of feces from three locust species and various plants on oviposition and embryonic development in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Orthoptera Research 28(2): 195-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.28.34665

Fig 3 Effects of water extracts of leaves of various plants and desert locust frass collected after locusts fed on these plants on the numbers of egg pods laid by adult female desert locusts presented with sand mixed with extracts. Sand wetted with water was also presented as a control. Three cups containing leaf, frass extract, and water (control) were simultaneously presented to locusts in one (A, C, D) or two locust cages (B, E, F) for three to five days, and the data were combined in (B), (E), and (F). Numbers in parentheses indicate the total numbers of days observed. Bars on histograms indicate one standard deviation. Different letters in each panel indicate significant differences at the 5% level with Tukey's multiple comparison test. DG, Dactylis glomerata (orchard grass); BO, Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage); SB, Sorghum bicolor (sorghum); LS, Lactuca sativa var. longifolia (romaine lettuce); BR, Brassica rapa var. perviridis (Japanese mustard spinach); MS, Miscanthus sinensis (silver grass).

Fig 4 from: Tanaka S, Kotaki T, Nishide Y, Ben-Hamouda A, Abdellaoui K, Ebbe MAB, Ely SO (2019) Effects of water extracts of feces from three locust species and various plants on oviposition and embryonic development in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Orthoptera Research 28(2): 195-204. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.28.34665

Fig 4 Effects of water extracts of leaves of various plants and desert locust frass after locusts fed on these plants on the numbers of egg pods laid when extracts were mixed with sand and presented to adult female desert locusts. Two cups containing leaf and frass extracts were simultaneously presented to locusts in each of two locust cages for three to five days, and the data were combined. Numbers in parentheses indicate the total numbers of days observed. Bars on histograms indicate one standard deviation. Asterisks indicate significant differences at the 5% level with a t-test. n.s. indicates no significant difference. DG, Dactylis glomerata (orchard grass); BO, Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage); SB, Sorghum bicolor (sorghum); LS, Lactuca sativa var. longifolia (romaine lettuce); BR, Brassica rapa var. perviridis (Japanese mustard spinach); MS, Miscanthus sinensis (silver grass).

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2018View details →

Figures 40-49 from: Zhu D, Yang K, Sun N, Wang W, Zhou X (2018) Embryonic and larval development of the topmouth gudgeon, Pseudorasbora parva (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zoologia 35: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e22162

Figures 40-49 - The larval development of Pseudorasbora parva : (40) One day after hatching (DAH); (41) Two DAH (O, the first swim bladder); (42) Three DAH; (43) Four DAH; (44) Five DAH (P, dorsal fin); (45) Six DAH (Q, intestinal tube wriggle); (46) Nine DAH (R, the second swim bladder); (47) Eleven DAH (S, anal fin); (48) Thirteen DAH (T, pectoral fin); (49) Twenty DAH (U, fin fold). Scale bars: 40–48 = 0.5 mm, 49 = 1.0 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2018View details →

Figures 2-39 from: Zhu D, Yang K, Sun N, Wang W, Zhou X (2018) Embryonic and larval development of the topmouth gudgeon, Pseudorasbora parva (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zoologia 35: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e22162

Figures 2-39 - Embryonic development of Pseudorasbora parva : (2) Fertilized egg; (3) The fully-swollen egg (A, blastoderm); (4) Blastodisc formation; (5) The first cleavage furrow (B, cleavage furrow); (6) 2-cell phase; (7) The second cleavage furrow (B, cleavage furrow); (8) 4-cell phase; (9) 8-cell phase; (10) 16-cell phase; (11) 32-cell phase; (12) 64-cell phase; (13) Cellulouse phase; (14) Morula phase; (15) Early blastula phase; (16) Mid-blastula phase; (17) Late blastula phase (C, cells epiboly); (18) Early gastrula phase (D, germ ring); (19) Mid-gastrula phase (D, germ ring); (20) Late gastrula phase (D, germ ring); (21) Neural embryo formation (E, blastopore); (22) Blastopore closed phase; (23) Somites appearance (F, somite); (24) Optic vesicle appearance (G, optic vesicle); (25) Optic capsule appearance; (26) Notochord appearance (H, notochord); (27) Tail bud appearance (I, tail bud); (28) Otic vesicle appearance; (29) Crystalline lenses formation; (30) Muscle function phase; (31) Heart bud appearance (J, heart bud); (32) Heartbeat phase; (33) Otolith appearance (K, otolith); (34) Eye pigment appearance; (35) Pectoral fin bud appearance (L, pectoral fin bud); (36) Body pigment appearance (M, body pigment); (37) Hatching prophase; (38) Hatching phase (N, yolk sac); (39) Newly hatched larva. Scale bars: 2–37 = 0.2 mm, 38–39 = 0.5 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2014View details →

Figure 2 in Embryonic development of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae), in vivo

Figure 2. In vivo photographic illustration of Bactrocera oleae eggs (22–60 h), gastrulation and differentiation of the blastoderm. A) A space in the posterior pole egg at 22 h; B) cephalic furrow at 28 h; C) head involution at 46 h; D) mouth hook and gut formation; E) digestive, nervous, and tracheal systems.